Adjuvant Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors after Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck: A Case-Control Study.

The development of new treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck (MMHN) after carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is essential because of the risk of distant metastases. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment to justify its inclusion in the regimen after CIRT. Thirty-four patients who received CIRT as an initial treatment were included in the analysis and stratified into three groups: those who did not receive ICIs (Group A), those who received ICIs after recurrence or metastasis (Group B), and those who received ICIs as adjuvant therapy after CIRT (Group C).

Safety and Efficacy of Management for Intraprocedural Rupture During Endovascular Treatment for Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background And Objectives: Although intraprocedural rupture (IPR) is rare, it is a devastating complication of endovascular treatment (EVT) for intracranial aneurysms. Very few studies have been conducted on IPR, and the safety and efficacy of management techniques of IPR have not been investigated.

Methods: Patients who experienced IPR during EVT between 2013 and 2022 were enrolled from a multicenter observational registry.

Prognostic significance of inflammatory markers in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving nivolumab plus ipilimumab.

Background: A useful biomarker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not yet been established. This study aims to investigate whether inflammatory markers are associated with the efficacy of nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy before and during treatment.

Methods: Data from patients with advanced clear cell RCC who received a combination treatment of nivolumab plus ipilimumab were retrospectively analyzed.

In vitro protamine addition for coagulation assessment using TEG 6s system during cardiopulmonary bypass: a pilot study.

Objective: Systemic heparinization during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can significantly affect thromboelastography (TEG). This study investigated the feasibility of adding protamine in vitro to allow assessment of coagulation status using the TEG 6s system during CPB.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 21 patients undergoing elective cardiac valve surgery were evaluated.

Andexanet Alfa for Edoxaban Reversal and Associated Thromboelastography Changes in Surgical Pulmonary Embolectomy.

Andexanet alfa neutralizes factor Xa inhibitors in critical bleeding situations. However, in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), heparin resistance induced by andexanet alfa should be a concern, and the lack of point-of-care monitoring of plasma concentration of factor Xa inhibitors makes it difficult to decide when to administer andexanet alfa. A 69-year-old man underwent emergency surgery for acute pulmonary thromboembolism.

Associations between acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is 1 of the major complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Although various risk factors for chronic GVHD have been reported, limited data are available regarding the impact of acute GVHD on chronic GVHD. We examined the association between acute and chronic GVHD using a Japanese registry data set.

Guanylate binding protein 5 is an immune-related biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective prognostic study with bioinformatic analysis.

Background: Cancer utilizes immunosuppressive mechanisms to create a tumor microenvironment favorable for its progression. The purpose of this study is to histologically characterize the immunological properties of the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identify key molecules involved in the immunological microenvironment and patient prognosis.

Methods: First, overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from OSCC transcriptome data in public databases.

Superiority of BM over PBSC for recipients with pre-transplant lung dysfunction in HLA-matched allogeneic HCT.

Background Aims: Pre-transplant lung dysfunction is known to be a risk factor for non-relapse mortality (NRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). It is unclear which cell source gives better outcomes for patients with pulmonary dysfunction.

Methods: We analyzed 3289 adult patients with standard-risk disease who had received HLA-matched allo-HCT, and compared outcomes between those who received peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) vs.

Effect of empagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: the EMPA-ICD trial.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and cardiovascular death with type 2 diabetes; however, their effect on arrhythmias is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of empagliflozin on ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 150 patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (ICD/CRT-D) were randomized to once-daily empagliflozin or placebo for 24 weeks.

Preliminary External Validation Results of the Artificial Intelligence-Based Headache Diagnostic Model: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

The misdiagnosis of headache disorders is a serious issue, and AI-based headache model diagnoses with external validation are scarce. We previously developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based headache diagnosis model using a database of 4000 patients' questionnaires in a headache-specializing clinic and herein performed external validation prospectively. The validation cohort of 59 headache patients was prospectively collected from August 2023 to February 2024 at our or collaborating multicenter institutions.

Analysis of reconstructed oropharynx shape after total glossolaryngectomy reconstruction using a free rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap.

Introduction: Restoring oral intake through oropharyngeal reconstruction is vital for patients undergoing total glossolaryngectomy. Despite its importance, research in this area is limited, leaving clinicians with few guidelines. The debate regarding the optimal shape of the reconstructed oropharynx highlights the need for further research.