Two new strains of Streptomyces with metabolic potential for biological control of pear black spot disease.

Background: Pear black spot is caused by Alternaria tenuissima. It is one of the diseases of concern limiting pear production worldwide. Existing cultivation methods and fungicides are not sufficient to control early blight.

Exploring pattern-specific components associated with hand gestures through different sEMG measures.

For surface electromyography (sEMG) based human-machine interaction systems, accurately recognizing the users' gesture intent is crucial. However, due to the existence of subject-specific components in sEMG signals, subject-specific models may deteriorate when applied to new users. In this study, we hypothesize that in addition to subject-specific components, sEMG signals also contain pattern-specific components, which is independent of individuals and solely related to gesture patterns.

Near telomere-to-telomere assembly of the Tarim pigeon (Columba livia) genome.

Pigeons serve as important model animals and commercial poultry. The Tarim pigeon, as a breed of Columba livia, is a locally indigenous breed unique to China. While the genome of C.

Personalized Human Astrocyte-Derived Region-Specific Forebrain Organoids Recapitulate Endogenous Pathological Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental malformation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. In this study, personalized dorsal and ventral forebrain organoids (DFOs/VFOs) are generated derived from brain astrocytes of patients with FCD type II (FCD II). The pathological features of dysmorphic neurons, balloon cells, and astrogliosis are successfully replicated in patient-derived DFOs, but not in VFOs.

Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients With Acquired T790M and EGFR Amplification After First-Generation EGFR-TKI Resistance.

Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is the standard therapy for patients harboring T790M after first-generation EGFR-TKI resistance. However, the impact of acquired EGFR amplification on the efficacy of third-generation EGFR-TKI against T790M remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate whether the presence of acquired EGFR amplification after first-generation EGFR-TKI resistance influences the efficacy of third-generation EGFR-TKI in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Trends and cross-country inequality in the incidence of GI cancers among the working-age population from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease 2021 analysis.

Background: GI cancers pose an increasing global health burden, with their impact on the working-age population (WAP) aged 15-64 years remaining largely unexplored despite the crucial role of this group in societal and economic well-being.

Objective: To assess trends and cross-country inequality in the global burden of six GI cancers from 1990 to 2021 among individuals in the WAP.

Design: The 2021 Global Burden of Disease study dataset was used to obtain estimates of GI cancer incidence and 95% uncertainty intervals, including the number of cases, crude incidence rate and age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR).

Ventricular Discordance as an MRI Phenotype Provides Prognostic Value Among Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: In arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), left ventricle-dominant presentation has poorer outcomes than right-dominant presentation, suggesting that interventricular functional disparity might play a role in patients' prognosis. However, the prognostic impact of ventricular functional discordance in ACM patients remains unknown.

Purpose: To assess whether ventricular functional disparity measured as ventricular discordance index, defined as the ratio of right-ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) to left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), might reveal prognostic disparities between phenotypes and offer added risk stratification value.

CD147 mitochondria translocation induced airway remodeling in asthmatic mouse models by regulating M2 macrophage polarization via ANT1-mediated mitophagy.

CD147 has the potential to serve as a specific target with therapeutic characteristics in several respiratory diseases. Studies have demonstrated that CD147 regulates levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through the process of mitochondrial translocations. However, there is still limited insight in the distinct mechanism of CD147 in asthmatic macrophages.

Exposure to Bisphenol A jeopardizes decidualization and consequently triggers preeclampsia by up-regulating CYP1B1.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related disease that poses a significant threat to the health of both the mother and the fetus. Previous studies have primarily focused on the role of the placenta in PE pathogenesis; however, normal decidualization is crucial for the subsequent development of the placenta and pregnancy. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor commonly used in the synthesis of polycarbonate and epoxy resins.

Learnable color space conversion and fusion for stain normalization in pathology images.

Variations in hue and contrast are common in H&E-stained pathology images due to differences in slide preparation across various institutions. Such stain variations, while not affecting pathologists much in diagnosing the biopsy, pose significant challenges for computer-assisted diagnostic systems, leading to potential underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis, especially when stain differentiation introduces substantial heterogeneity across datasets from different sources. Traditional stain normalization methods, aimed at mitigating these issues, often require labor-intensive selection of appropriate templates, limiting their practicality and automation.

The Words Children Hear and See: Lexical Diversity Across-Modalities and Its Impact on Lexical Development.

Early vocabulary development benefits from diverse lexical exposures within children's language environment. However, the influence of lexical diversity on children as they enter middle childhood and are exposed to multimodal language inputs remains unclear. This study evaluates global and local aspects of lexical diversity in three 1.

Roles of blood monocytes carrying TREM2 mutation in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic potential in APP/PS1 mice.

Introduction: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) arginine-47-histidine (R47H) mutation is a significant risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with unclear mechanisms. Previous studies focused on microglial amyloid-β (Aβ) phagocytosis with less attention on the impact of TREM2 mutation on blood monocytes.

Methods: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models were used to assess the contribution of blood monocytes carrying TREM2 mutation to AD.

Reticulating Crystalline Porous Materials for Asymmetric Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Asymmetric catalysis is essential for addressing the increasing demand for enantiopure compounds. Recent advances in reticular chemistry have demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess highly regular porous architectures, exceptional tunability, and the ability to incorporate chiral functionalities through their open channels or cavities. These characteristics make them highly effective and enantioselective catalysts for a wide range of asymmetric transformations.

Large Dipole Moment Enhanced CO Adsorption on Copper Surface: Achieving 68.9% Catalytic Ethylene Faradaic Efficiency at 1.0 A cm.

The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into hydrocarbon products emerges as a pivotal sustainable strategy for carbon utilization. Cu-based catalysts are currently prioritized as the most effective means for this process, yet it remains a long-term goal to achieve high product selectivity at elevated current densities. This study delved into exploring the influence of a topological poly(2-aminoazulene) with a substantial dipole moment on modulating the Cu surface dipole field to augment the catalytic activity involved in CO reduction.

Mechano-Responsive Biomaterials for Bone Organoid Construction.

Mechanical force is essential for bone development, bone homeostasis, and bone fracture healing. In the past few decades, various biomaterials have been developed to provide mechanical signals that mimic the natural bone microenvironment, thereby promoting bone regeneration. Bone organoids, emerging as a novel research approach, are 3D micro-bone tissues that possess the ability to self-renew and self-organize, exhibiting biomimetic spatial characteristics.

Deciphering the role of the MALT1-RC3H1 axis in regulating GPX4 protein stability.

Ferroptosis, a unique form of iron-dependent cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation accumulation, holds great promise for cancer therapy. Despite the crucial role of GPX4 in regulating ferroptosis, our understanding of GPX4 protein regulation remains limited. Through FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screening, we identified MALT1 as a regulator of GPX4 protein.

Tamsulosin ameliorates bone loss by inhibiting the release of Cl through wedging into an allosteric site of TMEM16A.

TMEM16A, a key calcium-activated chloride channel, is crucial for many physiological and pathological processes such as cancer, hypertension, and osteoporosis, etc. However, the regulatory mechanism of TMEM16A is poorly understood, limiting the discovery of effective modulators. Here, we unveil an allosteric gating mechanism by presenting a high-resolution cryo-EM structure of TMEM16A in complex with a channel inhibitor that we identified, Tamsulosin, which is resolved at 2.

Elucidation of a distinct photoreduction pathway in class II photolyase.

Class II photolyases (PLs) are a distant subclade in the photolyase/cryptochrome superfamily, displaying a unique Trp-Tyr tetrad for photoreduction and exhibiting a lower quantum yield (QY) of DNA repair (49%) than class I photolyases (82%) [M. Zhang, L. Wang, S.

Two New Cardiac Glycosides from Streblus asper.

Two undescribed cardiac glycosides, strasperoside K (1) and L (2), together with five known analogues (3-7), were isolated from Streblus asper Lour. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The inhibitory activities of isolated compounds against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and six strains of pathogenic bacteria were evaluated.

Msx1-Modified Rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Rotator Cuff Repair: A Comprehensive Analysis of Tendon-Bone Healing and Cellular Mechanisms.

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Msx1-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in enhancing tendon-bone healing in rotator cuff injuries. BMSCs were genetically modified to overexpress Msx1 and were evaluated in vitro for their proliferation, migration, and differentiation potential. Results demonstrated that Msx1 overexpression significantly increased BMSC proliferation and migration while inhibiting osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation.

A Distinguished Roadmap of Fibroblast Senescence in Predicting Immunotherapy Response and Prognosis Across Human Cancers.

The resistance of tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may be intricately linked to cellular senescence, although definitive clinical validation remains elusive. In this study, comprehensive pan-cancer scRNA-seq analyses identify fibroblasts as exhibiting the most pronounced levels of cellular senescence among tumor-associated cell populations. To elucidate this phenomenon, a fibroblast senescence-associated transcriptomic signature (FSS), which correlated strongly with protumorigenic signaling pathways and immune dysregulation that fosters tumor progression, is developed.

IMPDH2 dephosphorylation under FGFR signaling promotes S-phase progression and tumor growth.

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) is highly expressed in human cancers; however, its physiological relevance under growth signaling remains to be investigated. Here, we show that IMPDH2 serine 122 is phosphorylated by CDK1, and this modification attenuates the catalytic activity of IMPDH2 for IMP oxidation and simultaneously represses its allosteric modulation by purine nucleotides. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling activation triggers IMPDH2-Ser122 dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is dependent on FGFR3-mediated PPP2R1A-Tyr261 phosphorylation leading to PPP2CA-PPP2R1A-IMPDH2 interactions.

Son Preference, Household Wealth Status, and Desire for More Children in the Context of Polygyny in Pakistan.

Introduction: The study explores the relationship between son preference and the desire for more children in the context of polygyny in Pakistan. It also highlights the link between household wealth status and son preference.

Methods: Data analysis entails logistic regression and simple linear regression tests utilizing data from the Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018.

The application of omalizumab in children with atopic diseases complicated by nephrotic syndrome: a case report.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) and atopic diseases are linked through shared immunological pathways, with allergic triggers often contributing to NS relapses, particularly in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated pathways. Omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting free and cell-bound IgE, is commonly used in treating atopic diseases. We presented a pediatric case with a history of eczema, asthma, and recurrent atopic rhinitis, who first developed NS at age three, responding well to steroid therapy.