DPP-4 Inhibitors Suppress Tau Phosphorylation and Promote Neuron Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Mellitus.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been considered as incretin-based agents that signal through GLP-1R. Our high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics methods indicated that GLP-1R, downregulated in diabetes mellitus (DM), was a potential target of DPP-4 inhibitors, which was further confirmed in DM rats. Thus, this study illuminated the alleviatory mechanism of DPP-4 on cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM), which may be associated with GLP-1R signaling.

Correlation between gut microbiota and the development of Graves' disease: A prospective study.

The association between gut microbiota and development of Graves' disease (GD) remains unclear. This study aimed to profile the gut microbiota of 65 patients newly diagnosed with GD before and after treatment and 33 physical examination personnel via 16S rRNA sequencing. Significant differences in the gut microbiota composition were observed between the two groups, showing relative bacterial abundances of 1 class, 1 order, 5 families, and 14 genera.

A subtype of laminopathies: Generalized lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndrome caused by LMNA gene c.29C>T mutation.

The term laminopathies refers to a group of congenital diseases characterized by accelerated degeneration of human tissues. Mutations in LMNA, LMNB, ZMPSTE24, and other genes lead to structural and functional abnormalities associated with lamins. One subtype of laminopathy is the generalized lipodystrophy-associated progeroid syndrome (GLPS), which occurs in patients with heterozygous mutations of the LMNA gene c.

Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The incidence of T2DM is increasing globally, and a growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of this disease. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine-N-oxide, tryptophan and indole derivatives, and short-chain fatty acids, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, playing a key role in the host-microbe crosstalk.

Structural characterization and anti-lipotoxicity effects of a pectin from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench).

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is rich in various bioactive ingredients and used as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine. In the present study, to find the polysaccharide with anti-lipotoxicity effects from okra and clarify its structure, a pectin OP-1 was purified from okra, which had a backbone containing →4)-α-GalpA-(1 → residues, and 1,5-Ara linked the main chain through the O-3 of the residue →3,4)-α-GalpA-(1→, and the C-6 of residue 1, 4-α-GalpA replaced by methyl ester.

Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating Mitophagy via the SIRT1-PGC-1alpha-TFAM Pathway.

The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has become a new strategy for treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the role of placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) in DKD remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic application and molecular mechanism of P-MSCs on DKD from the perspective of podocyte injury and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy at the animal, cellular, and molecular levels.

Resveratrol improves diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction in part through the miR-146a-5p/TXNIP axis.

Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in various central nervous system disorders, although the role of RSV in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction is still not fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether RSV improved diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. We induced a rat diabetic model with a high-fat and high-sucrose diet followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and a diabetic neuron cell model by stimulation with high levels of glucose.

Correlations between circulating methylmalonic acid levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with diabetes.

Aims: Evidence regarding serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels and mortality in individuals with diabetes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between MMA and all-cause and cause-specific deaths in patients with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This is a population-based cohort study based on data from both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and National Death Index from 1999 to 2014.

Diabetes duration and types of diabetes treatment in data-driven clusters of patients with diabetes.

Background: This study aimed to cluster patients with diabetes and explore the association between duration of diabetes and diabetes treatment choices in each cluster.

Methods: A Two-Step cluster analysis was performed on 1332 Chinese patients with diabetes based on six parameters (glutamate decarboxylase antibodies, age at disease onset, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostatic model assessment 2 to estimate β-cell function and insulin resistance). Associations between the duration of diabetes and diabetes treatment choices in each cluster of patients were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and logistic regression models.

DPP-4 Inhibitor Improved the Cognitive Function in Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction is a major problem of the international community. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are drugs with hypoglycemic effect widely used in diabetic treatment in clinic. In this article, we studied the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin on cognitive function in diabetic rats.

Prognostic value and immunological role of BAIAP2L2 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma: A pan-cancer analysis.

Background: In recent years, the role of BAI1-associated protein 2-like 2 (BAIAP2L2) in the prognosis and immune microenvironment of various cancers has attracted increasing attention. However, its clinical value and immune infiltration in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of BAIAP2L2 and its correlation with immune infiltration in LIHC, we conducted corresponding data mining.

Risk factors and prediction models of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma based on clinical and imaging characteristics.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) commonly presents with lymph node metastasis, which may be associated with worsened prognosis. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in PTC based on preoperative clinical and imaging data and to construct a nomogram model to predict the risk of lymph node metastasis.

Methods: A total of 989 patients with PTC were enrolled and randomly divided into training and validation cohorts in an 8:2 ratio.

Association Between Serum Albumin Level and Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: To analyze the associations between serum albumin (sALB) level and diabetic microvascular complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This retrospective study included 951 hospitalized patients with T2DM who had completed screening for DR and DKD during hospitalization. Patients were divided into three groups according to sALB tertiles.

Effects of high-fat diet on thyroid autoimmunity in the female rat.

Background: While contributions of dyslipidemia to autoimmune diseases have been described, its impact on thyroid autoimmunity (TA) is less clear. Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint is crucial in preventing autoimmune attack while its blockade exacerbates TA. We thus unveiled the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on TA, focusing on the contribution of PD-1/PD-L1.

Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Markers Can Predict Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Objective: Inflammation is related to the occurrence and development of various cancers. This study was designed to explore the role of peripheral blood platelet count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count-lymphocyte count ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), and other inflammatory markers in predicting benign and malignant Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) grade 3 thyroid nodules.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 514 patients with TI-RADS grade 3 thyroid nodules were enrolled.

GLP-1 Analog Alleviated Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Rats Anaesthetized with Sevoflurane.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia is a major problem in the aging society. Sevoflurane is the most widely applied anesthetic in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated the effects of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on cognitive function in aged rats anesthetized by sevoflurane.

A case report of Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 12: large fragment deletion in gene with literature review.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is one type of monogenic diabetes that is often misdiagnosed. The case refers to a case of maturity-onset diabetes of the young 12 (MODY12) who was misdiagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and this was the first case of MODY12 induced by a large deletion of the ATP-binding cassette transporter C8 gene (). Additionally, a literature review was conducted regarding the pathological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of -mutated diabetes.

Association Between Serum Albumin Levels and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Effect Modification of Body Mass Index.

Background: The role of serum albumin in the risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between serum albumin level and DPN, and to examine any possible effect modifiers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiangxi, China, from May 2012 to December 2014.

Altered spontaneous brain activity patterns in patients with diabetic retinopathy using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by prolonged elevation of blood glucose due to various causes. Currently, the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and altered connectivity of brain function is unclear.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between this brain activity and clinical manifestations and behaviors of DR patients by using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) technique.

Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Shift the Gut Microbiota Composition and Induce Insulin Resistance in Mice.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the associations between gut microbiota characteristics and glycometabolic profiles in mice fed diets high in advanced glycation end products (AGEs).

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a heat-treated diet or exogenous AGEs for 24 weeks, and glucose metabolism was assessed via the intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test (IPGTT). Serum AGE and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) levels were quantified using ELISA kits.