The human 18S rRNA m6A methyltransferase METTL5 promotes tumorigenesis via DEPDC1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the post-transcriptional modifications and abnormal m6A is critical for cancer initiation, progression, metastasis in Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) accounts for most of the total cellular RNA, however, the functions and molecular mechanisms underlying rRNA modifications in LUSC remained largely unclear.

Methods: High-throughput library screening identifies the key m6A regulator METTL5 in LUSC.

Boundary information-guided adversarial diffusion model for efficient unsupervised synthetic CT generation.

Background: The absence of tissue electron density information derived from greyscale Hounsfield units (HUs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) limits its further clinical application in radiotherapy (RT). The use of synthetic computed tomography (sCT) with MRI simplifies RT treatment and improves positioning accuracy by eliminating the need for computed tomography (CT) simulation with radiation dose and error-prone image registration. Although CycleGAN and its variants can obtain verisimilar sCT through unsupervised learning, ensuring perfect structural consistency of the synthesized images in this approach remains challenging, and thus limiting the quality and diversity of the images synthesized for a given application.

Deubiquitination enzyme USP35 negatively regulates MAVS signaling to inhibit anti-tumor immunity.

The RIG-I/MAVS signaling stimulates anti-tumor immunity by triggering the production of inflammatory cytokines. Activation of MAVS induced by viral RNA and RIG-I binding is critical in this pathway. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of MAVS activity and its function in anti-tumor immunity is not fully understood.

Luteolin: exploring its therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms in pulmonary diseases.

Luteolin is a flavonoid widely found in plants, including vegetables, botanical drugs, and fruits. Owing to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, oxidative stress protection, anti-inflammatory, and neuron-preserving effects, luteolin has attracted attention in research and medicine. Luteolin exhibits therapeutic effects on various pulmonary disease models through multiple molecular mechanisms; these include inhibition of activation of the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as the promotion of regulatory T cell (Treg) function and enhancement of alveolar epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity (alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress responses).

Metabolic syndrome and increased susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma - a meta-analysis.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been demonstrated to be associated with various types of cancer, but its specific relationship with kidney cancer remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study conducts a Meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the potential link between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney cancer development.

Methods: Observational studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

Combined with the semantic features of CT and selected clinical variables, a machine learning model for accurately predicting the prognosis of Omicron was established.

Objectives: To efficiently use medical resources and offer optimal personalized treatment for individuals with Omicron infection, it is vital to predict the disease's outcome early on. This research developed three machine learning models to foresee the results for Omicron-infected patients.

Methods: Data from 253 Omicron-infected patients, including their CT scans, clinical details, and relevant laboratory values, were studied.

Advances in small extracellular vesicles: roles in the tumor microenvironment and epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), one of the most prevalent subtypes of ovarian cancer, has a 5-year survival rate of less than 30%, highlighting the urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The tumor microenvironment (TME), a critical regulator of tumor progression, includes various components, among which small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) serve as important molecular carriers, having gained attention as significant contributors to cancer biology. These vesicles, released by cells into the extracellular space, are pivotal in the pathogenesis of EOC.

Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Co-Infection in HIV/AIDS Individuals: Clinical Diagnosis, Consequences and Treatments.

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) was named for its role as the causative agent of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), which is MCV positive in approximately 80% of cases. MCV is classified as a Group 2A carcinogen, which promotes carcinogenesis by integrating T-antigen into the cell genome. The prevalence of anti-MCV antibodies in the general population can be as high as 90%.

Assessing the Therapeutic Value of Primary Tumor Resection in Colorectal Cancer Lung Metastases: A Dynamic Visualization Clinical Tool Constructed Based on the SEER Database.

Background: The efficacy of primary tumor resection (PTR) for colorectal cancer lung metastases (CRLM) is unclear. This study used the SEER database to investigate if PTR improves prognosis in CRLM patients and developed a nomogram to predict the likelihood of benefiting from PTR.

Methods: Patients with CRLM from the SEER database (2010-2019) were included.

Research trends on stereotactic radiosurgery in brain metastases: a bibliometric analysis from 2013 to 2023.

Background: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common type of intracranial tumor and the leading cause of mortality in patients with systemic cancer. In recent years, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been widely used in the radiotherapy of BM due to its advantages of high positional accuracy and highly conformal dose distributions. However, this area lacks a bibliometric analysis.

Agarose Gel-Coated Nanochannel Biosensor for Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Unprocessed Whole Blood Samples.

Solid-state nanopore/nanochannel biosensors have rapidly advanced due to their high sensitivity, label-free detection, and fast response. However, detecting biomarkers directly in complex biological environments, particularly whole blood, remains challenging because of nonspecific protein adsorption and nanopore/nanochannel clogging. Here, a DNA aptamer functionalized nanochannel biosensor is developed with excellent antifouling properties, achieved by coating the nanochannel surface with agarose gel.

Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 promotes colorectal cancer growth by inactivating p53.

Tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that exhibits divergent roles in various cancer types (oncogenic and anti-oncogenic). This study investigates the interaction of TRIM26 with the tumor suppressor protein p53 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by performing a comprehensive set of biochemical, cell-based assays, and xenograft experiments. As a result, we found that overexpression of TRIM26 significantly enhances CRC cell proliferation and colony formation, while knockdown of TRIM26 suppresses these processes.

First-Line Sugemalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: The GEMSTONE-303 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Gastric cancer, including gastroesophageal junction cancer, is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, with high mortality. Sugemalimab is a fully human anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody. The combination of sugemalimab and chemotherapy showed promising antitumor activity and safety in a phase 1b study among patients with treatment-naive, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Integrative analysis of genetic variability and functional traits in lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells via single-cell RNA sequencing, GWAS, bayesian deconvolution, and machine learning.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, characterized by high genetic and cellular heterogeneity, especially within the tumor microenvironment.

Objective: This study integrates single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using Bayesian deconvolution and machine learning techniques to unravel the genetic and functional complexity of lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells.

Methods: We performed scRNA-seq and GWAS analysis to identify critical cell populations affected by genetic variations.

Efficacy and optimal duration of maintenance immunotherapy following systemic chemoimmunotherapy and locoregional radiotherapy in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

This study evaluates the efficacy, optimal duration, and target population for maintenance immunotherapy (MI) in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (dmNPC) who have achieved disease control following systemic treatment. A multicenter retrospective cohort study included 258 patients whose disease was controlled after chemoimmunotherapy and locoregional radiotherapy. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), with conditional survival and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analyses used to determine the optimal MI duration.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Heat Shock Proteins in the Immune Microenvironment and Clinical Significance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignancy that not only imposes a substantial financial burden but also significantly impacts the quality of life and overall survival of affected individuals. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a protein class with significant involvement in safeguarding and restoring cellular integrity. They help restore proper protein structure by binding to and refolding denatured proteins.

The pharmacogenomic landscape in the Chinese: An analytics of pharmacogenetic variants in 206,640 individuals.

Pharmacogenomic landscapes and related databases are important for identifying the biomarkers of drug response and toxicity. However, these data are still lacking for the Chinese population. In this study, we constructed a pharmacogenomic landscape and an associated database using whole-genome sequencing data generated by non-invasive prenatal testing in 206,640 Chinese individuals.

Methionine Restriction Exerts Anti-Tumor Immunity via Joint Intervention of T-Bet Palmitoylation in Gastric Cancer.

Background: Methionine restriction (MR) exerts an anti-tumor immunomodulatory role. Th1 cells facilitate CD8 cytotoxic T cell activation and targeted tumor cell killing. Our previous work shows that MR enhances the immunotherapy effect of PD-L1/PD-1 blockade on gastric cancer, MR can simultaneously inhibit Th1 cell differentiation, which may affect their synergistic therapeutic outcome.

Network pharmacology unveils the intricate molecular landscape of Chrysin in breast cancer therapeutics.

Chrysin is one of the natural flavonoid compounds Sourced from various plant source, mainly in propolis and honey, demonstrates effective Cancer-suppressing properties, particularly in Breast cancer (BC). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy in breast cancer treatment have remained elusive. This study employed network pharmacology combined with a molecular docking approach to uncover the intricate details of Chrysin's impact on breast cancer.

Unveiling lactylation modification: A new hope for cancer treatment.

This review article delves into the multifaceted role of lactylation modification in antitumor therapy, revealing the complex interplay between lactylation modification and the tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic reprogramming, gene expression, and immunotherapy. As an emerging epigenetic modification, lactylation has a significant impact on the metabolic pathways of tumor cells, immune evasion, gene expression regulation, and sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Studies have shown that lactylation modification significantly alters the development and therapeutic response of tumors by affecting metabolites in the TME, immune cell functions, and signaling pathways.

Sex-specific effects of gastrointestinal microbiome disruptions on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis in INS-GAS mice.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysbiosis of gastrointestinal microbiota is associated with the development of gastric carcinogenesis. However, the sex-specific traits of gastrointestinal microbiota and their correlation with the sexually dimorphic response to gastric cancer remain poorly understood.

Methods: Male and female transgenic FVB/N insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice as a model of gastric cancer were randomly administered Brucella Broth or Helicobacter pylori (H.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for assessing pre-operative lymphatic vessel function and post-operative anastomotic patency in lymphatic-venous anastomosis: a retrospective observational study.

Rationale And Objectives: Lymphedema represents a significant global health challenge, severely impacting patient quality of life. Lymphatic-venous Anastomosis （LVA） is commonly employed as an effective intervention for patients with lymphedema. However, existing imaging tests for localizing lymphatic vessels exhibit various limitations; Consequently, there is a need for a more effective comprehensive method that can be employed for both preoperative localization of lymphatic vessels and postoperative patency assessment.

The impact of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family on multidrug resistance in head and neck tumors.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family is among the largest protein superfamilies, consisting of seven subfamilies, and plays an important role in various physiological processes and in the clinical manifestations of many diseases. The early clinical signs of head and neck cancer (HNC) are often subtle, resulting in most patients being diagnosed at more advanced stages. This late diagnosis adversely affects tumor treatment, and the resistance of certain tumors to chemotherapy further poses significant challenges for clinical management.