Mortality of Head and Neck Cancer in China From 1990 to 2019: A Secondary Data Analysis.

Background: The rising global incidence of head and neck cancer imposes a growing burden on health systems. However, comprehensive analysis of mortality trends, particularly age, period, and cohort effects, remains limited.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate head and neck cancer mortality trends in China from 1990 to 2019, with a focus on age, period, and cohort effects.

Efficient Metabolomics Profiling from Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Enables Accurate Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer.

Accurate diagnosis of early gastric cancer is valuable for asymptomatic populations, while current endoscopic examination combined with pathological tissue biopsy often encounters bottlenecks for early-stage cancer and causes pain to patients. Liquid biopsy shows promise for noninvasive diagnosis of early gastric cancer; however, it remains a challenge to achieve accurate diagnosis due to the lack of highly sensitive and specific biomarkers. Herein, we propose a protocol combining metabolomics profiling from plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and machine learning to identify the metabolomics discrepancies of early gastric cancer individuals from other populations.

Compound cancer with small cell carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary: a case report and literature review.

Primary small cell carcinoma of the ovary is an extremely rare and highly malignant ovarian malignancy. The tissue origin of this type of cancer is still unclear, and it is characterized by rapid progression and a discouraging prognosis. The clinical presentation of small cell carcinoma of the ovary lacks specificity, and there are currently no effective treatment options available.

Big data analysis and machine learning of the role of cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (CuLncs) in the prognosis and immune landscape of ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a severe malignant tumor with a significant threat to women's health, characterized by a high mortality rate and poor prognosis despite conventional treatments such as cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Cuproptosis, a novel form of cell death triggered by copper ion accumulation, has shown potential in cancer therapy, particularly through the involvement of CuLncs. This study aims to identify risk signatures associated with CuLncs in OC, construct a prognostic model, and explore potential therapeutic drugs and the impact of CuLncs on OC cell behavior.

Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Melatonin, also known as the pineal hormone, is secreted by the pineal gland and primarily regulates circadian rhythms. Additionally, it possesses immunomodulatory properties and anticancer effects. However, its specific mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, particularly regarding its effect on HCC-mediated immune escape through PD-L1 expression.

PD-1/CTLA-4 antibody AK104 in advanced solid tumors after PD/PD-L1 treatment failure: A retrospective cohort study.

AK104 is a novel antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of AK104 in treating patients with advanced solid tumors who failed prior programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD/PD-L1) therapies. Clinical data from 135 patients with advanced solid tumors who failed PD/PD-L1 therapies were retrospectively analyzed.

p53 activates circASCC3 to repress R-loops and enhance resistance to chemotherapy.

The tumor suppressor p53 can trigger tumor resistance to chemotherapy by facilitating DNA damage repair and maintaining genomic integrity. Here, we report that a p53-induced circular RNA circASCC3 promotes chemotherapeutic resistance by resolving R-loops. Our results reveal that p53 directly activates the transcription of , the host gene of circASCC3.

USP5 Promotes Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via mTOR Signaling Pathway.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by limited prognostic markers and treatment options, contributing to high mortality rates. While Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) has been implicated in various cancers, its role in HNSCC remains poorly understood.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the role of USP5 in the progression of HNSCC and explore its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.

LncRNA CASC2 mediates SOCS6 mRNA stabilization via U2AF2 recruitment to modulate macrophage polarisation in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss among diabetic individuals. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of DR by releasing cytokines and exosomal cargo, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that modulate local immune responses, maintain retinal immune homeostasis and influence macrophage polarisation. Recent studies suggest that lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) may be involved in the regulation of DR progression.

The m6A reader IGF2BP3 promotes HCC progression by enhancing MCM10 stability.

Abnormal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications were associated with the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cancer. However, the functions and mechanisms of m6A regulators in cancer remained largely elusive and should be explored. Here, we identified that insulin like growth Factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was specifically overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee Expert Consensus on Selected Common Clinical Issues in Parathyroid Ultrasound (2024 Edition).

Parathyroid ultrasound is widely used in clinical practice and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid diseases. Nevertheless, ultrasound physicians frequently encounter a number of challenges and doubts in their professional practice. For this reason, Superficial Organs and Peripheral Vessels Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering has formulated the expert consensus on certain common clinical problems of parathyroid ultrasound based on the current research progress and clinical experience, in order to guide the clinical practice.

Mechanistic Insights into SENP1 and OCT4 Interaction in Promoting Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Features in Colon Cancer.

This study explores the molecular mechanism by which sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) promotes cisplatin (Cis) resistance and tumor stem cell characteristics in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) through desumoylation-mediated modification of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4). By analyzing single-cell and transcriptome sequencing datasets, we identified key genes and regulatory pathways in both resistant and sensitive COAD cells. Malignant cells were isolated and evaluated for stemness using the infercnv package, and differential genes between Cis-resistant and -sensitive groups were identified.

Beyond the tumor region: Peritumoral radiomics enhances prognostic accuracy in locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: The peritumoral region possesses attributes that promote cancer growth and progression. However, the potential prognostic biomarkers in this region remain relatively underexplored in radiomics.

Aim: To investigate the prognostic value and importance of peritumoral radiomics in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).

Gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy.

Background: We investigated the utility of gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) as a predictive indicator for postoperative survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across different time periods and developed a predictive model based on this.

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of GLR for overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC and its impact over time.

Methods: This study enrolled 301 patients with HCC treated with curative hepatectomy.

Mechanisms underlining R-loop biology and implications for human disease.

R-loops are three-stranded non-canonical nucleic acid structures composed of nascent RNA hybridized with the template DNA strand, leaving the non-template DNA strand displaced. These structures play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and transcription processes. However, R-loops have also been increasingly described as highly deleterious, causing genomic instability and DNA damage.

Individualized therapy guided by single-cell sequencing in anti-GABAR encephalitis.

We presented a patient with refractory anti-GABA-R encephalitis, and constructed libraries for single-cell sequencing from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cerebrospinal fluid cells, as well as four healthy volunteer's PBMCs. A distinct group of monoclonal CD8 T cells and an abnormal JAK-STAT signaling pathway was implicated in the disease. The cross-reactive protein LIM-domain-only protein 5 (LMO5) identified in the patient's thymoma, prompted the activation of the specific CD8 T cells.

Diagnostic value of deep learning of multimodal imaging of thyroid for TI-RADS category 3-5 classification.

Background: Thyroid nodules classified within the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TI-RADS) category 3-5 are typically regarded as having varying degrees of malignancy risk, with the risk increasing from TI-RADS 3 to TI-RADS 5. While some of these nodules may undergo fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy to assess their nature, this procedure carries a risk of false negatives and inherent complications. To avoid the need for unnecessary biopsy examination, we explored a method for distinguishing the benign and malignant characteristics of thyroid TI-RADS 3-5 nodules based on deep-learning ultrasound images combined with computed tomography (CT).

Toosendanin promotes prostate cancer cell apoptosis, ferroptosis and M1 polarization via USP39-mediated PLK1 deubiquitination.

Toosendanin (TSN) can inhibit the malignant process of many cancers, and has the potential to be developed as an anti-tumor drug. However, the role and mechanism of TSN in prostate cancer (PCa) progression remain unclear. PCa cells (DU145 and LNCaP) were treated with TSN.

Relationship between BMI and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients: a dose-response meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in cancer patients.

Methods: We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of 10 studies involving 6,841 cancer patients. Studies reporting BMI and CIPN outcomes were selected.

Self-synergy-powered Ni/Fe nanocube-based cholesterol detection with dual modes.

Nanoenzyme-leveraged multimode detection would benefit enhancing sensitivity and mitigating detection error. Moreover, multienzyme-like nanozymes hold tremendous potential in sensing by offering synergistic effects and cascaded catalysis. Herein, cost-effective multienzymic Ni/Fe nanocubes (Ni/FeNCs) were synthesized via a facile co-precipitation, and verified to catalyze HO decomposition as peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) mimics.

DNA Receptor Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling Pathway Plays a Major Immunomodulatory Role in Neonatal Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of neonatal acute lung injury (NALI) and the mechanistic role of the DNA sensor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway in treatment, Methods: This study enrolled 76 cases of NALI, randomly divided into 38 cases in the experimental group (intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin on the basis of nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation treatment) and 38 cases in the control group (nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation treatment). The pulmonary function parameters (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC), TLR9 signaling pathway-related proteins and mRNA levels (TLR9, MyD88, p38), inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), and immune function indicators (immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM) were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between TLR9 signaling pathway protein expression and immune function indicators.

An Intervertebral Disc (IVD) Regeneration Model Using Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells (iHNPCs) and Annulus Fibrosus Cells (iHAFCs).

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD), primarily caused by nucleus pulposus (NP) dehydration, leads to low back pain. While current treatments focus on symptom management or surgical intervention, tissue engineering using IVD-derived cells, biofactors, and scaffolds offers a promising regenerative approach. Here, human NP cells (NPCs) and annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) are immortalized with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), generating immortalized NPCs (iHNPCs) and AFCs (iHAFCs).

Neuropilin-1-target self-assembled peptide nanoparticles contribute to tumor treatment by inducing pyroptosis.

Background: Expression of the Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is reported in malignant cells of multiple human tumor types represented as a tumor marker. Targeting NRP1 with a peptide, CK3, is used for tumor molecular imaging, raising the question of the therapeutic potential of CK2, a peptide with a CK3 backbone which enhanced targeting and tumor enrichment properties.

Methods: The tumor targeting and enrichment capacity of CK2 was detected by IncuCyte, flow cytometry and animal living imaging.

The role and mechanism of CHMP4C in poor prognosis and drug sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Chromatin modified protein 4C (CHMP4C) is a charged polyvesicular protein (CHMP) that is involved in the composition of the endosomal sorting complex (ESCRT-III) required for transport III and promotes the necessary separation of daughter cells. CHMP4C involved in a wide variety of tumor progress, such as prostate cancer, cervical cancer and lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, the value of CHMP4C in lung adenocarcinoma has not been explored.