Association between sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices and type 2 diabetic microvascular complications in euthyroid patients.

The correlation between thyroid hormone (TH) sensitivity and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the association between TH sensitivity and the risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic neuropathy (DNP) in euthyroid T2DM patients. This study included a total of 946 hospitalized T2DM patients and calculated their sensitivity to the TH index, and each patient completed screenings for DKD, DR, and DNP.

E3 ubiquitination ligase XIAP lightens diabetes-induced cognitive impairment by inactivating TXNIP-ERS-mediated neuronal injury.

Diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a neurological disorder associated with diabetes, characterized by cognitive impairment driven by neuronal injury from chronic high glucose (HG) exposure. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)/thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) in hippocampal neuron cell death and cognitive function within DCD models. A diabetic rat model was established using a high-fat/sucrose diet and streptozotocin injection.

An Association between Bilirubin and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Effect Modification by Nrf2 Polymorphisms.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a persistent microvascular complication associated with diabetes, and it constitutes a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and the prevalence of DR in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, we sought to establish whether the polymorphisms of Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) might modify this relationship.

Interaction of proteinuria and diabetes on the risk of cardiovascular events: a prospective cohort CKD-ROUTE study.

Objective: We evaluated the interaction of urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) with diabetes on the risk of cardiovascular events in a cohort study.

Methods: The study population consisted of 639 participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2-5, enrolled between 2010 and 2011 in Japan. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the independent and combined effects of the UPCR and diabetes on cardiovascular events.

Causal relationship between T2DM microvascular complications and gut microbiota: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Gowing number of studies have demonstrated the association between gut microbiome and T2DM microvascular complications, however the causal relationship remains unclear. Therefore, we using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate this causal relation.

Methods: Using gut microbiome data from the International MiBioGen Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) and T2DM microvascular complications data from the FinnGen Consortium GWAS to perform MR analyses.

Association between previous consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and diabetes remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic ketoacidosis.

This study examined the potential correlation between the immoderate intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the subsequent rate of diabetes remission (DR). 206 individuals who met the eligibility criteria between January 2019 and June 2022 were recruited. Inquiries were conducted to gather information on the participants' beverage consumption before the onset.

Prediction of TNFRSF9 expression and molecular pathological features in thyroid cancer using machine learning to construct Pathomics models.

Background: The TNFRSF9 molecule is pivotal in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) development. This study utilizes Pathomics techniques to predict TNFRSF9 expression in THCA tissue and explore its molecular mechanisms.

Methods: Transcriptome data, pathology images, and clinical information from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) were analyzed.

Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome with Excessive Height Growth Combined with Congenital Absence of the Uterus and Ovaries: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Aim: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a relatively rare disease. Patients with this disease usually have different degrees of short stature in adulthood. The purpose of this case report is to highlight a special case of unusually elongated limbs with excessive height growth and congenital absence of uterus and ovary, so as to improve clinicians understanding of the atypical manifestations of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with FICZ regulates IL-2 and immune infiltration to alleviate Hashimoto's thyroiditis in mice.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most frequent autoimmune disorder. Growing work points to the involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, in the regulation of immune homeostasis. However, the roles of AhR and its ligands in HT remains unclear.

Association Between Liver Fibrosis Score and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of Hospitalized Patients.

Objectives: To investigate the association between liver fibrosis score and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 897 hospitalized patients with T2DM were included in this study. Each patient completed DKD screening.

Graph theoretical analysis and independent component analysis of diabetic optic neuropathy: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON).

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks.

Body mass index modifies the effect of urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio on chronic kidney disease progression.

Background: This study aimed to determine the association between the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in a cohort study, and to determine whether body mass index (BMI) modifies this association.

Methods: The study population consisted of 856 hypertensive patients with CKD stages 2-5, enrolled between 2010 and 2011 in Japan. Generalized linear models with a logit link were used to evaluate the independent and combined effects of the UPCR and BMI on CKD progression RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 25 months, 242 patients developed CKD progression during follow-up.

Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancers: Risky Correlation, Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Prevention.

The incidences of thyroid cancer and diabetes are rapidly increasing worldwide. The relationship between thyroid cancer and diabetes is a popular topic in medicine. Increasing evidence has shown that diabetes increases the risk of thyroid cancer to a certain extent.

Liraglutide improves sevoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction via activating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication in elderly patients. Liraglutide (LRG) has high homology (97%) with natural glucagon like peptide-1, and it has been proved to be effective in some nervous system diseases. Whether LRG could regulate POCD has not been reported.

Thermal ablation for multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Clinical studies have indicated the potential safety and efficacy of thermal ablation (TA) in treating multifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (MPTMC). However, a comprehensive systematic evaluation of its effectiveness was still lack.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies published until October 23, 2023, that reported on the effectiveness of thermal ablation in the management of MPTMC.

Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against diabetic kidney disease by upregulating autophagy-mediated SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. Although studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for DKD, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we explored the renoprotective effect of placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs) and the potential mechanism of SIRT1/FOXO1 pathway-mediated autophagy in DKD.

Edible traditional Chinese medicines improve type 2 diabetes by modulating gut microbiotal metabolites.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Despite the availability of various oral medications for controlling the condition, reports of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes persist, possibly involving unknown pathogenic mechanisms. In recent years, the gut microbiota have emerged as a highly promising target for T2DM treatment, with the metabolites produced by gut microbiota serving as crucial intermediaries connecting gut microbiota and strongly related to T2DM.

Retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in the diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction in severely obese population: a new approach.

Aim: To study retinal microvascular and microstructural alterations in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in severely obese population using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Twelve MGD patients with severely obese population (PAT group; 24 eyes) and 12 healthy controls (HC group; 24 eyes) were recruited. OCTA images were segmented into five [superior (S), nasal (N), inferior (I), temporal (T), and central foveal (C)] or nine [inner superior (IS), outer superior (OS), inner nasal (IN), outer nasal (ON), inner inferior (II), outer inferior (OI), inner temporal (IT), outer temporal (OT), and C] subregions.

Landscape of infiltrating immune cells and related genes in diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the prominent microvascular complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of DKD. Currently, only a few studies depict the landscape of infiltrating immune cells and their potential regulatory network in DKD.

Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation to Determine Disturbed Spontaneous Brain-Activity Pattern in Patients with Diabetic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the spontaneous brain activity in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) by using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) technique.

Methods: Sixteen DON patients and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. ALFF along with functional MRI method was used to detect the intrinsic brain activity alterations.

Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate diabetic kidney disease by modulating the T helper 17 cell/ regulatory T-cell balance through the programmed death 1 / programmed death-ligand 1 pathway.

Aim: To investigate the therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory mechanisms of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: Streptozotocin-induced DKD rats were administered an equivalent volume of saline or PMSCs (1 × 10 in 2 mL phosphate-buffered saline per rat) for 3 weeks. Eight weeks after treatment, we examined the biochemical parameters in the blood and urine, the ratio of T helper 17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in the blood, cytokine levels in the kidney and blood, and renal histopathological changes.

DPP-4 Inhibitors Suppress Tau Phosphorylation and Promote Neuron Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetic Mellitus.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been considered as incretin-based agents that signal through GLP-1R. Our high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics methods indicated that GLP-1R, downregulated in diabetes mellitus (DM), was a potential target of DPP-4 inhibitors, which was further confirmed in DM rats. Thus, this study illuminated the alleviatory mechanism of DPP-4 on cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM), which may be associated with GLP-1R signaling.