Dietary supplementation of distiller's grains yeast cultures improves performance and immunity by altering the intestinal flora of broilers.

Background: Distiller's grains are a by-product of liquor production with a higher yield than liquor. Developing and utilizing distiller's grains well could alleviate the problem of scarce feed resources. Our present experiment was conducted with 6000 yellow-feathered broilers to study the effects of adding distiller's grains yeast cultures (DGYC) to the diet on growth performance and immunity of broilers.

Green Light Mitigates Cyclic Chronic Heat-Stress-Induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via NF-κB Pathway Inhibition in Geese.

Heat stress (HS) induces various physiological disorders in poultry, negatively impacting feed intake, feed efficiency, and growth performance. Considering the documented anti-stress and growth-promoting benefits of monochromatic green light in poultry, we aimed to investigate its effects on cyclic chronic HS-induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in geese. We established three treatment groups-geese exposed to white light (W), white light with HS treatment (WH), and green light with HS treatment (GH)-treated over a six-week period with daily HS sessions.

Low-intensity ultrasound-assisted adaptive laboratory evolution of Bacillus velezensis for enhanced production of peptides.

This work aimed to explore low-intensity ultrasound-assisted adaptive laboratory evolution (US-ALE) of Bacillus velezensis and fermentation performance of mutant strains were investigated by nitrogen transformation metabolism. Results showed ultrasound accelerated the process of adaptive evolution and enhanced cell dry weight, amylase and protease activity of mutant strains, accompanied with the improved transformation abilities of NO-N to NH-N. Compared with original strain, the total peptide-N, peptide-N (<3 kDa) and autolytic peptide-N of mutant strains increased by the maximum 23.

Assessment of DNA mutagenicity induced by He-Ne laser using Salmonella typhimurium strains.

Helium-neon (He-Ne) laser mutagenesis is widely used in microbiology and plant breeding. In this study, two frameshift mutant representative strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA97a and TA98 and two base pair substitution types TA100 and TA102 were employed as model microorganisms to assess DNA mutagenicity induced by He-Ne laser (3 J·cm·s, 632.8 nm) for 10, 20, and 30 min.

Studies on ultrasound-mediated insertion-deletion polymorphisms of DNA and underlying mechanisms based on Ames tester strains.

Low-lethality ultrasound technology has received more and more attention in regulating microorganisms of fermentation industry. Herein, two representative Ames tester strains TA97a and TA98 as model organisms were used to explore the effects of ultrasound on insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms of microbial DNA and its underlying mechanisms. Results revealed that a promotion was observed in the reversion mutation of TA98 upon sonication.

Comparison of 3D-printed Titanium Alloy and Polyether Ether Ketone Prosthetic Beaks for an Injured Red-crowned Crane ().

The red-crowned crane () is a critically endangered species. Three-dimensional-printed prosthetic beaks made of titanium alloy and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) were used to repair the beak of a red-crowned crane that had a complete fracture of the anterior maxillary bone and rhinotheca. The physical properties and stability of the prostheses and changes in the crane's behaviors after application of either beak were evaluated.

Enhancement of growth, antioxidative status, nonspecific immunity, and disease resistance in gibel carp (Carassius auratus) in response to dietary Flos populi extract.

This study investigated the effects of dietary Flos populi extract (FPE) on the growth, antioxidation capability, innate immune response, and disease resistance in gibel carp. A total of 480 fish were fed with five different diets containing 0, 0.5, 1.

CC -NB-LRR proteins MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 interact physically to confer broad-spectrum fungal resistance in apple (Malus × domestica).

Apple leaf spot, a disease caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali and other fungal species, leads to severe defoliation and results in tremendous losses to the apple (Malus × domestica) industry in China.

Assessing the ecological risk of pesticides should not ignore the impact of their transformation byproducts - The case of chlorantraniliprole.

Risk assessments for pesticides typically focus on the compound itself ignoring the impact of its transformation byproducts. Challenges in isolating such byproducts (i.e.

In vivo toxicity evaluation of boron nitride nanosheets in Bombyx mori silkworm model.

Boron nitride nanosheets (BN NSs), a novel material with a structure similar to graphene, have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary properties. A deep in vivo study of the toxicity of BN NSs is indispensable, which can help to understand their potential risk and provide useful information for their safe application. However, so far as we know, the systematic in vivo toxicity evaluation of BN NSs hasn't been reported.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban Greenland soils of Nanjing, China: concentration, distribution, sources and potential risks.

In order to better study the influence of land use on the concentration and distribution of organic contaminants in urban areas, the concentrations of 16 principal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined on soil samples collected at three depths (0~10 cm, 10~20 cm and 20~30 cm) from urban greenland areas of 6 functional zones: residential zone (RZ), business zone (BZ), industrial zone (IZ), cultural and educational zone (CZ), urban park (UP) and urban rural forest (URF) of Nanjing, China. Results showed that the average concentration of ∑PAHs in the urban greenland of Nanjing (499.47 ng/g) was comparable to the value reported for other cities under similar conditions.

Roles of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activation and cleavage in induction of multi-oocyte ovarian follicles in the mouse by 3-nitropropionic acid.

3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is known to be a mitochondrial toxin produced by plants and fungi, which may produce DNA damage in cells. However, studies of its reproductive toxicology are lacking. We know that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) plays an important role in a large variety of physiological processes and is involved in DNA repair pathways.

A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Promoter of a Hairpin RNA Contributes to Leaf Spot Resistance in Apple ( × ).

Apple leaf spot caused by the f. sp (ALT1) fungus is one of the most devastating diseases of apple ( × ). We identified a hairpin RNA () named that produces small RNAs and is induced by ALT1 infection in 'Golden Delicious' apple.

Cloning and Differential Expression Analyses of Cdc42 from Sheep.

Introduction: Serological diagnosis of brucellosis is still a great challenge due to the infeasibility of discriminating infected animals from vaccinated ones, so it is necessary to search for diagnostic biomarkers for differential diagnosis of brucellosis.

Material And Methods: Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) from sheep () (OaCdc42) was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and then tissue distribution and differential expression levels of OaCdc42 mRNA between infected and vaccinated sheep were analysed by RT-qPCR.

Results: The full-length cDNA of OaCdc42 was 1,609 bp containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 576 bp.

Comparative expression analysis identifies the respiratory transition-related miRNAs and their target genes in tissues of metamorphosing Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus).

Background: Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) undergoes a metamorphosis from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults, with concomitant transfer of respiration from gills to lungs prior to metamorphosis. These two tissues, as well as skin, were sampled to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs.

Results: High-coverage reference transcriptome was generated from combined gill, lung and skin tissues of metamorphosing juveniles, and lung tissue of adults: 86,282 unigenes with total length of approximately 77,275,634 bp and N50 of 1732 bp were obtained.

Cloning and characterization of enoate reductase with high β-ionone to dihydro-β-ionone bioconversion productivity.

Background: Dihydro-β-ionone is a principal aroma compound and has received considerable attention by flavor and fragrance industry. The traditional method of preparing dihydro-β-ionone has many drawbacks, which has restricted its industrial application. Therefore, it is necessary to find a biotechnological method to produce dihydro-β-ionone.

RNA-Seq analysis and comparison of the enzymes involved in ionone synthesis of three cultivars of Osmanthus.

To comprehend the molecular mechanisms that control the differences in the composition of Osmanthus essential oils, the RNA-seq data and differentially expressed genes in different cultivar Osmanthus were studied. cDNA libraries of "jinqiugui," "baijie," and "rixianggui" were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. All of the enzymes involved in ionone synthesis were verified.

Active H3K27me3 demethylation by KDM6B is required for normal development of bovine preimplantation embryos.

The substantial epigenetic remodeling that occurs during early stages of mammalian embryonic development likely contributes to reprogramming the parental genomes from a differentiated to a totipotent state and activation of the embryonic genome. Trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) is a repressive mark that undergoes global dynamic changes during preimplantation development of several species. To ascertain the role of H3K27me3 in bovine preimplantation development we perturbed the activity of KDM6B, which demethylates H3K27me3.

Comparative proteomic analysis of rats subjected to water immersion and restraint stress as an insight into gastric ulcers.

In the present study, comparative proteomic analysis was performed in rats subjected to water immersion‑restraint stress (WRS). A total of 26 proteins were differentially expressed and identified using matrix‑assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Among the 26 differentially expressed protein spots identified, 13 proteins were significantly upregulated under WRS, including pyruvate kinase and calreticulin, which may be closely associated with energy metabolism.

Identification and characterization of tomato gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) and effects of fruit-specific overexpression on fruit and seed growth and development.

Gibberellins (GAs) play a crucial role in growth and development of the tomato fruit. Previously published studies focusing on the effect of GAs on tomato fruits used chemical treatments, constitutive overexpression or silencing of GA biosynthetic and catabolic genes globally throughout the plant. Fruit-specific overexpression of GA catabolic enzyme genes (), however, may provide an alternative method to study the role of endogenous GAs on the fruit development.

Effects of the IGF-1/PTEN/Akt/FoxO signaling pathway on male reproduction in rats subjected to water immersion and restraint stress.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)/Akt/forkhead box (FoxO) signaling pathway on male reproduction in rats subjected to water immersion and restraint stress (WRS). Sperm morphology, sperm malformation rate, and serum testosterone concentration were analyzed following WRS. In addition, the expression levels and immunolocalization of IGF‑1, PTEN, Akt and FoxO proteins, as well as the rate of cell apoptosis in rat testes, were investigated.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide new insights into the regulation mechanism of low-temperature-induced leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage.

Unlabelled: In Chinese cabbage, leafy head-related traits are directly related to the cabbage yield and marketability, which are often primarily concerned target for breeders. Although intensive studies has been on head formation in Chinese cabbage in the past decade, very scanty information is available on mechanism involved in the head formation under the influence of low temperature at transcriptome and proteome perspective. In this study, quantitative expression profiling based on RNA-Seq transcriptome and iTRAQ proteome were combined to investigate this trait for a global picture of the molecular dynamics.

Characterization of DNA methyltransferase and demethylase genes in Fragaria vesca.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification essential for gene regulations in plants, but understanding on how it is involved in fruit development, especially in non-climacteric fleshy fruit, is limited. The diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is an important model for non-climacteric fruit crops. In this study, we identified DNA methyltransferase genes and demethylase genes in Fragaria vesca and other angiosperm species.

A characterization of grapevine of GRAS domain transcription factor gene family.

GRAS domain genes are a group of important plant-specific transcription factors that have been reported to be involved in plant development. In order to know the roles of GRAS genes in grapevine, a widely cultivated fruit crop, the study on grapevine GRAS (VvGRAS) was carried out, and from which, 43 were identified from 12× assemble grapevine genomic sequences. Further, the genomic structures, synteny, phylogeny, expression profiles in different tissues of these genes, and their roles in response to stress were investigated.