Selection and Validation of Appropriate Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis of L. Under Various Abiotic Stresses.

Choosing the appropriate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is very important for accurately evaluating expression of target genes. L. is a widely used horticultural plant with high ornamental value, which also shows a strong ability to tolerate abiotic stresses.

Distribution, frequency and molecular basis of penoxsulam, metamifop and florpyrauxifen-benzyl resistance in Echinocloa spp. from rice fields across Jiangsu Province, China.

Barnyard grasses (Echinochloa spp.) are the most troublesome weeds in rice ecosystems of Jiangsu Province, China, and long-term use of herbicides inevitably cause the development of resistance. In this study, 122 field-sampled populations were tested for resistance to penoxsulam (PEN), metamifop (MET), florpyrauxifen-benzyl, (FPB), propanil, and tripyrasulfone.

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus regulates apoptosis by targeting AIF1 and ASPP1 through tca-miR-3885-5p and tca-miR-3897-3p to promote infection.

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV) is a potential biocontrol agent for C. medinalis which is a major rice pest. However, its insecticidal efficacy is slow due to cell apoptosis.

OsRAV1 Regulates Seed Vigor and Salt Tolerance During Germination in Rice.

Seed vigor is a complex trait encompassing seed germination, seedling emergence, growth, seed longevity, and stress tolerance, all are crucial for direct seeding in rice. Here, we report that the AP2/ERF transcription factor OsRAV1 (RELATED TO ABI3 AND VP1) positively regulates seed germination, vigor, and salt tolerance. Additionally, OsRAV1 was differently expressed in embryo and endosperm, with the OsRAV1 localized in the nucleus.

Cytochrome P450 CYP81A104 in Eleusine indica confers resistance to multiherbicide with different modes of action.

Background: Developing herbicide-resistant (HR) crop cultivars is an efficient way to control weeds and minimize crop yield losses. However, widespread and long-term herbicide application has led to the evolution of resistant weeds. Here, we established a resistant (R) E.

An Asp376Glu substitution and P450s-involved metabolism endow resistance to ALS inhibitors in an Ammannia auriculata Willd. Population.

Ammannia auriculata Willd. is a noxious broadleaf weed, commonly infesting rice ecosystems across southern China. A putative resistant A.

Insecticidal activity of the spider neurotoxin PPTX-04 through modulating insect voltage-gated sodium channel.

Ion channels on cell membrane are molecular targets of more than half peptide neurotoxins from spiders. From Pardosa pseudoannulata, a predatory spider on a range of insect pests, we characterized a peptide neurotoxin PPTX-04 with an insecticidal activity. PPTX-04 showed high toxicity to Nilaparvata lugens, a main prey of P.

Current status of cyhalofop-butyl and metamifop resistance and diversity of the ACCase gene mutations in Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis) from China.

Leptochloa chinensis populations in China have evolved widespread resistance to acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides cyhalofop-butyl (CyB) and metamifop (Met). 124 L. chinensis populations, randomly collected from rice fields in Jiangsu Province, were surveyed for CyB and Met resistance status, and all potential ACCase gene resistance-conferring mutations and effective pre-emergence herbicides for its control were investigated.

Elucidating the Differentiation Synthesis Mechanisms of Differently Colored Resistance Quinoa Seedings Using Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis.

Quinoa ( wild.), a dicotyledonous plant native to the Andes, is an increasingly popular pseudograin owing to its high nutritional value, stress resistance capabilities, and gluten-free properties. In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamic changes in different varieties of quinoa at the seedling stage and their regulatory networks.

ACCase gene mutations and P450-mediated metabolism contribute to cyhalofop-butyl resistance in Eleusine indica biotypes from direct-seeding paddy fields.

Eleusine indica causes problems in direct-seeding rice fields across Jiangsu Province in China. Long-term application of chemical herbicides has led to the widespread evolution of resistance in E. indica.

Ile-1781-Leu Target Mutation and Non-Target-Site Mechanism Confer Resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-Inhibiting Herbicides in var. .

var. is a xerophytic weed severely invading rice fields along with the application of rice mechanical direct seeding technology in China. This study identified one resistant population (M5) with an Ile-1781-Leu substitution in showing broad-spectrum resistance to three chemical classes of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, including metamifop, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop--ethyl, haloxyfop--methyl, clethodim, sethoxydim, and pinoxaden.

Regulatory roles of RpoS in the biosynthesis of antibiotics 2,4-diacetyphloroglucinol and pyoluteorin of FD6.

The rhizosphere microbe FD6 possesses beneficial traits such as the production of antibiotics like pyoluteorin (Plt) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG). The alternative RpoS (σ factor), as a master regulator, activates or inhibits the transcription of stationary phase genes in several biocontrol organisms. Here, we investigated the complicated function and regulatory mechanism of RpoS in the biosynthesis of 2,4-DAPG and Plt in strain FD6.

Characterization of CwlC, an autolysin, and its role in mother cell lysis of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been proven to efficiently control mosquitoes, of which many species are important vectors of human disease. The larvicidal action is attributed to the parasporal crystals formed in the sporulating cells and released upon cell autolysis.

Neurotoxins in the venom gland of Calommata signata, a burrowing spider.

Calommata signata, a burrowing spider, represents a special type of predation mode in spiders, and its utilization of toxins is different from that of web-weaving spiders and wandering spiders. The existing researches on spider toxins are mainly focused on the web-weaving and wandering spiders, but little attention on that of the burrowing spiders. Through transcriptome sequencing of C.

Diversity of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) in lepidopteran insects and evidence of horizontal SINE transfer between baculovirus and lepidopteran hosts.

Background: Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) belong to non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, which can mobilize dependent on the help of counterpart long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs). Although 234 SINEs have been identified so far, only 23 are from insect species (SINEbase: http://sines.eimb.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals Cnaphalocrocis medinalis against baculovirus infection by oxidative stress.

Cnaphalocrocis medinalis granulovirus (CnmeGV) is a potential microbial agent against the rice leaffolder. Innate immunity is essential for insects to survive pathogenic infection. Therefore, to clarify the immune response of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to the viral colonization, the gene expression profile of C.

Characteristics of the sigK Deletion Mutant from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Strain Bt-59.

All major insecticidal genes of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) are controlled by the sporulation-specific sigma factor Sigma E (sigE), while sigE is negatively regulated by Sigma K (sigK). Therefore, knocking out sigK plays an important role in regulating the expression of insecticidal genes in Bti.