Magnetic Three-Phase Single-Drop Microextraction for Rapid Amplification of the Signals of DNA and MicroRNA Analysis.

The detection of nucleic acids usually suffers from a lengthy amplification process. To obtain an enhanced signal within several seconds, a magnetic three-phase single-drop microextraction (MTP-SDME) approach was developed for the quantification of nucleic acids. First, a target-triggered recycling amplification strategy was used to constitute magnetic branched DNA/FeO networks, which displayed peroxidase-like catalytic activity toward the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine colorimetric reaction.

Integration analysis of metabolites and single nucleotide polymorphisms improves the prediction of drug response of celecoxib.

Introduction: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacometabolomics are the common methods for personalized medicine, either genetic or metabolic biomarkers have limited predictive power for drug response.

Objectives: In order to better predict drug response, the study attempted to integrate genetic and metabolic biomarkers for drug pharmacokinetics prediction.

Methods: The study chose celecoxib as study object, the pharmacokinetic behavior of celecoxib was assessed in 48 healthy volunteers based on UPLC-MS/MS platform, and celecoxib related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also detected.

Highly Sensitive Detection of Multiple MicroRNAs by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Long and Short Probe-Based Recycling Amplification.

This report demonstrated the utility of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detection for selective separation and sensitive quantification of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). A duplex specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted target recycling amplification strategy was developed to enhance the signals of miRNAs, which alleviates the low sensitivity of conventional HPLC to nucleic acids. To separate the signals of different miRNAs, DNA probes with different lengths and base sequences were immobilized on magnetic beads.

Quality consistency evaluation of commercial transfer factor injections by chromatographic fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis.

The current quality control methods relying mainly on chromogenic reaction can hardly ensure the quality and safety of the biochemical drug with complex chemical composition. Therefore, a chromatographic fingerprint method was developed for the quality evaluation of a multicomponent biochemical drug, transfer factor injection. High-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint was measured by using a C column (250 × 4.

Predicting Pharmacokinetics Variation of Faropenem Using a Pharmacometabonomic Approach.

Individual variation in pharmacokinetics of faropenem is significant. We attempted to predict drug response of faropenem using a pharmacometabonomic approach. Metabolic profiling was performed on predose plasma samples from 36 healthy volunteers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), with 204 endogenous metabolites detected.

A hepatoprotection study of Radix Bupleuri on acetaminophen-induced liver injury based on CYP450 inhibition.

We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of Radix Bupleuri (RB) by inducing acute liver injury (ALI) in an animal model using acetaminophen (APAP) after pretreatment with RB aqueous extract for three consecutive days. Compared to those of the APAP group, the biochemical and histological results of the RB pretreatment group showed lower serumaspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels as well as less liver damage. Pharmacokinetic study of the toxicity related marker acetaminophen-cysteine (APC) revealed a lower exposure level in rats, suggesting that RB alleviated APAP-induced liver damage by preventing glutathione (GSH) depletion.

[Methods of isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based microfluidic chips for pathogen microorganism detection].

Rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms is key to the epidemiologic identification, prevention and control of disease in the field of public health. PCR-based pathogen detection methods have been widely used because they overcome the time-consuming issues that traditional culture-based methods required including the limited window required by immunological detection. However, the requirement on precision temperature-controlled thermal cyclers severely limits their use in resource-limited areas.

[Determination of 25 preservatives in cosmetics by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and its esters, parabens, phenoxyisopropanol, chlorphenesin, dehydroacetic acid, 2,6-di--butyl-4-methylphenol, methylchloroisothiazolone, methylisothiazolone and other preservatives in cosmetics by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted ultrasonically with a 0.1 mg/mL L(+)-ascorbic acid menthol solution after being spiked with a mixture solution of 2-octanol, phenol and heptachlor as internal standards and anhydrous sodium sulfate as a dehydrating reagent.

Epsilon-poly-l-lysine decorated ordered mesoporous silica contributes to the synergistic antifungal effect and enhanced solubility of a lipophilic drug.

The emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains remains a severe threat for the public health, which prompts strict restrictions on the uses of antifungal drugs. However, the majority of lipophilic fungistatic agents are poorly water soluble with a low oral adsorption characteristic posing challenges for the precise prescriptions. In this study, a natural antimicrobial cationic peptide of epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPL) decorated ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was facilely prepared for the efficient loading of antifungal itraconazole (ITZ) drugs.

Oral microbial flora of patients with Sicca syndrome.

Primary sicca syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease. However, its exact etiology and pathogenesis remain elusive. Various infectious factors have been identified to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of PSS.

Deciphering the absorption profile and interaction of multi-components of Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction based on in vitro-in silico-in vivo integrated strategy.

Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction (ZZDHD) has been acknowledged with striking therapeutic effects for hepatobiliary disorders in the history of China. As decoctions are usually administrated orally, intestinal absorption, the prerequisite task of exerting therapeutic effects, is of utmost significance for screening potential active compounds and understanding the mechanism of drug action. In this work, an in vitro-in silico-in vivo strategy based on HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF/MS was adopted for precisely profiling the intestinal absorption of ZZDHD, which integrated information obtained from rat everted gut sac model, octanol-water partition model, in silico prediction and in vivo experimental data.

Simultaneous determination of galactose, glucose, lactose and galactooligosaccharides in galactooligosaccharides raw materials by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.

This study describes a method for the simultaneous determination of galactose, glucose, lactose and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in GOS raw materials (GOS syrups and powdered GOS) by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). The GOS raw materials were extracted with phosphate buffer. The extract was then treated with β-galactosidase to hydrolyze GOS and lactose.

Disposable MoS-Arrayed MALDI MS Chip for High-Throughput and Rapid Quantification of Sulfonamides in Multiple Real Samples.

In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, the development of a disposable MoS-arrayed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) chip combined with an immunoaffinity enrichment method for high-throughput, rapid, and simultaneous quantitation of multiple sulfonamides (SAs). The disposable MALDI MS chip was designed and fabricated by MoS array formation on a commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slide. A series of SAs were analyzed, and clear deprotonated signals were obtained in negative-ion mode.

Metabolic profile elucidation of Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction in rat intestinal bacteria using high-resolution mass spectrometry combined with multiple analytical perspectives.

1. Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction (ZZDHD) has been widely used for the treatment of alcoholic jaundice, alcoholic liver disease, and acute hepatitis in China for thousands of years. Conventionally decoctions are administered orally, after which the metabolism caused by the enzymes in intestinal bacteria may influence significantly on the curative effects or toxicity.

Rapid discovery and identification of the prototypes and their metabolites of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction in rat plasma by an integrative strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction has been used to treat damp-heat jaundice for centuries in China. However, the absorbed components of the decoction and their related metabolites are little known until now. In this work, an integrative strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (time-of-flight/triple-quadruple tandem) was adopted to effectively identify the prototypes and their metabolites and to speculate the possible transformation pathways among these compounds.

Simultaneous determination of ten bioactive constituents of Sanjie Zhentong Capsule in rat plasma by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

Sanjie Zhentong capsule, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription, are used for the treatment of endometriosis-related diseases. In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ten bioactive constituents, including peimine, peiminine, peimisine, loureirin A, loureirin B, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone, pterostilbene, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, and notoginsenoside R1 in rat plasma after oral administration of Sanjie Zhentong capsule. The sample preparations for protein removal was accomplished using a simple methanol precipitation method.

Quantitative analysis of binary polymorphs mixtures of fusidic acid by diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance FT-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and multivariate calibration.

Vibrational spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy have become popular in detecting and quantifying polymorphism of pharmaceutics since they are fast and non-destructive. This study assessed the ability of three vibrational spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis to quantify a low-content undesired polymorph within a binary polymorphic mixture. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and support vector machine (SVM) regression were employed to build quantitative models.

Dissecting Target Toxic Tissue and Tissue Specific Responses of Irinotecan in Rats Using Metabolomics Approach.

As an anticancer agent, irinotecan (CPT-11) has been widely applied in clinical, especially in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, its clinical use has long been limited by the side effects and potential tissue toxicity. To discriminate the target toxic tissues and dissect the specific response of target tissues after CPT-11 administration in rats, untargeted metabolomic study was conducted.

Taxanes from Taxus wallichiana var. mairei cultivated in the southern area of the Yangtze River in China.

A new and 25 known taxane diterpenoids were isolated from the dried whole plants of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei cultivated in the southern area of the Yangtze River in China. The chemical structure of new compound 1, named taxiwallinine, was established by means of MS and NMR analyses.

Simultaneous determination of 35 ultra-trace level organophosphorus pesticide residues in Sanjie Zhentong capsules of traditional Chinese medicine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of ultra-trace levels of 35 organophosphorus pesticide residues in Sanjie Zhentong capsules, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription. A method based on multiclass and multiresidue sample preparation was developed. First, samples were hydrated with water at 4°C.

Characterization of global metabolic profile of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction in rat bile, urine and feces after oral administration based on a strategy combining LC-MS and chemometrics.

Identification of metabolic profile of traditional Chinese medicine in vivo is always a challenge task. Usually, screening out and identifying the exogenous compounds manually from total ion chromatograms (TICs) of biologic samples is time-consuming and strenuous. In this study, a systematic identification strategy based on LC-MS was adopted to clarify the metabolic profiling of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHPD) in rat.

Dynamic metabolic profile of Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction in rat urine based on hybrid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction.

Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction (ZZDHD) has been used for treatment of alcoholic liver disease in China for thousands of years. In order to reveal the dynamic biotransformation of the decoction in vivo, a high-throughout, sensitive and special method based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-TOF/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ/MS) was developed and validated. 25 parent compounds and 28 metabolites were characterized, among which, two metabolites were found for the first time and tentatively identified by neutral-loss scan and product-ion scan.

Dynamic metabolic profiling of urine biomarkers in rats with alcohol‑induced liver damage following treatment with Zhi‑Zi‑Da‑Huang decoction.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver‑associated morbidity and mortality. Zhi‑Zi‑Da‑Huang decoction (ZZDHD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been frequently used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of the various stages of ALD. To identify metabolic changes and the ZZDHD mechanism of action on ALD, potential urine biomarkers involved in the effects of ZZDHD were identified.

Novel taxane derivatives from Taxus wallichiana with high anticancer potency on tumor cells.

Four novel taxane derivatives, N-debenzoyl-N-methyl-N-heptanoyl-taxol (1), N-debenzoyl-N-me-thyl-N-octanoyl-taxol (2), N-debenzoyl-N-methyl-N-(4-methylhexanoyl)-taxol (3), and N-debenzoyl-N-methyl-N-[(4Z)-1-oxo-4-tenenoyl]-taxol (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Taxus wallichiana.var.mairer.

Discovery of Potential Biomarkers with Dose- and Time-Dependence in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Using Metabolomics Integrated with a Principal Component-Based Area Calculation Strategy.

Cisplatin is a potent chemotherapeutic agent. However, its clinical usage is restricted by serious adverse effects, especially nephrotoxicity. For revealing the dose- and time-dependence of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics integrated with a principal component-based area calculation (PCAC) strategy was proposed in the present study.