Exposure to Chinese famine in early life and the risk of multimorbidity in adulthood.

Objectives: Previous studies had reported the association between famine exposure in early life and subsequent non-communicable diseases risk. In current study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between famine exposure on multimorbidity prevalence and incidence in middle-aged and older Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 13,254 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 were included in cross-sectional analyses.

Comparing acute versus AIDS ART initiation on HIV-1 integration sites and clonal expansion.

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is known to limit the establishment of the HIV reservoir, with studies suggesting benefits such as a reduced number of infected cells and a smaller latent reservoir. However, the long-term impact of early ART initiation on the dynamics of the infected cell pool remains unclear, and clinical evidence directly comparing proviral integration site counts between early and late ART initiation is limited. In this study, we used Linear Target Amplification-PCR (LTA-PCR) and Next Generation Sequencing to compare unique integration site (UIS) clonal counts between individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection stage (Acute-ART group) and those in the AIDS stage (AIDS-ART group).

Cellulose-mediated mechanical property tuning in small intestinal submucosal matrix to enhance stem cell osteogenic differentiation.

Natural extracellular matrices (ECM) provide a more accurate simulation of the cellular growth environment, making them excellent substrate materials for in vitro cell culture. The porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is one of the most widely used natural ECM that display superior bioactivity. However, decellularization operations often result in fiber breakage and failure to recover mechanical strength in the SIS.

De novo biosynthesis of mogroside V by multiplexed engineered yeasts.

High sugar intake has become a global health concern due to its association with various diseases. Mogroside V (MG-V), a zero-calorie sweetener with multiple medical properties, is emerging as a promising sugar substitute. However, its application is hindered by low natural abundance and the inefficiency of conventional plant extraction methods.

Insight into the effect of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone on the changes of off-flavors in the preparation of soy protein isolate: Potential mechanisms of their reduction.

The effect of incorporating 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (furaneol) during soy protein isolate (SPI) preparation on off-flavor compounds was investigated. Sensory evaluation revealed that furaneol addition effectively reduced undesirable attributes such as grain husk, grassy, raw bean, tofu and oil oxidation, with the most significant decrease at 2 mg/L. Flavor analysis confirmed a significant reduction in both the variety and amount of off-flavors.

Different types of anions mediated the formation of rice glutelin fibrils: Aggregation behaviors and structural characteristics.

Anions have more pronounced effect on the aggregation power of proteins than cations. Herein, the effect of different types of anions on rice glutelin (RG) based fibrils formation was investigated. The fibrils yield and growth rate of RG were enhanced with various anions, due to the specific ions effect and intermolecular interaction.

Mechanism analysis for the differences in multi-level structure, enzyme accessibility and pasting properties of starch granules caused by different hydrolysis pathways of maltogenic α-amylase.

The effect of pores distribution on the multi-scale structure, enzyme accessibility, and pasting properties of the waxy maize starch granules with the same degree of hydrolysis were examined. Increased maltogenic α-amylase (MA) dosage obviously increased the shallow pores number and the roughness, whereas extended time increased the holes depth. Despite achieving the same hydrolysis degree and specific surface area, samples with numerous shallow holes exhibited a higher mass fractal dimension, a lower, peak viscosity, final viscosity and setback.

N-glycosylation-modifications-driven conformational dynamics attenuate substrate inhibition of d-lactonohydrolase.

Achieving enzyme catalysis at high substrate concentrations is a substantial challenge in industrial biocatalysis, and the role of glycosylation in post-translational modifications that modulate enzyme substrate inhibition remains poorly understood. This study provides insights into the role of N-glycosylation in substrate inhibition by comparing the catalytic properties of d-lactonohydrolase (d-Lac) derived from Fusarium moniliforme expressed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. Experimental evidence indicates that recombinant d-Lac expressed in Pichia pastoris (PpLac-WT) exhibits higher hydrolysis rates at a substrate concentration of 400 g/L, with reduced substrate inhibition and enhanced stability compared to the recombinant d-Lac expressed in Escherichia coli (EcLac-WT).

Distinct molecular properties and functions of small EV subpopulations isolated from human umbilical cord MSCs using tangential flow filtration combined with size exclusion chromatography.

As functional derivatives of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have garnered significant attention and application in regenerative medicine. However, the technical limitations for large-scale isolation of sEVs and their heterogeneous nature have added complexity to their applications. It remains unclear if the heterogeneous sEVs represent different aspects of MSCs functions.

Cold atmospheric plasma potentiates ferroptosis via EGFR(Y1068)-mediated dual axes on GPX4 among triple negative breast cancer cells.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as an emerging onco-therapeutics that can specifically kill cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Here we explore its potency in triggering ferroptosis in transformed cells using triple negative breast cancer as the disease model. Through the whole transcriptome sequencing, mass spectrometry analysis, point mutation, and a series of and molecular assays, we identified two signaling axes centered at EGFR(Y1068), i.

A Novel Oncolytic Virus Formulation Based on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Vesicles for Tumor Therapy.

Developing new drug delivery systems is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of oncolytic virus (OV) therapies in cancer treatment. In this study, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived vesicles and oncolytic viruses are exploited to construct a novel formulation. It has been hypothesized that vesicle-coated OVs could amplify cytotoxic effects through superior internalization by tumor cells.

PAXIP1 is regulated by NRF1 and is a prognosis‑related biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a poor prognosis globally. PAX-interacting protein 1 (PAXIP1) serves a key role in the development of numerous human cancer types. Nevertheless, its specific involvement in HCC remains poorly understood.

A Stepwise Approach to Surgical Decision-making for Lower Eyelid Ectropion: Insights from a Retrospective Study.

Background: Cicatricial lower-eyelid ectropion is a serious complication resulting from undesired lower lid blepharoplasty or impaired wound healing. Surgical treatment for ectropion is challenging for oculoplastic surgeons due to the unpredictability of surgical outcome and the difficulty of surgical design.

Objectives: The authors aimed to fully describe the surgical decision-making strategy for cicatricial ectropion, and to potentially enhance treatment outcomes.

Cervical length of preoperative cervical cerclage prognostic impacted the effect of cervical insufficiency.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the impact of preoperative cervical length before cervical cerclage on the extension of gestational days in patients with various diagnostic types of cervical insufficiency, including obstetric history-based diagnosis, ultrasound-based diagnosis, and physical examination-based diagnosis.

Methods: 168 patients were segregated into four categories based on cervical length: 0-0.4 cm, 0.

Zika and Dengue Virus Autoimmunity: An Overview of Related Disorders and Their Potential Mechanisms.

Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are two major mosquito-borne flaviviruses that pose a significant threat to the global public health system, particularly in tropical regions. The clinical outcomes related to these viral pathogens can vary from self-limiting asymptomatic infections to various forms of life-threatening pathological conditions such as haemorrhagic disorders. In addition to the direct effects of the viral pathogens, immune processes play also a significant function in the development of diseases mediated by ZIKV and DENV.

Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensing Systems in Monitoring Harsh Environment and Healthcare Applications.

Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing, particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications. These systems are equipped with battery-free operation, wireless connectivity, and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight. Such features enable the safe, real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices.

Lipophilic antioxidants in edible oils: Mechanisms, applications and interactions.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) in edible oils are crucial for human nutrition. However, their high unsaturation renders edible oils susceptible to oxidation during storage and processing. The addition of lipophilic antioxidants is an effective strategy to inhibit oxidation and safeguard the nutritional integrity of edible oils.

Mechanisms by which Ganglioside GM1, a specific type of glycosphingolipid, ameliorates BMAA-induced neurotoxicity in early-life stage of zebrafish embryos.

The neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) produced by cyanobacteria is widely present in foods and dietary supplements, posing a significant threat to human health. Ganglioside GM1 (GM1) has demonstrated potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases; however, its ability to prevent BMAA-induced neurotoxicity remains uncertain. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with Ganglioside GM1 to investigate its neuroprotective effects against BMAA exposure and the underlying mechanisms.

Atmosphere-controlled high-voltage electrospray for improving conductivity, flexibility, and antibacterial properties of chitosan films.

Atmosphere-controlled high-voltage electrospray (AHES) was utilised to modify the structure of chitosan (CS) films. The applied voltage in the AHES process ranged from 60 to 100 kV, with variations in the O content of the propellant gas from 0 to 100 %. The number density of cations in the charging environment reached 600 × 10 cations/cm.

Yeast community in the first-round fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu: Source, succession and metabolic function.

Yeasts play a crucial role in determining the quality and yield of sauce-flavor Baijiu, yet the source, succession, and metabolic functions of the yeast community in fermented grains during stacking fermentation remains unclear. In this study, amplicon sequencing combined with solid-state fermentation was used to investigate the structure and function of yeast community during the first-round fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu. The richness and diversity of yeast community increased throughout fermentation, with 83.

Changes of shrimp myofibrillar proteins hydrolyzed by Virgibacillus proteases: Structural characterization, mechanism visualization, and flavor compound formation.

To explore the mechanism of Virgibacillus proteases on hydrolysis of shrimp myofibrillar protein (SMP) and formation of volatile compounds, the fermented broth of Virgibacillus halodenitrificans was purified and the protease was identified as peptidase S8. The enzyme had optimum activity at pH 7.0-8.

Characterization of key flavor compounds in cinnamon bark oil extracts using principal component analysis.

Cinnamon is a widely used spice, known for its distinctive flavor and aromatic properties. Due to its lignified structure, the release of flavor components typically requires prolonged stewing (1-2 h). To simulate the release of flavor components during stewing, this study employed corn oil for extraction, avoiding the use of organic solvents.

The effect of carbohydrates with different levels of digestibility on energy metabolism in vivo under hypobaric hypoxic conditions.

Current strategies for improving energy supply in hypobaric hypoxic environments are limited. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of four carbohydrates with different levels of digestibility on energy metabolism in vivo in hypobaric hypoxic environments. First, we characterized the four types of carbohydrates.