Improved RT-DETR and its application to fruit ripeness detection.

Introduction: Crop maturity status recognition is a key component of automated harvesting. Traditional manual detection methods are inefficient and costly, presenting a significant challenge for the agricultural industry.

Methods: To improve crop maturity detection, we propose enhancements to the Real-Time DEtection TRansformer (RT-DETR) method.

On-orbit microbial succession patterns of the China Space Station during the construction period.

Background: The China Space Station (CSS) modules feature many areas that are difficult to clean and thus susceptible to microbial outbreaks. A new sampling method utilizing an equivalent material sheet was applied to characterize the diversity of microbes that accumulated in inaccessible areas in orbit on the CSS. Equivalent material sheet is a membrane made of the same material as the wall of the module.

Boosting Non-Radiative Decay of Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dendrimers for NIR-II Photothermal Theranostics.

The development of small molecular dyes excitable in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000~1700 nm) is crucial for deep-tissue penetration and maximum permissible exposure in cancer photothermal theranostics. Herein, we employed a dendrimer engineering strategy to develop the boron difluoride formazanate (BDF) dye BDF-8OMe for photoacoustic imaging-mediated NIR-II photothermal therapy. BDF-8OMe, characterized by an increased molecular branching degree and extended π-conjugation, exhibited broad absorbance peaked at 905 nm, with the absorption tail extending to 1300 nm.

Research on the interface design of ASD children intervention APP based on Kano-entropy weight method.

Background: In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among children in China. To enhance the efficacy of ASD intervention apps and streamline the design process for designers, this study proposes an interface design research method for ASD intervention apps based on the Kano-entropy weight method.

Methods: First, the basic research process for ASD children is extracted by combining the characteristics of the Kano model and the entropy method.

Structures and properties of Ca-Xe compounds at extreme pressure and temperature.

Calcium, one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's mantle, does not react easily with noble gases (e.g., He and Xe) under ambient conditions.

Crosstalk Between Ethylene and JA/ABA/Sugar Signalling in Plants Under Physiological and Stress Conditions.

Growth, development and defence responses of plants are governed through signalling networks that connect inputs from nutrient status, hormone cues and environmental signals. Plant hormones as endogenous signals are essential for modulating plant defence responses and developmental processes. Ethylene (ET), a gaseous hormone, is widely established as a regulator of these processes.

A regulated TiO@NC@ZCS photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution: insights into the role of carbon layer positioning.

In this study, a TiO@NC@ZCS ternary photocatalyst with a well-defined hexahedral morphology was synthesized MOF-derived pyrolysis and sulfidation methods, and its photocatalytic hydrogen production performance was thoroughly investigated. The results demonstrated that the unique interface design of TiO@NC@ZCS significantly enhanced light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic performance, achieving a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 10.244 mmol g h.

Prodelphinidin from purple sweet potato induces apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer cells via ROS-mediated ER stress activation.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive and heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, lacks an effective targeted therapy. Conventional medication has limited efficacy in treating TNBC, which highlights the potential of developing therapeutic agents from natural bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of prodelphinidin (PD), an anthocyanin found in purple sweet potato, in human MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436 cells.

Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Regulates Casein Synthesis in Dairy Cows via the mTORC1-LAT1 Pathway.

Objective: Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) is an essential multifunctional enzyme in mammals, pivotal in maintaining cellular protein and amino acid equilibrium. It facilitates tRNA aminoacylation, initiating intracellular protein synthesis, and serves as an intracellular leucine sensor. This sensor function enables LARS to activate the mTORC1 pathway via Rag GTPase binding, playing a critical role in protein synthesis regulation.

A Compact-Solvation Electrolyte Under Low Concentration for High-Energy Density and Stable Potassium-Ion Batteries.

The development of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) faces significant challenges due to the lack of suitable electrolytes to achieve satisfactory energy density and long-term stability. This work reports an innovative compact-solvation electrolyte (CSE) strategy leveraging ionic liquid-induced manipulation of solvation structures under low concentration for high-performance PIBs. The CSE, formulated with a low-salt concentration of 0.

Dual Modulator of FXR and HSD17B13: Revitalizing FXR Therapies in MASH.

Dual modulation of FXR and HSD17B13 presents a promising strategy for treating metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Compound , a groundbreaking dual modulator of FXR and HSD17B13, validates the concept of significantly enhancing liver function, reducing inflammation and fibrosis across various MAFLD models.

Luminescent Metal-Organic Framework with Negative Electrostatic Pores for Highly Selective GDP Sensing.

Electrostatic potential (ESP) plays an essential role in studying interactions among molecules. Developing probe materials capable of selectively detecting analytes by aligning their molecular ESP with the electrostatic interaction of the host probe material is critically important for identifying analogous analytes; however, relevant research is extremely lacking. In this work, we synthesized a luminescent metal-organic framework (LMOF, Cd-DBDP) featuring negative electrostatic pore environments achieved by incorporating numerous electronegative oxygen atoms and N-containing aromatic rings from organic linkers.

A biogeographical ancestry inference pipeline using PCA-XGBoost model and its application in Asian populations.

Biogeographical ancestry (BGA) inference plays a crucial role in genetics, anthropology, forensic science, and medical research. Current methods like principal component analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms, are commonly used. Here, we introduce a bio-geographical ancestry inference pipeline that integrates prior population structure and clustering.

Identification of 13 natural antioxidants in green calyx plum using AAPH, ABTS, and FRAP-coupled HPLC-DAD via QTOF-MS/MS.

The novel application of a combined screening method, utilizing AAPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays with HPLC, is first used for screening natural antioxidants in Green Calyx plums (GCP). This method was assumed that the peak areas of compounds with antioxidant activity in HPLC chromatograms would be significantly reduced or disappeared after incubating with the AAPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The thirteen screened antioxidants can be identified by Q-TOF-MS/MS.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp5 inhibits the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by targeting p62 to antagonize its antiviral activity.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections often trigger oxidative stress and cytokine storms, resulting in significant tissue damage that causes fatalities in piglets and reproductive issues in sows. However, it is still unknown how oxidative stress is regulated by viral and host factors in response to PRRSV infection. Here, we found that PRRSV induced cellular oxidative stress by triggering the production of reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the expression of antioxidant enzymes.

Preparation and Performance Optimization of Fe:ZnSe Solid Solution by High-Pressure-High-Temperature Method.

In this paper, high-purity zinc selenide (ZnSe) prepared by the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method was used as the raw material, and iron ion-doped zinc selenide polycrystals were successfully fabricated through the thermal diffusion method at 1100 °C for 30 h. The results showed that iron ions (Fe) successfully penetrated into the zinc selenide crystals, but the concentration of iron ions inside the crystals was relatively low, and the crystals exhibited numerous defects. To address this issue, we performed secondary sintering and annealing on the samples under high-temperature and high-pressure (HPHT) conditions, with the annealing temperature range set at 900-1200 °C.

Identification and Network Construction of mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in Sweetpotato ( L.) Adventitious Roots Under Salt Stress via Whole-Transcriptome RNA Sequencing.

Sweetpotato is the seventh largest crop worldwide, and soil salinization is a major environmental stress limiting its yield. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, ncRNAs in sweetpotato remain largely unexplored.

An eye-movement database of bilingual language control for Chinese-English bilinguals.

The current absence of an eye-tracking database that explores bilingual language control and how intra-sentence code-switching types influence the language control process limits our deeper understanding of bilingual control mechanisms. To address this issue, we present a database containing eye-movement recordings collected during a silent reading task combined with language switching paradigm. The database contains typical measures of eye movement data of 160 Chinese and their translation equivalent English words from 40 high-proficient and 40 low-proficient participants across 1280 Chinese, English and intra-sentential code-switching sentences.

Access to Spiro-Quinazolines via an Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Isatins with -Alkylureas.

Herein, we report novel -TSA·HO-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of isatins with -alkylureas, allowing access to spiro-quinazolines with excellent substrate scope and good yields. Introducing ,-dialkylureas, 2,4-thiazolidinedione, or rhodamine into the reactions leads to a distinct set of three-component reactions, yielding innovative spiro-quinazolines incorporating sulfur atoms. Notably, the protocol achieves a superior level of atomic economy, with water as the sole byproduct.

Mitochondrion-Targeted Type I Photodynamic Therapy for Agonist Independent cGAS-STING Activation.

CGAS-STING agonists generally lead to hyperimmunity and systemic toxicity, hindering their immunotherapeutic outcomes. Herein, a mitochondrion-targeted nanoagonist (termed HABH) containing boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-derived type I photosensitizer (BDP) and Au nanoparticle-engineered hollow mesoporous silica (HMSN/AuNPs) has been fabricated for light-controlled mitochondrial stress-inducing and agonist-independent cGAS-STING pathway activation. The HABH nanoagonist can actively target tumor tissues and release the mitochondrion-targeted BDP.

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL): From population genetics to precision medicine.

Evidence has shown that differential transcriptomic profiles among human populations from diverse ancestries, supporting the role of genetic architecture in regulating gene expression alongside environmental stimuli. Genetic variants that regulate gene expression, known as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), are primarily shaped by human migration history and evolutionary forces, likewise, regulation of gene expression in principle could have been influenced by these events. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of how human evolution impacts eQTL offers important insights into how phenotypic diversity is shaped.

Coupling-induced tunable oscillations in loops of even-numbered bistable systems.

Negative couplings and suitable initial conditions can induce asymmetric repulsions in feedback loops of odd-numbered overdamped bistable oscillators, allowing them to switch between stable fixed points and produce sustained oscillations that resemble traveling waves [Phys. Rev. E 68, 045102(R) (2003)1063-651X10.

Multifunctional quercetin-hordein-chitosan nanoparticles: A non-antibiotic strategy for accelerated wound healing.

Wound infections are a growing public health issue, worsened by drug-resistant strains. Quercetin (Que) has shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, but its limited bioavailability hinders therapeutic use. This study introduces a multifunctional self-assembly nanoplatform, QHCNPs, encapsulating quercetin with hordein/chitosan to enhance stability and bioavailability.

SSR markers development and their application in genetic diversity of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) germplasm.

Background: Arctium lappa L. is a medicinal edible homologous plant, commonly known as burdock or bardana, which belongs to the Asteraceae family and is abundant all over the world. Genetic diversity assessment is essential for A.

Revitalization of the Endophytic Fungus sp. MEP2000 and Its Impact on the Growth and Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds in .

is a large, medicinal and edible fungus known for its extremely slow growth. It has garnered significant attention due to its high socioeconomic and pharmaceutical value. Our research group previously isolated an endophytic fungus, sp.