Association of CSF soluble TREM1 levels with hippocampal atrophy in cognitively impaired older adults.

Background: Recent studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM1) are elevated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), though the relationship between CSF sTREM1 and hippocampal atrophy remains to be elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between CSF sTREM1 levels and longitudinal changes in hippocampal volumes, and to determine if this relationship is moderated by cognitive status.

Methods: We included 576 participants, comprising 152 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 424 cognitively impaired (CI) individuals.

Mechanism Analysis of the Effect of Cordycepin on Colorectal Cancer via Network Pharmacology and Experiment.

Objective: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has attracted much attention due to its high mortality and morbidity. Cordycepin, also known as 3'-deoxyadenosine (3'-dA), exhibits many biological functions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. It has been proven to show anticancer activity in both laboratory research studies and living organisms.

Effect of an α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate/treated dentin matrix composite to regenerate bone in critically sized SD rat calvarial defects.

Introduction: α-Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) is a widely used artificial bone graft material, but it suffers from rapid deterioration and limited osteoinductivity. This study aims to develop composite cements by combining treated dentin matrix (TDM) with α-CSH to enhance osteogenic properties for the healing of bone deformities.

Methods: The composite cements were prepared by mixing treated dentin matrix (TDM) with α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH) and characterized for their mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties using a universal mechanical testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

The conserved wobble uridine tRNA thiolase Ctu1 is required for angiogenesis and embryonic development.

Cytosolic thiouridylase is a conserved cytoplasmic tRNA thiolase composed of two different subunits, CTU1 and CTU2. CTU2 serves as a scaffold protein, while CTU1 catalyzes the 2-thiolation at the 34th wobble uridine of the anticodon loop. tRNAGlnUUG, tRNAGluUUC, and tRNALysUUU are the tRNA substrates that are modified with a thiol group at the C2 positions (s2) by CTU1, and also with a methoxycarbonylmethyl group at the C5 positions (mcm5) by Elongator and ALKBH8.

Sulfonium perchlorate based near-infrared fluorescent probe targeting lysosome for pH imaging in living cells and tumor-bearing mice.

Due to the accumulation of lactate and other acidic metabolites from insufficient blood supply and hypoxia, the acidic microenvironment of tumors not only accelerates tumor growth and spread but may also affect immune cell function, thereby aiding tumor development. Therefore, real-time monitoring of pH fluctuations in intracellular and living systems provides crucial insights into physiological and pathological processes. This research introduced a novel NIR fluorescent probe, termed SOH, for pH imaging in living cells and tumor-bearing mice.

DeepTransformer: Node Classification Research of a Deep Graph Network on an Osteoporosis Graph based on GraphTransformer.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population. It is mostly treated with medication, but drug research and development have the disadvantage of taking a long time and having a high cost.

Objective: Therefore, we developed a graph neural network with the help of artificial intelligence to provide new ideas for drug research and development for OP.

Enhancing Spatial Resolution of Three-Dimensional Pulse Waves Through Advanced Photometric Stereo Techniques.

Three-dimensional pulse wave's morphologies are essential biomarkers for assessing cardiovascular functionality. However, existing methods only provide sparse amplitude representations, limiting their diagnostic potential. This study employs a photometric stereo approach to enhance the spatial resolution of pulse waves by capturing video footage of skin surface micro-vibrations induced by blood volume fluctuations in underlying arteries.

Organophotocatalyst Enabled Deoxycyclopropanation of Alcohols.

Cyclopropane fragments, which widely exist in marketed drugs and natural products, can confer special pharmacological properties to small-molecule drugs. Therefore, developing methods to construct cyclopropanes is of great significance. Nevertheless, the introduction of cyclopropane primarily relies on already-formed cyclopropyl groups, which significantly restricts the diversity of cyclopropane skeletons.

Local Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiratory for Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy and Breaking Chemoresistance in Hypoxia.

The hypoxic condition in solid tumors induces therapy resistance, limited therapeutic efficacy, and tumor recurrence, especially for chemotherapy and aerobic photodynamic therapy (PDT). To address this matter, an O regulator (SNP@Ato) is designed for breaking chemoresistance and enhancing PDT, which is constructed by loading Atovaquone (Ato) through self-assembly and host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin functionalized tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP-CD) and thioketal-linked camptothecin/azobenzene (Azo-TK-CPT). Specifically, the porphyrin units in SNP@Ato are in "Off state" due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between the porphyrin units and azobenzene.

Histone H4K12 lactylation promotes malignancy progression in triple-negative breast cancer through SLFN5 downregulation.

Lactylation, a newly identified post-translational modification, is uncertain in its implication in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we analyzed 60 TNBC samples using immunohistochemical staining and revealed elevated levels of pan-lactylated proteins and specific histone H4K12 lactylation in tumor tissues, correlating with TNBC progression. Lactate exposure in TNBC cell lines significantly induced lysine lactylation at the H4K12 site, leading to alterations in gene profiles and reduced apoptosis.

Autophagic cell death induced by pH modulation for enhanced iron-based chemodynamic therapy.

Iron-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) exhibits commendable biocompatibility and selectivity, but its efficacy is constrained by the intracellular pH of tumors. To overcome this obstacle, we constructed a silica delivery platform loaded with autophagy-inducing reagents (rapamycin, RAPA) and iron-based Fenton reagents (FeO). This platform was utilized to explore a novel strategy that leverages autophagy to decrease tumor acidity, consequently boosting the effectiveness of CDT.

Brain age prediction via cross-stratified ensemble learning.

As an important biomarker of neural aging, the brain age reflects the integrity and health of the human brain. Accurate prediction of brain age could help to understand the underlying mechanism of neural aging. In this study, a cross-stratified ensemble learning algorithm with staking strategy was proposed to obtain brain age and the derived predicted age difference (PAD) using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Cardioprotection of voluntary exercise against breast cancer-induced cardiac injury via STAT3.

Exercise is an effective way to alleviate breast cancer-induced cardiac injury to a certain extent. However, whether voluntary exercise (VE) activates cardiac signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the role of STAT3-microRNA(miRNA)-targeted protein axis in VE against breast cancer-induced cardiac injury.

Automated estimation of thoracic rotation in chest X-ray radiographs: a deep learning approach for enhanced technical assessment.

Objectives: This study aims to develop an automated approach for estimating the vertical rotation of the thorax, which can be used to assess the technical adequacy of chest X-ray radiographs (CXRs).

Methods: Total 800 chest radiographs were used to train and establish segmentation networks for outlining the lungs and spine regions in chest X-ray images. By measuring the widths of the left and right lungs between the central line of segmented spine and the lateral sides of the segmented lungs, the quantification of thoracic vertical rotation was achieved.

Understanding the physiological transmission mechanisms of photoplethysmography signals: a comprehensive review.

. The widespread adoption of Photoplethysmography (PPG) as a non-invasive method for detecting blood volume variations and deriving vital physiological parameters reflecting health status has surged, primarily due to its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and non-intrusive nature. This has led to extensive research around this technique in both daily life and clinical applications.

Intelligent prediction of Alzheimer's disease via improved multifeature squeeze-and-excitation-dilated residual network.

This study aimed to address the issue of larger prediction errors existing in intelligent predictive tasks related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cohort of 487 enrolled participants was categorized into three groups: normal control (138 individuals), mild cognitive impairment (238 patients), and AD (111 patients) in this study. An improved multifeature squeeze-and-excitation-dilated residual network (MFSE-DRN) was proposed for two important AD predictions: clinical scores and conversion probability.

Adipose stem cells-derived small extracellular vesicles transport Thrombospondin 1 cargo to promote insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a highly prevalent disease and poses a significant risk to the health of pregnant women. Abdominal adipose tissue (AT) contributes to insulin resistance (IR) associated with GDM. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Dual‑regulated oncolytic adenovirus carrying ‑siRNA gene possesses potent antitumor effect on ovarian cancer cells.

Ovarian cancer is a multifactorial and deadly disease. Despite significant advancements in ovarian cancer therapy, its incidence is on the rise and the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer invasiveness, metastasis and drug resistance remain largely elusive, resulting in poor prognosis. Oncolytic viruses armed with therapeutic transgenes of interest offer an attractive alternative to chemical drugs, which often face innate and acquired drug resistance.

A retrospective prognostic evaluation using unsupervised learning in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with hypertension treated with ACEI/ARB drugs.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 and hypertension who were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor B (ARB) drugs and to identify key features affecting patient prognosis using an unsupervised learning method.

Methods: A large-scale clinical dataset, including patient information, medical history, and laboratory test results, was collected. Two hundred patients with COVID-19 and hypertension were included.

From bench to bedside: Overview of magnetoencephalography in basic principle, signal processing, source localization and clinical applications.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive technique that can precisely capture the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of the brain by measuring the magnetic fields arising from neuronal activity along the order of milliseconds. Observations of brain dynamics have been used in cognitive neuroscience, the diagnosis of neurological diseases, and the brain-computer interface (BCI). In this study, we outline the basic principle, signal processing, and source localization of MEG, and describe its clinical applications for cognitive assessment, the diagnoses of neurological diseases and mental disorders, preoperative evaluation, and the BCI.

Current Status of Cognition and Clinical Practice of Refractory Cancer Pain in Shanghai: A Questionnaire Survey.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the current status of clinical practice of refractory cancer pain (RCP) among a sample of physicians specializing in cancer pain management in Shanghai.

Methods: From 2019 to 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among physicians engaged in diagnosis and treatment of cancer pain through the questionnaire WJX network platform in Shanghai, China.

Results: A total of 238 responses participated in the survey.

Corosolic acid delivered by exosomes from Eriobotrya japonica decreased pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion by inducing SAT1-mediated ferroptosis.

Background: In this study, we investigated whether Exo regulate the proliferation and invasion of PC.

Methods: In this study, we isolated the Eriobotrya japonica Exo using Ultra-high speed centrifugal method. Mass spectrum were used for Exo active components analysis.