Anatomy and histology of the olfactory organ of the javelin goby Synechogobius hasta (Gobiiformes, Gobiidae).

The olfactory organ of Synechogobius hasta was investigated with a focus on its environmental adaptation, using stereo microscopy and light microscopy. This research revealed the following anatomical and histological characteristics: (i) tubular anterior nostril, (ii) one longitudinal lamella, (iii) two accessory nasal sacs, (iv) lymphatic cells in the lower part of the sensory epithelium, (v) four to five villi of olfactory receptor neurons, (vi) abundant blood capillaries beneath the sensory epithelium, and (vii) rod-shaped erythrocytes. These findings hint that the olfactory organ of S.

Histology and morphometry of the skin of purple spaghetti-eel Moringua raitaborua (Anguilliformes, Moringuidae).

The purple spaghetti-eel Moringua raitaborua lives on the sandy or muddy bottoms of estuaries, which are subject to rapid and wide changes in salinity, pH, and osmoregulatory and hypoxic conditions due to the influx of organic materials from sources of freshwater. The species has adapted to hypoxic environments by developing a thicker epidermis with stratified polygonal cells, club cells, two types of mucous cells (goblet and, oval cells), stratified cuboidal cells and dermis with abundant blood capillaries. Among them, histological modification of thinner dorsal, lateral, and ventral body skin to include abundant capillaries and well-developed dermal vascularization may provide cutaneous respiration, permitting survival in brackish waters with low levels of oxygen and variable environmental parameters.

Histology and morphometry of the skin of the trident goby Tridentiger brevispinis (Perciformes, Gobiidae).

The Korean trident goby, Tridentiger brevispinis, lives in adverse habitats that can easily become hypoxic due to low precipitation, regional dry periods, and high amounts of solar radiation. Histological and morphometric studies revealed the goby's specialized skin (35.4-150.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Korean endemic loach (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Cobitidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of a Korean endemic species, (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) was sequenced using the NGS method. Its total mitogenome was 16,561 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and 1 control region (D-loop). The gene order and content were congruent with those of other cobitid species.

Effects of School-Based Exercise Program on Obesity and Physical Fitness of Urban Youth: A Quasi-Experiment.

(1) Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if an after-school intervention program could prevent obesity and promote the physical fitness of urban sedentary school children. (2) Methods: A 16-week after-school physical fitness program was provided to 36 middle school students (7th, 8th, and 9th graders) recruited from a middle school for three days a week. They were high-risk youth showing poor health status (level 4 or 5) in the regular physical fitness evaluation conducted.

PPARγ regulates inflammatory reaction by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

Excessive exercise induces an inflammatory response caused by oxidative stress, which delays recovery of damaged muscle fibers. The reduction of inflammatory response is important for skeletal muscle homeostasis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an anti-inflammatory molecule, but the role of PPARγ in skeletal muscle as anti-inflammatory activity is not clear.

Computer versus paper-and-pencil assessment of educational development: a comparison of psychometric features and examinee preferences.

The purposes of this study were to assess the comparability of scores obtained from computer and paper-and-pencil versions of the Iowa Tests of Educational Development and to evaluate examinees' attitudes about multiple aspects of test administration in the two modes. Findings supported the comparability of scores across administration modes with regard to scaling (means and standard deviations), internal consistency, and criterion- and construct-related validity. Overall, examinees preferred taking the computerized tests and valued many operational features of those tests.