Etiolation promotes protoplast transfection and genome editing efficiency.

In plants, DNA-free genome editing using preassembled clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) has the advantage of avoiding transgene integration and limiting off-target effects. The efficiency of this gene editing strategy can vary, so optimization of protoplast transfection conditions is necessary to achieve maximum yield. In this study, we examined the effects of etiolation, or increased exposure to darkness during cultivation, on the transfection efficiency of protoplasts from lettuce and Chinese cabbage.

Ultrasonographic assessment of ocular parameters in dogs: effects of weight and breed, controlled for BCS and age.

Introduction: Ophthalmic ultrasound is useful tool for examining canine eyes. Previous studies have compared ocular parameters using ophthalmic ultrasonography based on body weight, breed, sex, and age. However, there are limited studies involving large numbers of dogs with controlled body condition score.

Surgical Treatment of Brachiocephalic Artery Aneurysm With Impending Rupture and Tracheal Communication.

Brachiocephalic artery aneurysm is uncommon but may require surgery because it tends to enlarge, rupture, or cause symptoms related to thrombosis or compression. This case report describes a brachiocephalic artery aneurysm in a 72-year-old man who presented at the hospital with dyspnea and hemoptysis resulting from impending rupture and tracheal communication.

The Forgotten Tobamovirus Genes Encoding the 54 kDa Protein and the 4-6 kDa Proteins.

This article reviews the literature concerning the largely forgotten tobamovirus gene products for which no functions have been ascribed. One of these gene products is the 54 kDa protein, representing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase segment of the 183 kDa protein translated from the I-subgenomic mRNA, but which has been found only by in vitro translation and not . The other is a collection of small proteins, expressed from alternative reading frames (likely from internal ribosome entry sites) in either or both the gene or the gene.

NIR-Guided Coating Optimization of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Mini Soft Capsules with Pitavastatin and Ezetimibe.

Background: This study aimed to optimize the coating process of Omega-3 fatty acid (OM3-FA) mini soft capsules containing the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) pitavastatin and ezetimibe using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for in-process monitoring. Cardiovascular disease treatments benefit from combining OM3-FA with lipid-lowering agents, but formulating such combinations in mini soft capsules presents challenges in maintaining stability and mechanical integrity.

Methods: The coating process was developed using a pan coater and real-time NIR monitoring to ensure uniformity and quality.

IL-13Rα2 Is Involved in Resistance to Doxorubicin and Survival of Osteosarcoma Patients.

Background/objectives: Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) is a receptor with a high affinity for IL-13 and is involved in the progression of human cancers. However, studies on the role of IL-13Rα2 in osteosarcoma are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the expression and roles of IL-13Rα2 in the progression of osteosarcoma.

In Vivo Study of Organ and Tissue Stability According to the Types of Bioresorbable Bone Screws.

Biodegradable material, such as magnesium alloy or polylactic acid (PLA), is a promising candidate for orthopedic surgery. The alloying of metals and the addition of rare earths to increase mechanical strength are still questionable in terms of biosafety as absorbent materials. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the effect of substances due to the degradation of various biodegradable substances on organs in the body or surrounding tissues.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Cryptic Genotypes: Insight from Molecular Markers and Phylogenetic Analysis.

The current research work aimed to evaluate the cryptic walnut genotypes of the Hazara region in Pakistan by using DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis. Based on morphological traits such as nut size, nut shape, and the number of leaflets, five genotypes were chosen and samples were collected for the current study. For molecular analysis, gDNA was isolated from the fresh leaves, and the five most effective angiosperm-specific markers, ITS2, , , , and , were utilized.

Molecular Communication of Microbial Plant Biostimulants in the Rhizosphere Under Abiotic Stress Conditions.

Microbial plant biostimulants offer a promising, sustainable solution for enhancing plant growth and resilience, particularly under abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal toxicity. These biostimulants, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, enhance plant tolerance through mechanisms such as phytohormone production, nutrient solubilization, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant enzyme activation. Advances in genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have significantly expanded our understanding of plant-microbe molecular communication in the rhizosphere, revealing mechanisms underlying these interactions that promote stress resilience.

Assessing Post-Vaccination Seroprevalence and Enhancing Strategies for Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccination in Korean Cattle.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the LSD virus (LSDV), a dsDNA virus of the genus Capripoxvirus, represents a significant cross-border infectious threat, particularly impacting cattle and water buffaloes through transmission by blood-feeding insects. Traditionally endemic to Southern Africa, LSD has rapidly spread over the past decade through the Middle East to Eastern Europe and China, reaching Korea in October 2023. This outbreak prompted a nationwide vaccination campaign, addressing both the disease's severe economic impact and its status as a notifiable disease under the World Organisation for Animal Health.

Augmenting Rice Defenses: Exogenous Calcium Elevates GABA Levels Against WBPH Infestation.

This study investigates the impact of exogenous calcium and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on rice growth and stress tolerance under white-backed planthopper (WBPH) infestation. We evaluated several phenotypic traits, including shoot/root length, leaf width, tiller number, panicle length, and relative water content, alongside physiological markers such as oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant enzymes activities, hormonal levels, and amino acids biosynthesis. Our results indicate that WBPH stress significantly reduces growth parameters but calcium and GABA supplementation markedly enhance shoot length (by 26% and 36%) and root length (by 38% and 64%), respectively, compared to WBPH-infested plants.

An Analysis of How Smart Home Product Attributes Influence Older Adults' Avoidance Psychology: The Sequential Mediation Role of Product Identity and Trust.

As an effective method of improving the quality of life of older adults, smart home products have seen significant development and increased popularity in recent years. However, studies on the anti-consumption behaviors of older adults regarding these products remain relatively limited. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the avoidance behavior of older adults toward smart home products by investigating product attributes.

Optimization, Validation, and Application of Cleanup-Coupled Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Analyses of 35 Mycotoxins and Their Derivatives in Cereals.

Mycotoxins occur singly or as co-contaminants and are primarily present in carbohydrate-rich foods such as cereals and cereal-based products. To effectively monitor mycotoxin co-contamination in cereals and cereal-based products, the simultaneous analysis of mycotoxins and their derivatives is required. Therefore, we coupled cleanup with LC-MS/MS for the rapid and robust quantitation of 35 analytes in wheat samples, including ergot alkaloids (EAs), which are rarely included in such analyses.

Grifola frondosa extract as a fetal bovine serum supplement for the culture of bovine muscle satellite cells under low serum conditions.

Expensive fetal bovine serum (FBS) is a major obstacle to the production of cultivated meat. However, because FBS substitutes do not sufficiently induce cell proliferation, a good alternative is to reduce the amount of FBS and use ingestible additives to promote cell proliferation. In this study, Grifola frondosa extract (GFE) was used to investigate its potential as an additive to promote myogenesis of bovine muscle satellite cells from Hanwoo cattle under low serum conditions (10 % FBS).

Extraction and evaluation of features of preterm patent ductus arteriosus in chest X-ray images using deep learning.

Echocardiography is the gold standard of diagnosis and evaluation of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a common condition among preterm infants that can cause hemodynamic abnormalities and increased mortality rates, but this technique requires a skilled specialist and is not always available. Meanwhile, chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is also known to exhibit signs of PDA and is a routine imaging modality in neonatal intensive care units. In this study, we aim to find and objectively define CXR image features that are associated with PDA by training and visually analyzing a deep learning model.

Lack of Serological and Molecular Evidence of Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in Ducks from South Korea.

The duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emerging flavivirus, has led to severe neurological disorders and substantial economic losses in the duck industry throughout Asia. Considering South Korea's increasing duck production and its strategic location along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, this study aimed to assess the presence of DTMUV in South Korea to evaluate potential risks to the poultry industry. We performed a comprehensive serological survey of 1796 serum samples from broiler and breeder ducks collected between 2011 and 2023, alongside molecular detection tests on 51 duck flocks exhibiting suspected clinical signs of DTMUV infection.

Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Hollow TiO Spheres with Enhanced Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications.

Fabricating photoanodes with a strong light-scattering effect can improve the photoconversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this work, a facile microwave hydrothermal process was developed to prepare Au@TiO core-shell nanostructures, and then the Au core was removed by etching, resulting in hollow TiO. Morphological characterizations such as field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy measurements have been used for the successful formation of core-shell and hollow TiO nanostructures.

Hot-Melt Extrusion Drug Delivery System-Formulated Extracts Regulate Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages.

contains valuable bioactive compounds, including astaxanthin, proteins, and fatty acids. Astaxanthin is known for its various health benefits, such as preserving the redox balance and reducing inflammation. However, its low stability and poor water solubility present challenges for various applications.

Fast Autograft Generation Using Transferable 3D Keratinocyte Cell Sheet on PEDOT:PSS Composite PDMS Membrane for Enhancing Wound Healing.

The application of cell sheet technology for wound healing preserves dense cell tissue and the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), contributing to disease prevention. Despite the effectiveness of autologous and allograft cell sheets for wound healing, conventional cell sheets, although stable, may experience necrosis in their middle layers due to a lack of nutrients or oxygen. To address these issues, a novel approach is proposed to create cell sheets using mechanical and electrical stimulation.

A Review of Datasets, Optimization Strategies, and Learning Algorithms for Analyzing Alzheimer's Dementia Detection.

Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory and cognitive function, necessitating early detection for its effective management. This poses a significant challenge to global public health. The early and accurate detection of dementia is crucial for several reasons.

Deciphering the conformational changes induced by high-risk nsSNPs in β-lactoglobulin.

Whey protein from bovine milk is highly valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its high protein content and abundance of essential amino acids. The relationship between whey protein and the β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene has been extensively discussed because BLG is the most abundant whey protein, making up approximately 50 % of the total whey protein in bovine milk. In recent years, researchers have been interested in this gene because of its critical role in healthy milk production, and any genetic polymorphism in this gene may deteriorate the milk quality.

Ginseng and ginseng byproducts for skincare and skin health.

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine with a long history of use for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases. Ginseng is used worldwide as a functional food to maintain human health. In addition, ginseng has been used as a raw ingredient in cosmetics with various applications, ranging from skin toning to anti-aging.