Usnic acid brief exposure suppresses cariogenic properties and complexity of biofilms.

Bacterial biofilms are highly structured surface associated architecture of micro-colonies, which are strongly bonded with the exopolymeric matrix of their own synthesis. These exopolymeric substances, mainly exopolysaccharides (EPS) initially assist the bacterial adhesion and finally form a bridge over the microcolonies to protect them from environmental assaults and antimicrobial exposure. Bacterial cells in dental biofilm metabolize dietary carbohydrates and produce organic acids.

A Comprehensive Overview of the Current Status and Advancements in Various Treatment Strategies against Epilepsy.

Epilepsy affects more than 70 million individuals of all ages worldwide and remains one of the most severe chronic noncommunicable neurological diseases globally. Several neurotransmitters, membrane protein channels, receptors, enzymes, and, more recently noted, various pathways, such as inflammatory and mTORC complexes, play significant roles in the initiation and propagation of seizures. Over the past two decades, significant developments have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.

Roles of metabotropic signaling of nicotine receptors in the development and maintenance of nicotine reward through regulation of dopamine D receptor expression.

The α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), an ionophore, has been suggested to signal through metabotropic pathways and interact with other receptor families, such as dopamine receptors. In this study, the interaction between α4β2 nAChR and dopamine receptors was investigated through in vivo and in vitro studies. Nicotine exposure in adolescent rats is known to induce a sustained increase in nicotine's rewarding effects which was assessed by conditioned place preference (CPP) assay.

Radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 enhances tumor proliferation and invasiveness in breast cancer: implications for poor prognosis in radiotherapy patients.

Radiotherapy is widely used as an effective non-surgical strategy to control malignant tumors. However, recurrence is one of common causes of treatment failure even after the effective radiotherapy. In this study, we focused on the effects of radiation-induced exosomal miR-21 on the tumor microenvironment to investigate the causes of recurrence.

Optimizing prone CT use for suspected interstitial lung abnormalities.

Objectives: We investigated whether supine chest CT alone suffices for diagnosing ILAs, thereby reducing the need for prone chest CT.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent prone chest CT for suspected ILAs from January 2021 to July 2023, with matching supine CT within 1 year, were retrospectively evaluated. Five multinational thoracic radiologists independently rated ILA suspicion and fibrosis scores (1 to 5-point) and ILA extent (1-100%) using supine CT first, then combined supine-prone CT after a 1-month washout.

First Report of Rust Caused by on L. in Korea.

Fig (Ficus carica L.) belonging to the Moraceae family is cultivated worldwide, with its primary production areas located in the Mediterranean region (Tous and Fergusen 1996). Yeongam-gun is a significant region for fig cultivation in Korea, accounting for 42% of the country's total fig cultivation area with approximately 1,400 fields (453ha, production yield 6000 tons).

DNA-free base editing in lettuce via in vitro transcribed base editors.

A newly developed RNA-based adenine and cytosine base editing system achieves targeted and efficient A-to-G and C-to-T conversions in lettuce. This DNA-free base editing method has potential uses in crop breeding and biotechnology.

Zwitterion Interlocked Diarylethene Molecules Order, Unconnected Diarylethene Molecules Disorder.

A diarylethene-based zwitterionic molecule (DZM) is newly synthesized for the development of smart films exhibiting reversible color change and switchable ionic conductivity in response to external light stimuli. This dual molecular building block is constructed through zwitterionic interlocking and strong phase separation between the dendron-shaped aliphatic tails and the diarylethene head. Uniaxial shear coating and molecular self-assembly result in anisotropically oriented nanostructures, which are further solidified through photopolymerization.

Enhanced ethylenediamine detection using WO-BiVOnanoflakes heterostructure with exceptional adsorption capabilities: experimental and theoretical studies.

The present work describes the synthesis of WO-BiVO-nanoflakes heterostructure (NFHs) by a single step hydrothermal method. The analysis of crystalline phases and structural behavior deduced the formation of good crystal quality WO-BiVONFHs. Under microscopic observation, the as-prepared WO-BiVOdisplayed uniform and conspicuous nanoflakes like structures.

Concomitant, Acquired Cavo-Azygos Shunt and Spleno-Gastroepiploic Bypass After Multiple Venous Obstruction in a Dog.

A 13-year-old intact female Shih Tzu presented with anorexia, panting and pain of unknown origin. Physical examination was normal except for a systolic murmur (grade 3/6). Abdominal radiographs revealed an ill-defined area of increased opacity in the mid-abdomen.

Sexual decision-making: an exploratory interview study of Cambodian adolescents.

Introduction: The rate of sexual activity among adolescents is very high, with serious repercussions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases. Understanding the factors that influence adolescents' engagement in sexual activity is crucial for promoting healthy sexual attitudes and behaviors in schools, sex education programs, communities, and families. This study aimed to examine the factors influencing sexual decision-making among Cambodian adolescents.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma arising in the pituitary gland: A case report.

Rationale: Primary pituitary lymphoma is defined as a lymphoma that develops only in the pituitary gland without involvement of other areas.

Patient Concerns: We present the case of a 61-year-old female patient who underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal approach for the preoperative diagnosis of a pituitary macroadenoma based on radiological findings.

Diagnoses: Microscopically, the capillaries were distended by tumor cells.

Pasteurized HB05 (HB05P) Improves Muscle Strength and Function: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background/objectives: Sarcopenia, a condition marked by muscle wasting due to aging or inactivity, severely affects older populations. We previously showed that pasteurized HB05 (HB05P), sourced from the breast milk of healthy Korean women, could mitigate muscle wasting in a dexamethasone-induced rat model. Here, we explored whether the oral administration of HB05P can enhance muscle strength and functionality in elderly individuals.

Dynamics of Blister Actuation in Laser-Induced Forward Transfer for Contactless Microchip Transfer.

The rapid evolution of microelectronics and display technologies has driven the demand for advanced manufacturing techniques capable of precise, high-speed microchip transfer. As devices shrink in size and increase in complexity, scalable and contactless methods for microscale placement are essential. Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) has emerged as a transformative solution, offering the precision and adaptability required for next-generation applications such as micro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs).

Enhancing the Performance and Stability of Li-CO Batteries Through LAGTP Solid Electrolyte and MWCNT/Ru Cathode Integration.

Li-CO batteries (LCBs) have emerged as promising solutions for energy storage, with the added benefit of contributing to carbon neutrality by capturing and utilizing CO during operation. In this study, a high-performance LCB was developed using a Ge-doped LiAlGeTi (PO) (LAGTP) solid electrolyte, which was synthesized via a solution-based method by doping Ge into NASICON-type LATP. The ionic conductivity of the LAGTP pellets was measured as 1.

Permanent Strain Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide Using Laser-Driven Stressors for Energy-Efficient Resistive Switching Memory Devices.

Strain engineering provides an attractive approach to enhance device performance by modulating the intrinsic electrical properties of materials. This is especially applicable to 2D materials, which exhibit high sensitivity to mechanical stress. However, conventional methods, such as using polymer substrates, to apply strain have limitations in that the strain is temporary and global.

What Is the Difference Between Laboratory-Scale and Pilot-Scale Grape-Based Products for Older Adults with Chewing Difficulties?

This study was conducted to develop a grape product that can facilitate fruit intake for elderly people with chewing difficulties. In addition, the possibility of field application for future prototype production was investigated by comparing laboratory-scale (lab-scale) and pilot-scale production. The stages (stage 1: able to eat with teeth, stage 2: able to eat with gums, stage 3: able to eat with tongue) of the products were determined according to the Korean Industrial Standards for Seniors Friendly Foods (KS H 4897), and the physicochemical composition was measured according to the general test method of the Food Code.

Comparative Analysis of Different Extracellular Matrices for the Maintenance of Bovine Satellite Cells.

Cultured meat produced using satellite cells has emerged to address issues such as overpopulation, the ethical conundrums associated with the breeding environment, and the methane gas emissions associated with factory farming. To date, however, the challenges of maintaining satellite cells in vitro and reducing the costs of the culture media are still substantial. Gelatin, collagen, and fibronectin are commonly used extracellular matrices (ECMs) that facilitate signal integration with the cells and promote cell adhesion.

First Report of Polymorphisms and Genetic Characteristics of Protein Gene () in Cats.

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by the misfolding of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP) into its infectious isoform (PrP). Although prion diseases in humans, sheep, goats, and cattle have been extensively studied, feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) remains poorly understood. Genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the prion protein gene () and protein gene (), have been linked to prion disease susceptibility in various species.

Ternary Logic Transistors Using Multi-Stacked 2D Electron Gas Channels in Ultrathin Oxide Heterostructures.

2D electron gas field-effect transistors (2DEG-FETs), employing 2DEG formed at an interface of ultrathin (≈6 nm) AlO/ZnO heterostructure as the active channel, exhibit outstanding drive current (≈215 µA), subthreshold swing (≈132 mV dec), and field effect mobility (≈49.6 cm V s) with a high on/off current ratio of ≈10. It is demonstrated that the AlO upper layer in AlO/ZnO heterostructure acts as the source/drain resistance component during transistor operations, and the applied potential to the 2DEG channel is successfully modulated by AlO thickness variations so that the threshold voltage (V) is effectively tuned.

Causing Powdery Mildew on in Korea.

Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as yarrow or common yarrow, is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, and North America (https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.

The unique role of fluoxetine in alleviating depression and anxiety by regulating gut microbiota and the expression of vagus nerve-mediated serotonin and melanocortin-4 receptors.

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used for depression, but its potential effects on gut microbiota regulation and vagus nerve-mediated serotonin receptor expression have not been well studied. We investigated changes in the gut microbiome regulated by fluoxetine and vagus nerve-mediated expression of several serotonin (5-HT) receptor types associated with anxiety and depression. Oral administration of fluoxetine alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive and anxiety behaviors, increased 5-HT1A, 2 C, and melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor expression, and the composition of Lactobacillus in mice's gut microbiome.

Effect of high-flow nasal cannula therapy on mechanical ventilation duration in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy has gained popularity in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, the nationwide effect of HFNC on mechanical ventilation duration has not been studied.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric patients (28 days to 17 years old) admitted to tertiary ICUs for respiratory support from 2012 to 2019 using the Korean National Health Insurance database.

Revealing antimicrobial resistance profile and associated factors of isolated from clinical, environmental, and seafood samples across asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in highly virulent poses a significant public health concern in Asia. Profiling the antibiogram of this pathogen is crucial for revealing its complex AMR patterns and guiding the selection of appropriate medications. Although previous studies have provided valuable insights regarding AMR, they are constrained by limited sample diversity, inconsistent methodologies, and insufficient regional data.