Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions for Preventing Obesity in Children: A Narrative Review.

The global rise in overweight and obesity among children presents significant health challenges. Schools, as key social environments, can effectively influence children's dietary and physical activity habits due to the substantial time students spend there. School-based interventions can reach nearly all children and impact their environment's sociocultural and policy aspects to promote healthier habits.

Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Agents in Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled rials.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness in preterm infants with low birth weight. The efficacy and safety of prophylactic agents, including vitamin A, propranolol and lipids, in reducing ROP incidence remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of these agents in preventing ROP.

Five Year Review of All Examined Corneal Tissue in a Tertiary Eye Care Center: Demographics and Surgical Indications.

Background: Corneal pathologies are among the most common reversible sight-threatening diseases globally. As such, corneal tissue transplantation (keratoplasty) techniques are evolving over time depending on the prevalence of different pathologies in each geographical area. We aim to provide a baseline information on the common keratoplasty procedures performed in our area in relation to prevalent corneal pathologies and to analyze common corneal surgical practice trends in our area.

Case report: Inferior valved for non-valved glaucoma drainage device exchange for glaucoma control and cosmesis.

Introduction: While the exchange of a superior valved glaucoma drainage device (GDD) for a non-valved GDD has been reported for achieving glaucoma control, inferior GDD exchange for improving the cosmetic appearance of the eyes due to poor appearance caused by encapsulated GDDs has not been previously documented. Here, we report on two patients with inferior valved GDDs who underwent an exchange for non-valved devices for glaucoma control and cosmetic improvement.

Case Description: We report on the case of a 23-year-old gentleman and that of an 8-year-old girl, both of whom had inferior valved GDDs with uncontrolled intraocular pressure and unsightly appearance due to encapsulated GDD plates within the palpebral aperture.

Tacrolimus Ointment in Periorbital Atopic Dermatitis.

Periorbital atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common sign in ophthalmological practice and usually has a persistent and relapsing course. Treatment with topical corticosteroids has various side effects associated with their usage. Tacrolimus topical ointment has unique immunomodulatory properties that decrease skin inflammation and pruritus in AD.

Long-term outcomes of cyclophotocoagulation in refractory pediatric glaucoma: treatment response and success in 262 eyes.

Purpose: To report the surgical success and response to treatment for children undergoing cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) for refractory pediatric glaucoma.

Methods: The medical records of children with a diagnosis of glaucoma who underwent a first CPC between May 2000 and May 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The cumulative probability of success was assessed.

Unilateral Congenital Lenticular Pigmentation.

Introduction: Release of pigments in the anterior chamber is frequently observed in pigment dispersion syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder marked by bilateral pigment deposition on the anterior and possibly posterior lens capsule, zonules of the lens, trabecular meshwork, and corneal endothelium, in addition to radial, spoke-like transillumination defects in the mid peripheral iris [J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2017;29(3):412-414 and Optom Vis Sci. 1995;72(10):756-762].

Painless Orbital Bone Infarction in a Child with Sickle Cell Anemia: A Case of Misdiagnosed Periorbital Cellulitis.

BACKGROUND Sickle cell orbitopathy is a rare complication of sickle cell disease that closely mimics other conditions, such as orbital cellulitis and osteomyelitis. We report a case of painless orbital bone infarction masquerading as periorbital cellulitis in a child with sickle cell anemia. CASE REPORT A 4-year-old Saudi girl with sickle cell disease presented to our hospital with vaso-occlusive crisis characterized by bilateral lower limb pain and painless left orbital swelling.

Examining Saudi Physicians' Approaches to Communicate Bad News and Bridging Generational Gaps.

Breaking bad news is an intrinsic aspect of physicians' clinical practices. This study aims to investigate how Saudi physicians manage the process of communicating bad news and explore potential differences in breaking bad news practices between young physicians (interns) and their older colleagues. From 1 March to 15 April 2023, ok an anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore the communication practices of Saudi physicians concerning breaking bad news using the Communicating Bad News Questionnaire.

Prevalence and Determinants of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease Among Adult Urban Residents of High-Altitude Areas of Southwest Saudi Arabia - A Survey.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence and determinants of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score based dry eye disease (DED) among the adult urban population of four cities located at high altitudes in Southwest Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was held in 2023. OSDI questionnaire was used to collect the responses of the adult participants.

Jeddah Retinopathy of Prematurity (JED-ROP) Screening Algorithm.

The Jeddah retinopathy of prematurity (JED-ROP) algorithm, which is more specific to the population in Saudi Arabia, was established to decrease the number of infants screened without missing type 1 ROP cases. The data reviewed were birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), weekly postnatal weight gain (PWG), and relevant perinatal risk factors. The sensitivities and specificities for detecting type 1 ROP were calculated.

Ocular Chemical Injuries in Western Saudi Arabia: A Study of the Public's Level of Knowledge and Experience.

Background: Chemical burns are potentially blinding eye injuries and are serious ocular emergencies that necessitate prompt evaluation and treatment.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and experience of the current practice of ocular chemical injuries among the general population in western Saudi Arabia.

Methods: An electronic self-administrated structured survey was distributed among citizens using social media channels in November 2022.

Validation of three weight gain-based algorithms as a screening tool to detect retinopathy of prematurity: A multicenter study.

Purpose: Screening guidelines for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are updated frequently to help clinicians identify infants at risk of type 1 ROP. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of three different predictive algorithms-WINROP, ROPScore, and CO-ROP-in detecting ROP in preterm infants in a developing country.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 386 preterm infants from two centers between 2015 and 2021.

Unilateral High Intraocular Pressure, Cataract, and Retinal Detachment in Waardenburg Syndrome.

Waardenburg syndrome was first described in 1951 by Dutch ophthalmologist Petrus Johannes Waardenburg (1886-1979). It is an auditory-pigmentary syndrome that results from a lack of melanocytes in the hair, skin, eyes, or stria vascularis of the cochlea. It accounts for more than 2% of congenitally deaf individuals [Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.

Orbital bone infarction masquerading as preseptal cellulitis in a child with sickle beta-thalassaemia.

Although several ophthalmic manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD) are common, orbital bone infarction is rare. Orbital bones have less bone marrow creating an unlikely place to develop infarction. However, having a patient with SCD presenting with periorbital swelling should warrant imaging to rule out bone infarction.

Visual outcomes of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a neuro-ophthalmology clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder with elevated intracranial pressure more than 250 mm H2O, without evidence of meningeal inflammation, space-occupying lesion, or venous thrombosis. In this study, we aim to study the clinical profile, evaluation, management, and visual outcome in a hospital-based population of IIH cases in Jeddah.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study that included the medical records of all patients referred to neuro-ophthalmology service for evaluation of papilledema.

Compliance with contact lens care and factors driving noncompliance in health-care students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess compliance to contact lens care behaviors and determine common factors influencing noncompliance among a population of university students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which a previously validated self-administered questionnaire consisting of 12 questions addressing compliance to contact lens wear and care was E-mailed through the university message center.

Results: A total of 388 participants completed the questionnaire.

"Smart Optometry" phone-based application as a visual acuity testing tool among pediatric population.

Objectives: To evaluate the validity of a smartphone-based application for visual acuity (VA) testing in children and to compare parent and clinician-performed VA to standard VA assessment.

Methods: A cohort of 100 children aged <18 years old was recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to either start with conventional distance VA chart screening or the smartphone VA assessment twice by both the clinician and the caregiver if applicable.

Gender Differences in Smoking Attitude among Saudi Medical Students.

Background: Smoking is a growing public health problem throughout the world. However, the attitude of males and females toward smoking may differ. Therefore, this study examines gender differences in smoking behavior and attitude among Saudi medical students.

Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injection for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Laser photocoagulation and/or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections constitute the current standard treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of anti-VEGF monotherapy for ROP treatment using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Methods: We searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases.

Presumed acute suppurative bacterial dacryoadenitis with concurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection.

Acute suppurative bacterial dacryoadenitis (ASBD) was not reported to occur following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We are presenting a unique case of concurrent presumed ASBD with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A 23-year-old previously healthy male presented with right upper eyelid swelling and pain over the lacrimal gland area for 3 days.

Joubert Syndrome Presenting With Oculomotor Apraxia and Motor Developmental Delay: A Case Report From a Neuro-Ophthalmology Clinic in Saudi Arabia.

Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that was first described in 1969. It can present with neonatal respiratory distress, ocular motility abnormalities, developmental delays, and other congenital cerebellar malformations. It is also connected to autism, hydrocephalus, and duodenal atresia.