Bidirectional interplay of sleep apnea syndrome and cardio-vascular disorders in diabetes.

Although often overlooked sleep apnea has emerged as a significant public health concern. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes commonly co-exist with a vicious cycle worsening the incidence and severity of both conditions. OSA has many implications including cardiometabolic disorders and impaired cardiovascular (CV) prognosis.

Improving pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic outcomes of antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia in the ICU.

Introduction: Pneumonia remains a significant global health challenge due to its high prevalence and mortality rate, and challenging treatment. This review explores the best strategies to optimize the antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in critically ill patients, focusing on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic data.

Areas Covered: A review of scientific publications on severe pneumonia highlights the challenges of optimizing antibiotic use to improve lung diffusion, bacterial killing, and achieving PK/PD targets, emphasizing the need to understand microbiological epidemiology and MIC breakpoints.

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Gonadotropins Used for Ovarian Stimulation during Assisted Reproductive Technology Based on Data from the French Nationwide Claims Database (SNDS).

Objective: Various gonadotropins are used for ovarian stimulation (OS). This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of different gonadotropins based on real-world data from the French National Health Database (SNDS) over a 7-year follow-up of assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments.

Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis of different gonadotropins based on real-world data from the SNDS was conducted.

New Insights on In Vitro Maturation of Oocytes for Fertility Preservation.

In the last decade, the evolution of oncofertility has sparked a resurgence of interest in in vitro maturation (IVM) due to its suitability in certain oncological scenarios where controlled ovarian hyperstimulation may not be feasible. The retrieval of immature cumulus-oocyte complexes from small antral follicles, regardless of the menstrual cycle phase, presents a swift opportunity to vitrify mature oocytes or embryos post-IVM in urgent situations or when stimulation is not advisable. Harvesting immature cumulus-oocyte complexes and immature oocytes can be achieved transvaginally or directly in the laboratory from extracorporeal ovarian tissue.

Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Is Less Frequent in Smokers: A French Observational Study of 15,801 Women.

We aimed to explore the still-debated association between smoking and hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (HIP). A multiethnic prospective study of 15,801 women who delivered at Jean Verdier University Hospital between 2012 and 2018. Of these, 13,943 (88.

Effect of breast cancer prognostic factors on ovarian reserve and response in fertility preservation.

Research Question: Do breast cancer prognostic factors influence ovarian reserve and response to ovarian stimulation in the context of fertility preservation?

Design: Observational, bicentric retrospective study of 352 women with breast cancer who underwent ovarian stimulation using a random start gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist protocol and vitrified oocytes between November 2015 and August 2022. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count (AFC) were measured. The number of oocytes recovered, maturation rate and follicular output rate (FORT) were analysed according to patients' characteristics and breast cancer prognostic factors.

Pretreatment with luteal estradiol for programming antagonist cycles compared to no pretreatment in advanced age women stimulated with corifollitropin alfa: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Study Question: Does luteal estradiol (E2) pretreatment give a similar number of retrieved oocytes compared to no-pretreatment in advanced-aged women stimulated with corifollitropin alfa in an antagonist protocol?

Summary Answer: Programming antagonist cycles with luteal E2 gave similar number of retrieved oocytes compared to no-pretreatment in women aged 38-42 years.

What Is Known Already: Programming antagonist cycles with luteal E2 pretreatment is a valuable tool to organize the IVF procedure better and is safe without any known impact on cycle outcome. However, variable effects were observed on the number of retrieved oocytes depending on the treated population.

Activity of apremilast in a patient with severe pemphigus vulgaris: case report.

Introduction: Although the treatment for pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has been revolutionized by the use of rituximab combined with corticosteroids, new effective therapies with a better safety profile are needed.

Observation: A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed with severe mucosal PV, which was initially misdiagnosed as atypical Behçet's disease. Following an unsuccessful colchicine treatment, significant improvement was observed upon the introduction of apremilast: reduced pain, fewer lesions, and a stabilized weight.

From Bed to Bench: Pre-analytical Stability of 29 Anti-infective Agents in Plasma and Whole Blood to Improve Accuracy of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring requires a validated assay and appropriate conditions for sample shipment and storage based on the stability of the compound to be analyzed. This study evaluated the stability of 29 antimicrobial compounds in whole blood (WB) and plasma samples under various storage conditions.

Methods: The pre-analytical stability of 22 antibiotics (amoxicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftobiprole, ceftolozane, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, cloxacillin, daptomycin, levofloxacin, linezolid, meropenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, piperacillin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim), 2 beta-lactamase inhibitors (avibactam, tazobactam), and 5 antituberculosis drugs (ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifabutin, and rifampicin) was assessed by WB for up to 24 hours at room temperature (RT) and 72 hours at +4°C.

MARRIAGE: A Randomized Trial of Moxonidine Ramipril or in Combination With Ramipril in Overweight Patients With Hypertension and Impaired Fasting Glucose or Diabetes Mellitus. Impact on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Metabolic Parameters.

Background: Moxonidine, an imidazoline I receptor agonist, is an effective antihypertensive drug that was shown to improve insulin sensitivity. RAAS-blockers are recommended as first-line therapy in patients with diabetes, alone or in combination with a calcium-channel antagonist or a diuretic.

Aims: This study compared the effects of moxonidine and ramipril on blood pressure (BP) and glucose metabolism in overweight patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes.

Fertility outcomes several years after urgent fertility preservation for patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To study the fertility outcomes of women who tried to conceive after breast cancer (BC) treatment and fertility preservation.

Design: Retrospective observational, bicentric cohort study.

Setting: University hospital.

Coxsackievirus infection induces direct pancreatic β cell killing but poor antiviral CD8 T cell responses.

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection of pancreatic β cells is associated with β cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. We investigated how CVB affects human β cells and anti-CVB T cell responses. β cells were efficiently infected by CVB in vitro, down-regulated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I, and presented few, selected HLA-bound viral peptides.

Survival without severe neonatal morbidity after antenatal betamethasone dose reduction: a post hoc analysis of a randomized non-inferiority trial.

Background: Antenatal betamethasone is recommended before preterm delivery to accelerate fetal lung maturation. However, its optimal dose remains unknown. A 50% dose reduction was proposed to decrease the potential dose-related long-term neurodevelopmental side effects, including psychological development, sleep, and emotional disorders.

Is controlled ovarian stimulation safe in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

Introduction: Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for oocyte/embryo cryopreservation is the method of choice for fertility preservation (FP) in young patients diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer (eBC). Nevertheless, some challenges still question its role, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting, where concerns arise about potential delay in the onset of anticancer treatment, and in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease, as cancer cells may proliferate under the estrogenic peak associated with stimulation. Therefore, this review aims to examine the available evidence on the safety of COS in eBC patients eligible for neoadjuvant treatment (NAT), particularly in HR+ disease.

Spectacular Improvement of Paradoxical Reaction in Tuberculosis after Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antagonist Therapy.

We report the case of a 42-year-old immunocompetent Indian patient presenting with miliary tuberculosis complicated by respiratory failure requiring intubation. Conventional quadritherapy was initiated for wild-type . On day 29 of antibiotic treatment, persistent fever and neurological deterioration prompted the diagnosis of multiple brain and medullary tuberculomas, some surrounded by edema.

Artificial intelligence in the practice of forensic medicine: a scoping review.

Forensic medicine is a thriving application field for artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, AI applications intended to forensic pathologists or forensic physicians have emerged since the last decade. For example, AI models were developed to help estimate the biological age of migrants or human remains.

The Prognosis of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies in Women With Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy.

Context: We recently reported that the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) was not associated with large-for-gestational-age infants in women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP).

Objective: We explored the association between the presence of GADA and other HIP-related adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This observational prospective study, conducted at a university hospital in a suburb of Paris, France, included 1182 consecutive women with HIP measured for GADA at HIP care initiation between 2012 and 2017.

Impact of experiencing multiple vulnerabilities on fetal growth and complications in women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

Background: In women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy living in France, psychosocial deprivation is associated with both earlier and greater exposure to the condition, as well as poorer maternofetal prognosis. We explored the impact of this and two other socioeconomic vulnerability indicators-food insecurity and poor language proficiency-on adherence to prenatal care and maternal and fetal outcomes.

Methods: In a socially deprived suburb of Paris, we selected women who delivered between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2018 and received care (nurse, dietician, diabetologist evaluation, advice, regular follow-up to adjust insulin doses if requested) for hyperglycemia in pregnancy.

Identification of Psycho-Socio-Judicial Trajectories and Factors Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in People Over 15 Years of Age Who Recently Reported Sexual Assault to a Forensic Medical Center: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study Using Mixed Methods and Artificial Intelligence.

Background: Sexual assault (SA) can lead to a range of adverse effects on physical, sexual, and mental health, as well as on one's social life, financial stability, and overall quality of life. However, not all people who experience SA will develop negative functional outcomes. Various risk and protective factors can influence psycho-socio-judicial trajectories.