Case report of patient experience influenced by inadequate interactions between primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare services in the south of Saudi Arabia.

This report explains how health system failure can hinder provision of healthcare for a common health problem. Inadequate healthcare delivery can create barriers, lead to stress, prolong waiting time, and affect overall well-being of patients.

Botulinum toxin in the management of myofascial pain associated with temporomandibular dysfunction.

Introduction: Critical evidence on the therapeutic efficacy of botulinum toxins (BTX) is still lacking for most pain conditions. The aim of this review was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of BTX in the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain.

Materials And Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature were searched for randomized clinical trials until February 2018 to answer a focused question "What is the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in the management of temporomandibular myofascial pain?" Two independent reviewers performed the study selection according to eligibility criteria.

Association of interferon gamma gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian patients: A multicenter, family-based study.

Background And Aim: Polymorphisms in some genes may influence the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, clinical outcome, HCV replication, and liver damage. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) gene at (+874 T/A, -764 G/C, -179 C/A) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and its receptor (IFN-γR2) at (rs 2786067 A/C) SNP in the susceptibility of Egyptian families to HCV infection with high-resolution techniques.

Methods: In total, 517 Egyptian families, with 2246 subjects, were recruited to this study from the Upper and Lower Egypt governorates and were classified into three groups: 1034 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus, 108 subjects with spontaneous virus clearance (SVC), and 1104 subjects as a healthy control group.

Scope of Mathematical Biology in Cancer Research.

Mathematical biology involves the use of mathematical models derived from biological data to predict the course or outcome of a biological event. In oncology, mathematics plays a vital role in determining the tumor behavior and the optimal treatment strategy including the right combination of treatment modality to be used, and the timing and duration of the treatment. The major limiting factor in mathematical oncology is the inability to obtain accurate biological data to formulate appropriate mathematical models.

New Directions for Oral Submucous Fibrosis Research: Whole Evaluation for Holistic Rehabilitation!

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) associated with prolonged betel-quid (BQ) use. It affects both physiological and psychological dimensions, leading to a significant morbidity. Some challenges in OSF research include: Assessment and correction of: (i) Quality of life, (ii) burning sensation, and (iii) nutritional deficiency.

"Mind" in Betel-quid Use and Related Disorders.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a unique predisposing state called oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Wide variety of carcinogenic insult in the form of detrimental habits can contribute to the causation of variety of OPMDs..

Laser Capture Microdissection in Oral Cancer.

Oral cancer is one of the most significant public health concerns in the world. The past decades have witnessed the trend of molecular profiling for diagnostic and prognostic implications.

Oral Manifestations in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Chronic Renal Failure Patients receiving Hemodialysis.

To assess the prevalence of oral findings in diabetic and nondiabetic chronic renal failure (CRF) patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). This study was conducted on 144 CRF patients undergoing HD therapy. They were further classified into diabetic and nondiabetic groups and also according to the duration of CRF.

Quality of Life-related "Patient-reported Outcome Measures" in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Patients.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the patients' perspectives about the impact of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) on life quality.

Materials And Methods: Thirty clinically diagnosed OSF patients with a wide degree of disease severity and diverse range of sociodemographic profile were included in this study. Fourteen participants were interviewed and four focus group discussions were conducted in nonclinical settings.

Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal.

Introduction: Ceramics are widely applied in dentistry owing to their excellent mechanical and physical attributes. The most popular ceramics are Lava™, KaVo Everest, and Cercon. However, it is unclear whether or not a different surface treatment along with low-temperature aging and mechanical loading (ML) affects the physical properties of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-machined yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramic.

Angiogenesis and Fibrogenesis in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Viewpoint.

Unlabelled: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is characterized by excessive fibrosis of submucosa. The degree of vascularity in OSF has always been a matter of debate. Angiogenesis is the key mechanism involved in regeneration and repair.

Probiotics in Caries Prevention.

Past few decades have seen a significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries at a global scale. To reduce the pervasiveness of cariogenic microflora, various efforts have been undertaken. However, completely eradicating caries-associated microorganisms has been futile.

Three-dimensional Printing in Reconstructive Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing involves the process of constructing a 3D solid object from a digital file. Charles Hull was the first to introduce 3D printer in 1983 by using the technique of stereolithography. Since the 1990s 3D printing has gained attention in the field of medicine where more precision is required and has largely replaced the traditional technique in prosthetic works.

Quality of Life Assessment should be Part of Oral Health Evaluations in Day-to-day Practice.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity." Quality of Life (QoL) is a crucial and often required measure of an individual's general well-being. The QoL is an established term incorporating different facets of life like physical, psychological, social, economical, spiritual, cognitional, and sexual dimensions.

Institutional Ethics Committee Regulations and Current Updates in India.

Aim: The aim of the review is to provide current updates on regulations for ethics committees and researchers in India.

Background: Ethical dilemmas in research since time immemorial have been a major concern for researchers worldwide. The question "what makes clinical research ethical" is significant and difficult to answer as multiple factors are involved.

Oral Health Hazards of Water Pipe Smoking: Current Evidence.

Water pipe smoking (WPS) has been a traditional habit in the Middle Eastern Society for hundreds of years. The WPS users have a false sense of safety due to its casual use in social gatherings. It was estimated that about 70% of WPS users believe it to be a safe alternative to cigarette smoking.

Emperipolesis: An Unreported Novel Phenomenon in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Emperipolesis is a phenomenon characterized by engulfment of hematopoietic cells by megakaryocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, and malignant cells within their cytoplasm. This phenomenon has been reported in various physiological and pathological conditions including malignancies. However, emperipolesis has never been reported in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) till date.

Etiologic Association between Epstein-Barr Virus and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Brief Evidence-based Discussion.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes virus-4, belongs to the γ-subfamily of herpes viruses. Nearly 90 to 95% of the world's adult population is an asymptomatic carrier of EBV..

Multifaceted Role of Calcium in Cancer.

Role of calcium in bone remodeling and tooth remineral-ization is well known. However, calcium also plays a very imperative role in many biochemical reactions, which are essential for normal functioning of cells. The calcium associated tissue homeostasis encompasses activities like proliferation, cell death, cell motility, oxygen, and nutrient supply.

Artificial Intelligence vs. Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Continuous Bead Milling Process for Bacterial Cell Lysis.

For a commercially viable recombinant intracellular protein production process, efficient cell lysis and protein release is a major bottleneck. The recovery of recombinant protein, cholesterol oxidase (COD) was studied in a continuous bead milling process. A full factorial response surface methodology (RSM) design was employed and compared to artificial neural networks coupled with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA).

Bipartite Task of Immunity in Cancer Progression.

The spontaneous regression and remission from malignancy was defined by Everson and Cole as "the partial or complete disappearance of a malignant tumor in the absence of all treatment, or in the presence of therapy which is considered inadequate to exert significant influence on neoplastic disease."

Antibacterial Effect of New Bioceramic Pulp Capping Material on the Main Cariogenic Bacteria.

Background: The purpose of this research was to assess the antibacterial activity of a new bioceramic pulp capping material (endosequence root repair material [ERRM]) against the main cariogenic bacteria: Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli and compare the results with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Dycal).

Materials And Methods: The isolation of MS group bacteria and Lactobacillus (LB) spp. from stimulated saliva was performed with in-office caries risk test bacteria dip slide test.

Messenger Services on Smartphone: Changing Trends of Communication in Dental Practice.

A smartphone has become an integral part of human life. It is estimated that there will be 200 million smartphone users in India by the end of 2016 and India will become the second largest smartphone market in the world.(1) Accordingly, Internet use on mobile has also flourished extraordinarily, and by the end of 2017, there will be 314 million Internet users in India.

Inherited Oral Cancer: A Rare Reality.

Majority of oral cancers (around 90-95%) found today are caused by various environmental factors. These generally include the chemical and physical carcinogens, like tobacco, diet, microorganisms, radiations, etc. The remaining 5% of the cases are caused by inherited mutated genes carrying the defect.