Kidney outcomes in children with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis from a low- and middle- income country.

Background: Limited data exists regarding the clinical course and outcomes of children with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) from low- and middle- income countries.

Methods: Children aged 1-18 years with biopsy-proven primary FSGS followed from January 2010-June 2023 in a tertiary-care center were enrolled and their clinical profile, histological characteristics, kidney outcomes, and predictors of adverse outcomes were determined.

Results: Over 13 years, 73 (54.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Versus Nasal Prong Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Children With Moderate to Severe Acute Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To compare high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal prong bubble continuous positive airway pressure (b-CPAP) in children with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis.

Design: A randomized controlled trial was carried out from August 2019 to February 2022. (Clinical Trials Registry of India number CTRI/2019/07/020402).

Comparing the outcomes of rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy complicated with and without atrial fibrillation: A propensity score matched analysis.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant with rheumatic valvular lesions (RHD). We aimed to assess the rate of occurrence of AF in pregnant with RHD and its impact on cardiac and maternal-fetal outcomes compared to those without it.

Methods: The study group consisted of pregnant women with RHD and AF (cases) and a matched comparison group of pregnant women with RHD but without AF (controls) was derived from the database of pregnant women with RHD receiving care at our center between 2011 and 2021.

Urinary megalin levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with renal function.

Purpose: Megalin is a glycoprotein molecule found on proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. The objectives of this study were to determine urinary megalin levels in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with and without type 2 diabetic nephropathy and to assess the correlation between urinary megalin, urinary albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetic patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India for 2 years.

Low C4A copy numbers and higher HERV gene insertion contributes to increased risk of SLE, with absence of association with disease phenotype and disease activity.

Low copy numbers (CNs) of C4 genes are associated with systemic autoimmune disorders and affects autoantibody diversity and disease subgroups. The primary objective of this study was to characterize diversity of complement (C4) and C4-Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) gene copy numbers in SLE. We also sought to assess the association of C4 and C4-HERV CNs with serum complement levels, autoantibodies, disease phenotypes and activity.

Next Generation Sequencing in orthopaedic infections - Where is the road headed?

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a game changer in the field of orthopaedic diagnostics, notably in the detection and management of infections associated with prosthetic joints and implants. This paper conducts an exhaustive examination of the pivotal role, outcomes, and prospective future uses of NGS in diagnosing orthopaedic infections. In comparison to conventional culture-based methods, NGS offers a marked improvement in sensitivity thereby facilitating prompt and comprehensive identification of pathogens.

Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Vasa Previa With Careful Intraoperative Management: A Case Report.

Vasa previa is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition to the fetus. Timely antenatal diagnosis and delivery by cesarean section (CS) can lead to a favorable outcome. Here, we report a case of recurrent pregnancy loss (G3A2) with vasa previa, which was diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound.

Longitudinal Echocardiographic Follow-Up of a Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Cohort.

Objective: Significant involvement of the cardiovascular system is known in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). This study aimed to examine the recovery of affected cardiovascular parameters over a medium-term follow-up.

Methods: A cohort of 69 children was studied prospectively.

Decision Making in Complicated Chronic Otitis Media- Squamous Active Disease on Surgical Approach: How it Influenced the Outcome?

Chronic Otitis Media (COM) with complications is a common clinical entity in Otorhinolaryngology, but advances in antibiotics and surgical techniques have reduced complication rates and mortality. Management warrants surgical disease clearance, the choice of surgical approach of which may vary. Endaural approach is a less commonly performed approach in view of its complexity and surgical expertise.

Assessment of Knowledge on Dietary Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

Background This cross-sectional analytical study aimed to assess the level of knowledge on dietary management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients undergoing hemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, South India. Methodology The study was conducted among 86 inpatients diagnosed with CKD and undergoing hemodialysis in the dialysis unit. They were selected by simple random sampling.

Clinical Outcome and its Predictors in Children With Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Objective: To determine the predictors for chronic and/or persistent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) among children with newly diagnosed ITP.

Methods: Ours was a mixed-design study (prospective: January 2020 to March 2022 and retrospective: January 2014 to December 2019), wherein we enrolled children, aged 1 month to 18 years presenting with newly diagnosed ITP.

Results: Of the 64 enrolled participants, 58 were followed up for atleast 1-year duration and 6 children were followed up for 3 to 12 months' duration.

Impact of Excessive Noise Generation in Orthopaedic Operating Theatres: A Comprehensive Review.

Excessive noise in the orthopaedic operating theatre (OT) is an underrecognized and often neglected health hazard noticed amongst surgeons, patients and theatre and scrub practitioners. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted using databases, such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, with the search words 'noise', 'NIHL' and 'orthopaedics' to retrieve the significant data and generate this narrative review. We evaluated the typical causes, potential hazards and negative effects of noise-induced impacts on OT personnel and patients.

Impact of genetic polymorphism on carbamazepine dose requirement among Southern Indian persons with epilepsy.

Objectives: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the oldest, yet first line drugs for treating epilepsy. However, there is a large inter-individual difference in requirement of maintenance dose and one third of persons treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) exhibit drug resistance to therapy. One of the proposed mechanisms for the drug resistance was increased expression of efflux transporter P-glycoprotein.

Bone mineral density, turnover, and microarchitecture assessed by second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in patients with Sheehan's syndrome.

Unlabelled: Sheehan's syndrome (SS) is a rare but well-characterized cause of hypopituitarism. Data on skeletal health is limited and on microarchitecture is lacking in SS patients.

Purpose: We aimed to explore skeletal health in SS with bone mineral density (BMD), turnover, and microarchitecture.

Effect of pranayama on sympatho-vagal imbalance and cognitive deficit in premenstrual syndrome.

Context: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent and often neglected condition that affects around 80% of women of reproductive age. In PMS, abnormal fluctuations in gonadal hormones cause altered homeostasis, resulting in sympatho-vagal imbalance and poor cognition.

Aim: To compare autonomic function parameters and cognitive performance between PMS and control groups, and to study the effect of pranayama on the above parameters in PMS women.

Vancomycin nephrotoxicity: A comprehensive clinico-pathological study.

Introduction: Vancomycin, a commonly prescribed antibiotic particularly in the setting of multi-drug resistant infections, is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Despite its common occurrence, much remains unknown on the clinicopathologic profile as well as the pathogenesis of vancomycin nephrotoxicity. Clinical studies included patients often with severe comorbidities and concomitant polypharmacy confounding the causal pathogenesis.