Normal Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis in an Extremely Preterm Neonate.

Extremely preterm neonates (< 28 wk) are at risk of metabolic complications like hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis. Many of these complications are often the result of prematurity per se, while some of them may be the result of prolonged parenteral nutrition. Most of the complications occur in the initial few weeks of hospital stay, but hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia may persist for longer periods of time.

Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum in Third Trimester of Pregnancy-an Enigma.

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy is a rare and challenging obstetric emergency. It can present as acute abdomen with features of hypovolemic shock and requires high index of suspicion for diagnosis as various obstetric and non-obstetric causes have similar presenting features. Here we present a case of primigravida at 33 weeks of gestation who presented with acute abdomen, signs of shock and a pathological trace on cardiotocogram.

Directed Evolution Detects Supernumerary Centric Chromosomes Conferring Resistance to Azoles in Candida auris.

Candida auris exhibits resistance to multiple antifungal drug classes and sterilization agents, posing threats to the immunocompromised worldwide. Among the four major geographical clades, the East Asian clade 2 isolates of C. auris are mostly drug susceptible.

CoRe study: COVID-19 and remdesivir: An insight into the current health planning and policy.

Introduction: The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed rampant use of the repurposed drug, remdesivir, despite its conflicting evidence and rapidly changing guidelines.

Methods: A cross-sectional, country-wide, questionnaire-based, electronic survey was conducted among the healthcare professionals involved in COVID-19 management from April 18 to May 18, 2021.

Results: Out of 231 responses, 185 were included.

Comparison of hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in Intensive care units and wards of COVID-19: A large scale multicentric study in India.

Background: Hand hygiene is a significant component involved in preventing transmission of health care associated infections including COVID-19. Compliance to hand hygiene among the health care workers (HCWs) requires evaluation and timely feedback. "You can't improve what you can't measure" is a famous saying and this multicentric study was designed to measure hand hygiene compliance and have birds eye view on hand hygiene compliance in COVID Intensive care units (ICUs) and wards across India.

Is the rule of halves in hypertension valid uniformly across India? A cross-sectional analysis of national family health survey-4 data.

Background: Hypertension is widely prevalent across India. The rule of halves is commonly used to describe the attrition and gaps in the care cascade of hypertension management across detection, availing treatment, and having controlled blood pressure (BP) on treatment.

Objectives: Using nationally representative data, we aimed to assess the rule of halves in hypertension management in different states of India and across sociodemographic, health system, and personal factors.

The potential of 4D's approach in curbing antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens.

Introduction: Antibiotics are life-saving drugs but irrational/inappropriate use leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial superbugs, making their treatment extremely challenging. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens is becoming a serious public health concern globally. If ignorance persists, there would not be any antibiotics available to treat even a common bacterial infection in future.

Filicide in South Asia: Demography, risk factors, psychiatric, and legal aspects.

Filicide is an act of killing a child up to the age of 18 years committed by his or her parent(s) or parental figure(s), including guardians and stepparents. There is absence of data and research regarding filicide in South Asia. The present study aimed to address the empirical lacuna in South Asia and to expand the literature in order to broaden the understanding of filicide.

Clinical Profile and Outcome of Newborns Discharged Against Medical Advice From a Tertiary Care Centre.

Objective: To determine the clinical profile and outcome of neonates discharged against medical advice (DAMA) from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care public hospital.

Methods: We retrieved information from hospital records of infants who had been discharged against medical advice from the NICU between January, 2016 and December, 2020. This was followed by a telephonic interview to document the infant's outcome.

Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India.

Background: In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of ROCM was noted in India among those infected with COVID. We determined risk factors for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those never and ever hospitalized for COVID-19 separately through a multicentric, hospital-based, unmatched case-control study across India.

Methods: We defined cases and controls as those with and without post-COVID ROCM, respectively.

Clinical Presentation and Management of Peripartum Pubic Diastasis.

Background: Symphysis pubis diastasis (SPD) is an uncommon peripartum complication which can have short-term morbidities secondary to pain and restricted movements as well as long-term complications. It is important to diagnose this condition as it causes significant discomfort to the nursing mothers. We present our experience in five patients with SPD who were managed successfully.

Gametogenesis in : Delving Deeper to Connect the Dots.

In the coming decades, eliminating malaria is the foremost goal of many tropical countries. Transmission control, along with an accurate and timely diagnosis of malaria, effective treatment and prevention are the different aspects that need to be met synchronously to accomplish the goal. The current review is focused on one of these aspects i.

Faster and accurate identification of clinically important Trichosporon using MALDI TOF MS.

Purpose: Trichosporon species are emerging human pathogens, accounting for the second most common cause of non-candidal mycosis. Rapid and reliable identification of these agents allows a better understanding of their epidemiology and therapeutic management. The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique has the potential to be precise, fast and cost-effective.

Baseline Assessment of Evidence-Based Intrapartum Care Practices in Medical Schools in 3 States in India: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Introduction: Implementation research with pre- and post-comparison was planned to improve the quality of evidence-based intrapartum care services in Indian medical schools. We present the baseline study results to assess the status of adherence to intrapartum evidence-based practices (IP-EBP) in study schools in 3 states in India and the perception of the faculty.

Methods: A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used to conduct the baseline assessment in 9 medical schools in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Union Territory from October 2018 to June 2019.

Teerakanchana's equation transcends over 12 other LDL-C quantification formulae in the North Indian population.

Background: Over the last 3 decades, there has been a steady rise in global mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, timely diagnosis of CVDs is paramount. Low-Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in blood serum is one of the biomarkers for the risk assessment of CVDs, measured by direct assays and indirect approaches.

Evolocumab in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in India.

Background: Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 approved in India for treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) in patients aged ≥12 years.

Objective: RAMAN (NCT03403374) was a single-country, open-label, phase 4 study evaluating the safety and tolerability of evolocumab in patients with HoFH in India.

Methods: Patients ≥12 to ≤80 years of age on stable lipid-lowering therapy with fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >3.

Clinical Characteristics, Molecular Profile, and Outcomes in Indian Patients with Glutaric Aciduria Type 1.

Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA-1, OMIM 231670) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by the deficiency of glutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase with most children presenting in infancy with encephalopathy, dystonia, and macrocephaly. In this article, we presented the clinical characteristics, molecular profile, and outcomes in 29 unrelated families with affected children (30 cases total). The mean age at onset of illness was 10 months (±14.

Serotype and genotype diversity of dengue viruses circulating in India: a multi-centre retrospective study involving the Virus Research Diagnostic Laboratory Network in 2018.

Objectives: A retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and genotypes in India in 2018.

Methods: In total, 4963 samples referred to virus research diagnostic laboratories (n=21), the Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV) and ICMR-NIV field units (n=2) for diagnosis of dengue in 2018 were tested using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the presence of DENV serotypes. Representative samples were sequenced for the envelope (E) gene.