The KANNO blood group system.

The KANNO blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion [ISBT] 037) includes one high-prevalence antigen, KANNO1, across ethnic groups. Sporadic KANNO1- cases among East and South Asians are theoretically estimated by the DNA database library. Anti-KANNO1 has been found most often among Japanese women with current or prior pregnancy.

A practical and effective strategy in East Asia to prevent anti-D alloimmunization in patients by C/c phenotyping of serologic RhD-negative blood donors.

Serologic RhD-negative red cells can cause anti-D alloimmunization if they carry the Asian-type DEL or other DEL variants. genotyping is a viable countermeasure if available, but inexpensive alternatives are worthy of consideration. RhD-negative blood donors in Japan were studied by anti-D adsorption-elution and genotyping.

Three non-classical mechanisms for anemic disease of the fetus and newborn, based on maternal anti-Kell, anti-Ge3, anti-M, and anti-Jr cases.

Maternal alloantibody-mediated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) ranges from no or mild symptoms to severe hydrops and intrauterine fetal demise. Hemolytic anti-D-mediated HDFN proceeds via a long-known mechanism, to which three other pathways to fetal/neonatal anemia may be added: (0) Fetal erythrocyte destruction can proceed by extravascular phagocytosis. (1) An apoptotic pathway has been described for anti-Kell, and anti-Ge3.

A new antigen SUMI carried on glycophorin A encoded by the GYPA*M with c.91A>C (p.Thr31Pro) belongs to the MNS blood group system.

Background: MNS is one of the highly polymorphic blood groups comprising many antigens generated by genomic recombination among the GYPA, GYPB, and GYPE genes as well as by single-nucleotide changes. We report a patient with red blood cell (RBC) antibody against an unknown low-frequency antigen, tentatively named SUMI, and investigated its carrier molecule and causal gene.

Study Design And Methods: Standard serologic tests, including enzyme tests, were performed.

Integrative genome analysis identified the KANNO blood group antigen as prion protein.

Background: Anti-KANNO, a broadly reactive RBC alloantibody, is found among some Japanese pregnant women, but the genetic basis of the corresponding antigen remains unclear.

Study Design And Methods: We integrated a statistical approach to identify the coding gene for KANNO antigen by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on four KANNO-negative individuals and 415 healthy Japanese. We also applied whole-exome sequencing to them and performed a replication study to confirm the identified genome variation using independent 14 KANNO-negative individuals.

Impact of the platelet washing process on in vitro platelet properties, and the levels of soluble CD40 ligand and platelet-derived microparticles in the storage media.

Background: A new platelet (PLT) additive solution, bicarbonated Ringer's solution supplemented with acid-citrate-dextrose Formula A, termed BRS-A, as well as a new automated closed system cell processor for washing PLTs have recently been developed. This study evaluated the in vitro properties of PLTs with the automated system versus the manual method, using the BRS-A additive solution for washing and storage.

Methods: ABO-identical apheresis PLTs in 100% plasma were pooled and split equally for control (in 100% plasma or a manual method) and test (ACP215 automated system) units.

The B allele with a 5·8 kb deletion in intron 1 of the ABO gene is the major allele in Japanese individuals with B and A B phenotypes.

B and A B phenotypes are the most frequent ABO variants in the Japanese population. The B antigen on B red blood cells is only detectable by adsorption and elution tests, and plasma B-transferase activity is usually detected at half or less levels compared with that of common B. Recently, a B allele lacking an erythroid cell-specific transcription enhancer in intron 1 of the ABO gene was identified from individuals with B and A B phenotypes, which could explain the unique serologic properties of B .

Washing of platelets can be fully automated using a closed-system cell processor and BRS-A platelet additive solution.

This study evaluated the in vitro properties of platelets (PLTs) washed with BRS-A additive solution in the Haemonetics ACP215 automated processing system. Two washing modes, 'manually/automatically adding ACD-A to BRS before/during the washing process', represented the control and test groups, respectively. Outcomes were compared over 7 days of storage (n = 7, for both).

In vitro analysis of volume-reduced washed platelet concentrates stored in bicarbonated Ringer's solution containing less than 5% residual plasma.

Background And Objectives: Volume-reduced washed platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) can prevent circulatory overload and allergic reactions in patients undergoing PLT transfusions. For these reasons, they are in demand for paediatric settings and for patients at risk of circulatory overload. Here, we evaluated the quality of volume-reduced washed PCs stored for 5 days in a novel acetate-free PLT additive solution (PAS) containing glucose and bicarbonate (BRS-A) with <5% residual plasma protein.

Suspected anemia caused by maternal anti-Jra antibodies: a case report.

Most cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn associated with anti-Jra are mild. However, rare cases of hydrops fetalis and severe anemia have been reported. We treated a neonate with anemia who was born with maternal anti-Jra, which were detected in the umbilical cord plasma.

Storage of washed platelets in BRS-A platelet additive solutions based on two types of clinically available bicarbonated Ringer's solutions with different electrolyte concentrations.

Background: In Japan, no platelet (PLT) additive solutions (PASs) are officially approved for clinical use although blood centers often receive requests for washed PLTs to reduce adverse reactions. Recently, we developed a novel PAS called BRS-A based on clinically available bicarbonated Ringer's solution (BRS), Bicanate and acid-citrate-dextrose formula A (ACD-A), which has been shown to maintain the in vitro properties of PLTs in the condition of <5% residual plasma during 7-day storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether another clinically available BRS, Bicarbon with different electrolyte concentrations can be used as a PAS.

A new ABCG2 null allele with a 27-kb deletion including the promoter region causing the Jr(a-) phenotype.

Background: The high-prevalence antigen Jr(a) is carried on the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2. The ABCG2 gene consists of 16 exons and its translation start codon is located on the second exon. Although the occurrence of the Jr(a-) phenotype is rare, several ABCG2 null alleles have been reported.

Anti-KANNO: a novel alloantibody against a red cell antigen of high frequency.

We encountered a broadly reactive red cell alloantibody in 1991, reacting unlike any other known antibody, and named it anti-KANNO after the first patient. A total of 28 cases of anti-KANNO in the Japanese literature were reviewed. To distinguish KANNO from other antibodies against high-frequency antigens, including anti-JMH, anti-Ch/Rg, and anti-Jr(a), we conducted serologic studies with proteolytic enzyme and chemical treatments, complement sensitization against red cells, and serum neutralization techniques.