The prevalence and predictive factors of nocturnal polyuria in Japanese patients with nocturia: a multicentral retrospective cohort study.

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of nocturnal polyuria (NP) in Japanese patients. This multicentral, observational study enrolled patients with the chief complaint of nocturia at 17 Japanese institutions between January 2018 and December 2022. The frequency of daily voiding and volume of urination were evaluated using bladder diaries.

Biochemical recurrence after chemohormonal therapy followed by robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in very-high-risk prostate cancer patients.

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has become one of the standard radical treatments for prostate cancer (PCa). A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted on patients with PCa who underwent RARP at Gifu University Hospital between September 2017 and September 2022. In this study, patients were classified into three groups based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk classification: low/intermediate-risk, high-risk, and very-high-risk groups.

Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist and Tegafur-Uracil Chemohormonal Therapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Background: This retrospective single-center cohort study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of neoadjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist and tegafur-uracil (UFT) therapy (NCHT) and investigated the medical records of patients with high-risk PCa who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The therapy was followed by RARP for high-risk PCa.

Materials And Methods: The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: low-intermediate-risk PCa patients who underwent RARP without neoadjuvant therapy (non-high-risk) and those who underwent NCHT followed by RARP (high-risk group).

The Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Combination Therapy for Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Real-World Cohort Study.

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) as first-line therapy for patients diagnosed as having advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We enrolled 51 patients to receive ICI+TKI therapy for mRCC at 9 Japanese institutions. The overall survival (OS) of the patients treated with ICI+TKI was the primary endpoint.

Correlation between Remote Dielectric Sensing and Chest X-Ray to Assess Pulmonary Congestion.

Background: Chest X-ray is a practical tool to semi-qualify pulmonary congestion. Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) is a recently introduced, non-invasive, electromagnetic energy-based technology to quantify pulmonary congestion without expert technique. We compared these two modalities to clarify appropriate clinical situations for each modality.

Efficacy and Safety of Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

A multicenter retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib in patients with advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We enrolled 53 patients with mRCC who received cabozantinib at eight institutions in Japan. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Effectiveness and Safety of Molecular-Targeted Therapy after Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab for Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of molecular-targeted therapies (MTTs) after the discontinuation of nivolumab and ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) combination therapy in patients who had been diagnosed with advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma as real-world outcomes. We enrolled patients treated with MTTs following initial therapy with NIVO+IPI at nine institutions in Japan. We evaluated the objective response rate (ORR) as the primary endpoint and disease control rate (DCR), best overall response, and oncological outcomes (overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)) as the secondary endpoints.

Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma after Discontinuing Pembrolizumab as a Second-Line Treatment: A Retrospective Multicenter Real-World Cohort Study.

The treatment options are currently limited, and the oncological outcomes remain unclear, for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) with or without third-line systemic therapy. We aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes in real-world daily clinical practice after platinum-based chemotherapy followed by pembrolizumab for mUC. This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included patients with mUC who received second-line pembrolizumab in Japan.

Clinical Lymph Node Involvement as a Predictor for Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Penile Squamous Cell Cancer.

We aimed to identify prognostic predictive factors of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and pathological data of patients with PSCC at 10 institutions in Japan between January 2008 and December 2019. The primary endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS).

The Impact of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio after Two Courses of Pembrolizumab for Oncological Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

We focused on the therapeutic effect of pembrolizumab for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) and evaluated predictive factors for improving clinical outcomes. We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients with mUC who received pembrolizumab. The endpoint was to evaluate the association between clinicopathological features and oncological outcomes.

A case of superficial spreading type of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach with invasion to the esophagus.

Background: Invasion is more likely to occur in gastric cancer affecting larger areas. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma tends to invade deep. The cardiac region prefers submucosal invasion because the submucosa is coarser than the other regions.

Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Potential Cancer Control in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Recently, cytoreductive prostatectomy for metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) has been associated with improved oncological outcomes. This study was aimed at evaluating whether robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) as a form of cytoreductive prostatectomy can improve oncological outcomes in patients with mPCa. We conducted a retrospective study of twelve patients with mPCa who had undergone neoadjuvant therapy followed by RARP.

A Case of Carcinoid Tumors in the Ear Canal With Long-Term Postoperative Follow-Up.

Carcinoid tumors in the ear canal are very rare. In this report, we experienced a case of carcinoid tumor of the ear canal that underwent total tumor resection. This study included a 39-year-old man presented with a chief complaint of right-sided hearing loss.

Edaravone attenuates sustained pial arteriolar vasoconstriction independently of endothelial function after unclamping of the abdominal aorta in rabbits.

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) has direct effects on neuronal function and neurocognitive disorders. Oxidative stress from abdominal aortic surgery is important in the pathophysiology of CBF impairment. We investigated the effect of edaravone on the pial arteriolar diameter changes induced by abdominal aortic surgery and the involvement of the endothelium in the changes.

A case of multiple metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with complete response to nivolumab.

Background: Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (SRCC) is associated with poor prognosis. Although there is no standard treatment for SRCC, recent studies have reported the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Case: An 82-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with an incidental right renal tumor.

A case of Noonan syndrome with skull defect due to vitamin D deficiency rickets.

We report the case of a boy with partial skull defects in addition to widespread craniotabes due to vitamin D deficiency rickets. He was born at 30 wk and 4 d of gestation (birth weight, 2406 g). At 77 d of age, clinical examination of the head revealed widespread craniotabes of the occipital region centered around the lambda suture, and palpation revealed a defect of about 1 cm in the parietal bone of the left occipital region.

Preoperative predictive factors of carcinoma in situ in the normal-appearing mucosa in patients who underwent an initial transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer under white light cystoscopy.

Background: Although few studies evaluated the significance of random biopsies under white light cystoscopy (WLC) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the findings are controversial.

Aim: This aim of this study was to evaluate what kind of preoperative covariates were useful as predictive factors in detecting carcinoma in situ (CIS) from normal-appearing mucosa using random bladder biopsies under WLC.

Methods And Results: A total of 229 patients with NMIBC underwent initial TUR followed by random biopsies under WLC at Red Cross Takayama Hospital between 2007 and 2016.

Effect of Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus on Graft Loss After Living-Donor Kidney Transplant at a Single Institution.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors for graft loss in patients who received kidney transplantation (KT) from living kidney donors (LKDs) at a single institute in Japan.

Methods: Our study focused on patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent KT from LKDs and were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery. The primary end point was graft survival (GS).