[Acute myeloid leukemia complicated by pneumonia and vertebral osteomyelitis during induction chemotherapy].

A 76-year-old woman was operated on for rectal cancer in 2011 without chemotherapy and was followed up in the outpatient department. Decrease in white blood cell count was observed from 2013, and she developed anemia in 2015. Bone marrow aspiration was performed, and she was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML/MRC).

Clinical prediction rule for neurological sequelae due to acute encephalopathy: a medical community-based validation study in Harima, Japan.

Objectives: This study aimed to verify the screening performance of our clinical prediction rule for neurological sequelae due to acute encephalopathy (NSAE-CPR), which previously identified the following three variables as predictive of poor outcomes: (1) refractory status epilepticus; (2) consciousness disturbance and/or hemiplegia at 6 hours from onset and (3) aspartate aminotransferase >90 IU/L within 6 hours of onset.

Design: Medical community-based multicentre retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Six regional hospitals in Harima and one tertiary centre in Kobe, Japan, from 2008 to 2012.

Dose-adjusted EPOCH chemotherapy for untreated peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a multicenter phase II trial of West-JHOG PTCL0707.

The standard CHOP therapy for peripheral T-cell lymphoma has resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes and it is still not clear what is the optimal front-line therapy. We conducted a multicenter phase II study of dose-adjusted etoposide, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide with vincristine and prednisone (EPOCH) for untreated peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients. In this prospective study, 41 patients were treated with dose-adjusted-EPOCH as initial therapy: peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified, n=21; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, n=17; anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, n=2; and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma, n=1.

A Host-Dependent Prognostic Model for Elderly Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: Decision-making models for elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) are in great demand.

Patients And Methods: The Society of Lymphoma Treatment in Japan (SoLT-J), in collaboration with the West-Japan Hematology and Oncology Group (West-JHOG), collected and retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of ≥65-year-old patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP from 19 sites across Japan to build an algorithm that can stratify adherence to R-CHOP.

Results: A total of 836 patients with a median age of 74 years (range, 65-96 years) were analyzed.

Multicenter Prospective Study on the Safety of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures in Antithrombotic Drug Users.

Background: The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society updated its guidelines for gastroenterological endoscopy in patients undergoing antithrombotic treatment in July 2012. However, the safety of endoscopic procedures in antithrombotic drug users has not been fully investigated.

Aims: To evaluate the safety of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in antithrombotic drug users.

Risk Factors for the Requirement of Antenatal Insulin Treatment in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Poor maternal glycemic control increases maternal and fetal risk for adverse outcomes, and strict management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is recommended to prevent neonatal and maternal complications. However, risk factors for the requirement of antenatal insulin treatment (AIT) are not well-investigated in the pregnant women with GDM. We enrolled 37 pregnant women with GDM and investigated the risk for AIT by comparing the patients with AIT (AIT group; = 10) and without insulin therapy (Diet group; = 27).

A suspected case of rocuronium-sugammadex complex-induced anaphylactic shock after cesarean section.

An anaphylactic reaction during a cesarean section occurs rarely, and rocuronium is thought to be one of the common agents causing perioperative anaphylaxis. Here we report an anaphylactic shock after cesarean section that is suggested to be induced by the rocuronium-sugammadex complex. A 36-year-old primigravida underwent an elective cesarean section under general anesthesia due to placenta previa.

A Fatal Case of Congenital Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Disseminated Cutaneous Lesions in a Premature Neonate.

. The outcome of neonates with congenital cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is variable. .

Complex Pattern of Resistance-Associated Substitutions of Hepatitis C Virus after Daclatasvir/Asunaprevir Treatment Failure.

Backgrounds & Aims: We aimed to clarify the characteristics of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) after treatment failure with NS5A inhibitor, daclatasvir (DCV) in combination with NS3/4A inhibitor, asunaprevir (ASV), in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection.

Methods: This is a nationwide multicenter study conducted by the Japanese Red Cross Liver Study Group. The sera were obtained from 68 patients with virological failure after 24 weeks of DCV/ASV treatment.

A 12p13 GRIN2B deletion is associated with developmental delay and macrocephaly.

N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (GluN2B), encoded by GRIN2B, is one of the components of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor protein. Aberrations in GRIN2B have been reported to be responsible for various types of neurodevelopmental disorders. We report a Japanese boy with an ~2 Mb interstitial deletion in 12p13 involving the entire GRIN2B gene, who presented with intellectual disability, motor developmental delay and marked macrocephaly.

A phase II study of topotecan and cisplatin with sequential thoracic radiotherapy in elderly patients with small-cell lung cancer: Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group 0102.

Purpose: The treatment outcome in elderly patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC) remains poor. We carried out a phase II trial of split topotecan and cisplatin (TP) therapy and sequential thoracic radiotherapy for elderly LD-SCLC patients as a follow-up to our previous phase I trial.

Methods: In total, 30 patients aged 76 years or older, with untreated LD-SCLC were enrolled.

Increasing incidence of elderly-onset autoimmune hepatitis.

Aim: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) commonly shows bimodal distribution of onset age: at young adulthood and at 50-60 years-of-age. However, in recent times, the incidence of elderly-onset AIH seems to be increasing. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence of elderly-onset AIH is increasing, and whether these patients show any clinical features different from those observed in younger patients.

Serum ferritin levels as a useful diagnostic marker for the distinction of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Kawasaki disease.

Objectives: The clinical features and laboratory parameters of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA) tend to overlap. Furthermore, there have been no definitive biomarkers for these diseases, making clinical diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of serum ferritin levels for differentiating KD from s-JIA and predicting the disease severity of KD.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in Kawasaki disease and its clinical characteristics.

Background: The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. Reportedly, there is an association between KD and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPT). Steroid therapy for KD patients with high risk of cardiac sequelae (CS) has been reported; however, the number of reports is limited.

A case of adolescent giant parathyroid adenoma presenting multiple osteolytic fractures and postoperative hungry bone syndrome.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and postoperative hungry bone syndrome are very rare conditions in adolescents, and may be frequently misdiagnosed as a metastatic bone tumor. However, delay in diagnosis may lead to a fatal preoperative hypercalcemia and postoperative hypocalcemia. PHPT is a differential diagnosis of adolescent hypercalcemia and osteolytic fractures.

Synergistic anti-tumor effects of zoledronic acid and radiotherapy against metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.

A 72-year-old man with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis suffered from a metastatic femoral fracture. After undergoing radiotherapy, he was only treated with supportive care, except for the administration of zoledronic acid (ZA). Thereafter, the initially elevated serum α-fetoprotein and des-gamma carboxyprothrombin levels declined to within the normal ranges.

Screening for Hyperbilirubinemia in Japanese Very Low Birthweight Infants Using Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry.

Objectives: To assess the accuracy of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements at 5 different body sites in Japanese very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and to determine a cut-off value of TcB to detect total serum/plasma bilirubin (TB) levels ≥10 mg/dL (171 μM).

Study Design: In a prospective multicenter study, 85 Japanese VLBW infants were enrolled from 5 neonatal intensive care units during the study period. A total of 383 blood samples from infants not receiving phototherapy or ≥24 hours postphototherapy were analyzed.

MRI Findings of Inverted Urothelial Papilloma of the Bladder.

Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize MRI findings of inverted urothelial papilloma of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: Data pertaining to 16 patients with 18 pathologically proven inverted urothelial papillomas of the bladder who had undergone MRI were retrospectively collected from seven institutions. The shape and surface characteristics of the tumors were evaluated using T2-weighted MR images.

Clinical characteristics of responders to treatment with tolvaptan in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: Importance of preserved kidney size.

Background: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of short-term treatment with tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, in patients with heart failure. However, the response to tolvaptan varies among patients. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with response to tolvaptan in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

High-dose-rate brachytherapy using molds for lip and oral cavity tumors.

Background: High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy using the mold technique is a less invasive treatment for early lip and oral cavity cancer. However, limited reports exist regarding the feasibility of this method. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the outcome of this therapy and investigated its feasibility for lip and oral cavity tumors.