Undetermined Ruptured Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Following High-Energy Blunt Abdominal Trauma Requiring Emergency Laparotomy.

Blunt abdominal trauma causing intraperitoneal injury and/or bleeding can be life-threatening, requiring immediate intervention. Diagnosing these cases can be challenging, especially when pre-existing conditions are involved. Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare tumor of the appendix that can lead to pseudomyxoma peritonei.

A Prospective Phase II Trial of First-line Osimertinib for Patients with EGFR Mutation-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Poor Performance Status (OPEN/TORG2040).

Introduction: Osimertinib is the first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have EGFR mutations and favorable performance status (PS). Despite increasing clinical data on osimertinib, evidence in patients with an impaired PS remains limited. Therefore, a multicenter phase II trial (OPEN/TORG2040) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and poor PS.

Significance of Targeted Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Using Rectal-culture Selective Screening Media Prior to Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To examine whether antimicrobial prophylaxis based on screening rectal cultures using selective media prevented acute bacterial prostatitis following transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB).

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 403 patients undergoing TRPB with low risks of infectious complications. Patients were randomized into a cultured group (CG) or no cultured group (NCG).

Assessment of All-Inside Sutures to the Posteromedial Capsule in Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair: Findings From a Retrospective Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Purpose: Medial meniscus (MM) posterior root tears (PRT) cause pathological medial extrusion (MMME) and posterior extrusion (MMPE), particularly during knee flexion, leading to rapidly progressive knee osteoarthritis. We investigated pre- and postoperative MM extrusion using three-dimensional open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following two pullout repair techniques: two simple stitches (TSS) and TSS with an additional all-inside suture to the posteromedial capsule (TSS-PM). We hypothesized that TSS-PM would decrease MM extrusion more effectively than TSS.

Frequency and Significance of Body Weight Loss During Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Limited data are available on the frequency and significance of body weight loss during cancer therapy. This study investigated the frequency of patients who experienced body weight loss during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the impact of weight loss on treatment outcomes. Using the clinical data of 370 patients with NSCLC who received a combination of ICI and chemotherapy at 13 institutions, this study investigated the frequency of body weight loss > 5% during treatment and determined the impact of body weight loss on patient outcomes.

Quadriceps muscle strength of the affected limb in medial meniscus posterior root tears is negatively correlated with the progression of postoperative medial joint space narrowing.

Purpose: The effect of quadriceps muscle strength on medial joint space (MJS) narrowing after repair for medial meniscus (MM) posterior root tears (MMPRTs) has not yet been determined. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative and postoperative quadriceps muscle strength on the change in MJS (ΔMJS) in MMPRTs.

Methods: Thirty patients who underwent pullout repair for MMPRTs were retrospectively evaluated.

Association between lower limb muscle strength and musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptom complex in patients with medial meniscus posterior root tears.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in and the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and physical function before and after medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) repair.

Methods: Thirty-three patients who underwent MMPR repair were evaluated. Pain was evaluated with the numerical rating scale (NRS), and knee flexor/extensor muscle strength was assessed using a handheld dynamometer.

Prognostic value of grey-white matter ratio obtained within two hours after return of spontaneous circulation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors: A multicenter, observational study.

Background: Grey-white matter ratio (GWR) measured by head computed tomography (CT) scan is known as a neurological prognostication tool for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. The prognostic value of GWR obtained early (within two hours after return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC]) remains a matter of debate.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, observational study at five hospitals.

Viral eradication reduces all-cause mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection who had received direct-acting antiviral therapy.

Background And Aims: The impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication via direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy on overall mortality, particularly non-liver-related mortality, is understudied.

Methods: We recruited 4180 patients with chronic HCV infection who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) (HCV eradication) through DAA therapy (n = 2501, SVR group) or who did not receive antiviral therapy (n = 1679, non-SVR group); 1236 from each group were chosen using propensity score matching. Causes of death and all-cause mortality, including non-liver-related diseases, were investigated.

Change in Liver Function in Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Maintaining liver function throughout the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is crucial, yet the impact of durvalumab plus tremelimumab (DT) treatment on liver function is not well understood. This multicenter study aimed to examine the changes in liver function during DT treatment.

Patients And Methods: This nationwide multicenter study included 80 patients who received DT treatment for unresectable HCC.

Clinical Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Colitis Enhanced With Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Panel Using Stool Sample: A Case Report.

A 71-year-old man was admitted because of acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following a right upper lobectomy for lung cancer. His respiratory failure worsened after admission, and he required mechanical ventilation. He was undergoing intensive immunosuppressive treatment, including high-dose corticosteroids and cyclosporine, and had watery diarrhea six times a day.

Impact of Serum Indoxyl Sulfate on One-Year Adverse Events in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Heart Failure.

Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of serum indoxyl sulfate levels in patients with heart failure and CKD. This was a prospective multicenter observational study.

Preliminary results of stabilization of far distal tibia fractures with the distal tibial nail: A prospective, multicenter case series study.

Introduction: The distal tibial nail (DTN) is a novel retrograde intramedullary nail used for distal tibial fracture stabilization. We investigated the clinical results of DTN use for distal tibial fractures and compared them with those reported in the literature on locking plates and antegrade intramedullary nails.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study examined distal tibial fractures with AO/OTA classification 43 types: A1, A2, A3 or C1.

Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a marker for renal outcome of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (U-CARE study 3).

Introduction: ACE cleaves angiotensin I (Ang I) to angiotensin II (Ang II) inducing vasoconstriction via Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor, while ACE2 cleaves Ang II to Ang (1-7) causing vasodilatation by acting on the Mas receptor. In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), it is still unclear whether plasma or urine ACE2 levels predict renal outcomes or not.

Research Design And Methods: Among 777 participants with diabetes enrolled in the Urinary biomarker for Continuous And Rapid progression of diabetic nEphropathy study, the 296 patients followed up for 9 years were investigated.

Accurate tibial tunnel position in transtibial pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears delays the progression of medial joint space narrowing.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the progression of medial joint space (MJS) narrowing, medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and clinical scores and the tibial tunnel position in pullout repairs for medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs).

Methods: This retrospective study examined 54 patients. Changes in MJS (ΔMJS), MME (ΔMME) and clinical scores and their relationship with the tibial tunnel position were evaluated using correlation coefficients.

Meniscal healing status after medial meniscus posterior root repair negatively correlates with a midterm increase in medial meniscus extrusion.

Purpose: The second-look arthroscopic score of pullout repair for medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) is associated with contemporaneous clinical scores and progression of cartilage damage. However, the relationship among these scores, midterm clinical scores and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations is unknown. The relationship between the second-look arthroscopic score at 1 year and the clinical scores or MRI at 3 years was evaluated.

Prevalence of hazardous drinking and suspected alcohol dependence in Japanese primary care settings.

Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of hazardous drinking and potential alcohol dependence among Japanese primary care patients, and their readiness to change and awareness of others' concerns.

Methods: From July to August 2023, we conducted a multi-site cross-sectional study as a screening survey for participants in a cluster randomized controlled trial. The trial included outpatients aged 20-74 from primary care clinics.