Morphological changes in the interosseous membrane of the forearm during forearm rotation.

[Purpose] Changes in forearm interosseous membrane dynamics during forearm rotation relative to the shoulder joint position remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify interosseous membrane dynamics during forearm rotation in shoulder abduction and external rotation positions. [Participants and Methods] We conducted open magnetic resonance imaging on 17 healthy forearms in the prone position.

Effect of swimming initiation period and continuation frequency on motor competence development in children aged up to 3 years: the Japan environment and children's study.

Background: Although involvement of toddlers in swimming activities has increased recently, information regarding the impact of swimming during toddlerhood on subsequent child motor competence development is scarce. This study aimed to determine how swimming experience, particularly the timing of initiation and the continuity of swimming activities up to the age of 3 years, affects motor competence development.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included data on children aged 1.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Resistance Training on Cognitive Function: Comparative Study Based on FNDC5/Irisin/BDNF Pathway.

Introduction: Exercise has been recommended to suppress or prevent cognitive decline. Aerobic exercise (AE) may suppress cognitive decline via the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/irisin/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway, and resistance training (RT) has a preventive effect on cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Morphologic changes in the posterior glenoid rim is independently associated with rotator cuff impingement in baseball players.

Background: The morphological changes in the posterior glenoid rim are unknown in relation to the area of rotator cuff tendons pinched within the glenohumeral joint in the throwing shoulders of baseball players. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether these changes are associated with the area of impingement in baseball players.

Methods: Overall, 25 asymptomatic male college baseball players (average age19.

[A longitudinal study of the association between physical activity and apathy among community-dwelling older adults].

Aim: This study clarified the association between the amount of physical activity and apathy after one year among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Two hundred community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 74.3±5.

Echo Intensity of Gastrocnemius Is Independently Associated with 6-Minute Walking Distance in Male Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease.

: This study aimed to examine the differences in the thickness and echo intensity (EI) of the gastrocnemius muscle measured via ultrasonography between healthy adults and patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and to determine the associations of gastrocnemius thickness (GT) and EI within a 6 min walking distance (6MD) in patients with PAD. : This cross-sectional study targeted 35 male patients with PAD (mean age, 73.7 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 23.

Effects of weekend rehabilitation on vertebral compression fractures in the elderly.

Introduction: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the effect of rehabilitation and without weekend therapy on Activities of daily living (ADL) and readmission in vertebral fracture patients aged 60 years and older.

Methods: The present study used a hospital-based database created by JMDC Inc. The JMDC hospital-based database is an epidemiological database that has been storing medical claims and Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey data.

Clinical features of persistent postural-perceptual dizziness with isolated otolith dysfunction as revealed by VEMP and vHIT findings.

Background: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a relatively new disease entity, with diagnostic criteria published by the Bárány Society. PPPD is often preceded by a peripheral or central vestibular disorder. It is not clear how coexisting deficits due to preceding vestibular disorders affect PPPD symptoms.

Exercise through Shaking Stimuli Suppresses Cancer Growth via the Wnt pathway in ApcMin/+ Mice.

Objective: Exercise has been reported to suppress colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism of suppression by exercise and its effect on the Wnt pathway, which is particularly involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis, remain unclear. In this study, we subjected ApcMin/+ mice to exercise by shaking stimuli to investigate the mechanisms of suppressing colorectal cancer, and focused on the Ca2+ pathway, which is one of the β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling pathways that suppress the accumulation of β-catenin.

Methods: Mice in the exercise group were subjected to exercise by shaking stimuli for 30 min/session, 6 sessions/ week, for a total of 11 weeks.

Effect of Vestibular Rehabilitation Program Using a Booklet in Patients with Chronic Peripheral Vestibular Hypofunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of a supervised home-based vestibular rehabilitation program using a booklet on gait function and dizziness in patients with chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction.

Methods: This was a non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Patients (n=42) with chronic peripheral vestibular hypofunction were randomly divided into the vestibular rehabilitation group (VR group; n=20) or the control group (n=22).

Exercise by Shaking Alleviates the Decline in Memory due to Aging: A Study in Mice.

Introduction: Although exercise can prevent cognitive decline due to aging, few elderly individuals are able to exercise for long. Therefore, an exercise method for older adults that is feasible for a long duration without overexertion is necessary. In this study, we focused on exercise by shaking.

Novel shaking exercises for hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex functioning maintain spatial working memory.

Introduction: The decline in spatial working memory is one of the earliest signs of normal brain aging.

Objective: We developed a novel physical exercise method, termed the "shaking exercise," to slow down this process.

Methods: The experimental protocol included administering the shaking exercise for 8-32 weeks in male senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP-10).

Clinically Optimal Neuropsychological Tests for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Heart Valve Surgeries.

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is widely recognized and reported, but the lack of a uniform definition makes it difficult to evaluate its clinical impact. The aim of this study is to establish the optimal neuropsychological tests and definition of POCD relevant to clinical outcomes in heart valve surgeries.

Methods and results: Between June 2015 and December 2019, 315 patients undergoing elective heart valve surgeries (age ≥65 years) were enrolled.

Factors associated with spinal instability in low back lumbar diseases with leg pain: Analysis of sagittal translation and segmental angulation.

Background: Determining the association between radiographic spinal instability assessment and lower back lumbar diseases with lower limb symptoms can contribute to evidence-based assessment and treatment in clinical practice and rehabilitation. Therefore, radiological evidence of lumbar spine instability assessment, such as sagittal translation (ST) and segmental angulation (SA), is clinically important.

Objective: To identify factors associated with the assessment of spinal instability in lumbar disc herniation with leg pain and discogenic low back pain using ST and SA.

Incidence of cervical kyphosis and cervical posterior translation in neck pain associated with radiological evidence of degenerative disc disease.

Background: Cervical kyphosis mechanically influences the intervertebral discs, which may lead to neck, shoulder, and scapular pain.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of cervical kyphosis and posterior displacement of cervical vertebrae (cervical posterior translation index) in patients with radiologically evident degenerative disc disease.

Design: Retrospective-cohort study.

[Physiology of the Vagus Nerve: Basic Medical Research from the Past to the Present].

The vagus nerve, which is the 10th cranial nerve, exits from the medulla and distributes widely to the visceral organs. Although it contains the motor, somatic, and sympathetic nerves, the main component is the parasympathetic nerve, which acts as the core of homeostasis. The vagal efferent regulates the cardiac muscle, striated muscle and glands, while the vagal afferent sends the information from the visceral organs to the brain.

Efficacy of supervised vestibular rehabilitation on functional mobility in patients with chronic vestibular hypofunction.

[Purpose] This study aimed to compare the effects of different intervention frequencies on walking ability and balance in patients with chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction. [Participants and Methods] Participants included in this case-control study were assigned to one of two groups: the multiple-intervention (once a week) and single-intervention groups. Results for the Timed Up and Go test, Dynamic Gait Index, Functional Gait Assessment, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale were determined at baseline and four weeks after initiating the vestibular rehabilitation program.

Body-Specific Attention to the Hands and Feet in Healthy Adults.

To execute the intended movement, the brain directs attention, called body-specific attention, to the body to obtain information useful for movement. Body-specific attention to the hands has been examined but not to the feet. We aimed to confirm the existence of body-specific attention to the hands and feet, and examine its relation to motor and sensory functions from a behavioral perspective.

Association with sagittal alignment and osteoporosis-related fractures in outpatient women with osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: The baseline sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and pelvic tilt (PT) are independent risk factors of osteoporosis-related fractures in women with osteoporosis. We clarified the SVA and PT to predict the incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures.

Purpose: Sagittal alignment with osteoporosis women deteriorates with advancing age and sagittal alignment may indicate osteoporosis-related fractures in the future.