Mycobacterium marinum Infection Leading to HIV Diagnosis: A Case Report.

Non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) is a rare infection that can manifest as pulmonary, disseminated, or cutaneous disease. Cutaneous NTM infections are often associated with immunosuppressive conditions, such as HIV infection or exposure to contaminated water, but they can also occur in healthy individuals, complicating the diagnosis. We report the case of a 54-year-old male with a gradually enlarging skin ulcer on his left upper limb.

Real-World Analysis of the Correlation between Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Results of NAPOLEON-1 and 2 Studies.

Introduction: Fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) improve overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with gemcitabine (GEM). However, whether PFS is a surrogate marker of OS in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy focusing on FOLFIRINOX or GEM plus nab-paclitaxel remains unknown. We aimed to verify whether PFS can be a surrogate marker of OS in prognosis prediction.

A phase II study of weekly carboplatin and concurrent radiotherapy in older adults with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LOGIK1902).

Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is little evidence supporting its use in older adults. Low-dose daily carboplatin combined with thoracic radiotherapy is considered a standard regimen for this population.

A multicenter retrospective observational NAPOLEON2 study of nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Nanoliposomal irinotecan with fluorouracil and folinic acid (NFF) is a standard regimen after gemcitabine-based therapy for patients with unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer. However, there are limited clinical data on its efficacy and safety in the real-world. We therefore initiated a retrospective and prospective observational study (NAPOLEON-2).

Immunohistochemical p16 overexpression and Rb loss correlate with high-risk human papillomavirus infection in endocervical adenocarcinomas.

Aims: p16 is a sensitive surrogate marker for transcriptionally active high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA); however, its specificity is not perfect.

Methods And Results: We examined p16 and Rb expressions by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the transcriptionally active HR-HPV infection by mRNA in-situ hybridisation (ISH) with histological review in 108 ECA cases. Thirteen adenocarcinomas of endometrial or equivocal origin (six endometrioid and seven serous carcinomas) were compared as the control group.

Efficacy of second-line chemotherapy after treatment with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel or FOLFIRINOX in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

First-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) includes gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) and FOLFIRINOX (FFX). However, the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy and the role of combination chemotherapy in clinical practice is still unknown. Data was gathered from 14 hospitals in the Kyushu area of Japan from December 2013 to March 2017.

Renal impairment as a risk factor for trifluridine/tipiracil-induced adverse events in metastatic colorectal cancer patients from the REGOTAS study.

Renal impairment may be associated with an increased risk of hematologic events (AEs) in patients undergoing treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI). This study aimed to investigate the specific types of AEs linked to renal impairment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving FTD/TPI, using real-world data. Among the patients included in the REGOTAS study (a retrospective study of FTD/TPI versus regorafenib), those treated with FTD/TPI were evaluated.

Early diagnosis of neonatal-onset cyclic vomiting syndrome.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe vomiting with a completely asymptomatic interictal interval. Relatively few patients develop CVS in the neonatal period, and an early diagnosis is difficult. We experienced an infant who was diagnosed with neonatal-onset CVS in early infancy.

Comparison of Changes in Chest Wall Mechanics and Respiratory Timing Between Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia and Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Upper abdominal surgery is associated with postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction. Whether patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) is superior to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) in preventing postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction is still unclear in laparoscopic gastric surgery.

Methods: Sixteen patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy randomly received either PCEA or IV-PCA.

Trifluridine/tipiracil+bevacizumab (BEV) vs. fluoropyrimidine-irinotecan+BEV as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomised noninferiority trial.

Background: This open-label, multicentre, phase II/III trial assessed the noninferiority of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) plus bevacizumab vs. fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan plus bevacizumab (control) as second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods: Patients were randomised (1:1) to receive FTD/TPI (35 mg/m twice daily, days 1-5 and days 8-12, 28-day cycle) plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, days 1 and 15) or control.

[Stanford Type A Acute Aortic Dissection with Myonephropathic Mrtabolic Syndrome].

A 57-year-old man was transferred with sudden onset chest pain and evolving paralysis and numbness in the left leg. Contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed Stanford type A acute aortic dissection from the ascending aorta to bilateral internal and external iliac arteries with blood flow obstruction to the left kidney and left lower limb. Surgery was initiated 10 hours after onset of ischemic symptoms in the leg.

A phase II study to explore biomarkers for the use of mFOLFOX6/XELOX plus bevacizumab as a first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (WJOG7612GTR).

Background: The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the ability of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor-A short isoforms (pVEGF-Asi) to predict bevacizumab (BV) efficacy and to explore other circulating biomarkers in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with modified FOLFOX6/XELOX plus BV (mFOLFOX6/XELOX + BV).

Patients And Methods: Pre-treatment plasma samples were collected from 100 mCRC patients receiving first-line chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6/XELOX + BV. The plasma levels of 11 angiogenesis-associated molecules, including pVEGF-Asi and 22 cancer-associated gene mutations in circulating tumor DNA, were analyzed.

Pattern of disease progression during third-line or later chemotherapy with nivolumab associated with poor prognosis in advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study in Japan.

Background: Accelerated tumor growth during immunotherapy in pre-existing measurable lesions, hyperprogressive disease (HPD), has been reported. However, progression of non-measurable lesions and new lesions are frequently observed in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods: This retrospective study involved AGC patients at 24 Japanese institutions who had measurable lesions and received nivolumab after ≥ 2 lines of chemotherapy.

A multicentre retrospective study comparing site-specific treatment with empiric treatment for unfavourable subset of cancer of unknown primary site.

Background: Patients with cancer of unknown primary site are divided into two distinct groups, favourable and unfavourable subsets. For the unfavourable subset, empiric treatment or site-specific treatment is recommended, but limited knowledge exists about the efficacy of site-specific treatment compared with empiric treatment in clinical practice.

Methods: In this multicentre retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of patients with cancer of unknown primary site treated with chemotherapy (or chemoradiotherapy) as first-line treatment from eight institutions during 2006-18.