606 results match your criteria: "Japan C.M.; and Hirakata Kohsai Hospital[Affiliation]"

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the incidence of radiological adjacent segment disease (R-ASD) at L3/4 between patients with L4/5 degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) who underwent L4/5 posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and those who underwent microscopic bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach (MBDU) at L4/5. Our ultimate goal was to distinguish the course of natural lumbar degeneration from fusion-related degeneration while eliminating L4/5 decompression as a confounder.

Methods: Ninety patients with L4/5 DS who underwent L4/5 PLIF (n = 53) or MBDU (n = 37) and were followed for at least 5 years were retrospectively analyzed.

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Background And Objectives: Despite their limited benefits and serious adverse effects, psychotropics remain frequently prescribed for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia. Psychotropic polypharmacy, the use of two or more concomitant psychotropic medications, is therefore not recommended for people with dementia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy in Australians living with dementia whose caregivers sought external NPS support from Dementia Support Australia (DSA; the national provider of NPS support) and the association of psychotropic polypharmacy with their demographics and NPS characteristics.

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Tropical peatlands are significant sources of methane (CH₄), but their contribution to the global CH₄ budget remains poorly quantified due to the lack of long-term, continuous and high-frequency flux measurements. To address this gap, we measured net ecosystem CH exchange (NEE-CH) using eddy covariance technique throughout the conversion of a tropical peat swamp forest to an oil palm plantation. This encompassed the periods before, during and after conversion periods from 2014 to 2020, during which substantial environmental shifts were observed.

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Objective: To report patient-reported quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in the DAYLIGHT study.

Study Design: DAYLIGHT was a phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, 24-week, placebo-controlled study. Participants were women aged ≥40 to ≤65 years with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) considered unsuitable for hormone therapy (HT) (contraindications, caution, stoppers, or averse) randomized 1:1 to placebo or fezolinetant 45 mg once daily.

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Financial Conflicts of Interest among Geriatrics Journal Editors in the United States.

J Am Med Dir Assoc

January 2025

Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Blavatnik Family Women's Health Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem causing acute and chronic hepatitis and related diseases. Approximately, 296 million patients have been chronically infected with the virus, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HBV polymerase (HBVpol, pol) plays a pivotal role in HBV replication and must be a definite therapeutic target.

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Guidelines and guidance: what is the path forward for the ISTH?

J Thromb Haemost

November 2024

Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Hematology and Thromboembolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

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Functional Outcome Measures to Optimize Drug Development in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Results From a Meta-Analysis of the Global SBMA Dataset.

Neurology

December 2024

From the Nido Biosciences (S.B.H., A.T.N.T., V.V.), Inc., Boston, MA; Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM) (C.R.), University of Oxford; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases (D.J., L.Z., P.F.), University College of London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosciences (L.B., A.F., G.S.), Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, Italy; Neurogenetics Branch (A.A., A.K., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (J.D., J.V.), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Fondazione IRCSS (S.F., E.C., A.B., C.M., D.P.), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Italy; Department of Neurology (T.K., Y.K., S.Y.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Research Education (M. Katsuno), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Centro Clinico Nemo Adulti-Fondazione Serena onlus (A.C.), Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS; Centro Clinico Nemo Adulti-Fondazione Serena onlus (M.S.), Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; and Department of Neurology (M. Kang, J.-S.P.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea.

Background And Objectives: Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a rare, slowly progressive, and debilitating disease without effective treatments available. Lack of reliable biomarkers and sensitive outcome measures makes clinical research conduct challenging. The primary objective of this study was to identify clinically meaningful and statistically sensitive outcome measures enabling the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in late-stage clinical trials.

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Article Synopsis
  • Prostate cancer (PC) is becoming more common in Asian countries, but there is limited data on its treatment and outcomes in this population.
  • The United in Fight against prOstate cancer (UFO) registry was established to observe and document the characteristics and treatment experiences of PC patients across eight Asian regions from 2015 to 2020.
  • Findings from the registry revealed varying patient demographics, with many presenting with advanced disease and poor quality-of-life scores, suggesting a significant need for better access to modern treatments in Asia to enhance patient outcomes.
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  • A new dual chamber leadless pacemaker system utilizes a temperature-based sensor to monitor heart rate response during exercise, focusing on its effectiveness in both the right ventricle and right atrium.
  • An exercise test was conducted 6 weeks post-implant on eligible subjects to evaluate the pacing response of the ventricular and atrial devices, measuring if the rate increased proportionately with metabolic workload.
  • Results showed that both the ventricular and atrial devices had mean rate-response slopes (0.93 and 0.91, respectively) within the acceptable range, indicating that the temperature-based sensor effectively adjusts pacing to meet increased metabolic demands.
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Patterns and Clinical Implications of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results From the ENCHANTED Study.

Neurology

December 2024

From the Department of Neurology (Y.W., S.W., M.L.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; The George Institute for Global Health (Y.W., T.M., S.Y., C.C., L.L., Z.Z., C.D., J.P.C., C.S.A., X.C.), Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (T.G.R.), Leicester, United Kingdom; University of Sydney (R.I.L.); Department of Clinical Medicine (C.D.), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Division of Neuroimaging Sciences (G.M., J.M.W.), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Centre in the UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (J.P.C., C.S.A.), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Australia; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (H.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Neurology Department (Y.H.), Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Neurology Department (J.S.K.), Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea; Neurology and Psychiatry Department (P.M.L.), Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile; Neurology Department (T.-H.L.), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurology Department (C.L., M.W.P.), John Hunter Hospital and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Brazilian Stroke Network (S.C.M.), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Brazil; Neurology Department (J.D.P.), Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, India; Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences (O.M.P.-N.), Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.K.S.), National University of Singapore and Division of Neurology (V.K.S.), National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Cerebrovascular Disease (T.H.N.), 115 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Shanghai Institute for Hypertension (J.W.), Rui Jin Hospital and Shanghai Jiaotong University; and Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (C.S.A.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Hemorrhagic transformation is a serious complication of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke, and this study aimed to understand its impact on clinical outcomes by evaluating different hemorrhage patterns.
  • The research analyzed data from the Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study and defined symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH) based on established criteria, examining their associations with patient outcomes.
  • Results showed that 17.8% of participants experienced intracranial hemorrhage, with sICH significantly linked to worse outcomes, including death and major disability, while aICH also posed risks, though to a lesser extent.
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Objectives: To evaluate the tolerability of crovalimab versus eculizumab in C5 inhibitor (C5i)-naive and -experienced patients with PNH from COMMODORE 2, 3 and 1 (NCT04434092, NCT04654468 and NCT04432584).

Methods: Pooled safety data were assessed in the total crovalimab and eculizumab populations and by C5i-naive versus C5i-switched status in patients receiving crovalimab. Analyses include 6.

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell products, classified as Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs), have shown promising outcomes in cancer immunotherapy. The quality of raw and starting materials used in manufacturing is critical to ensure the efficacy and safety of CAR-T cell products and depends primarily on the selection of the right materials and the right suppliers. It is essential to consider a long-term strategy when selecting raw and starting materials to prevent delays in the supply of innovative, high-quality, and safe therapies to patients.

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Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4, PAD4) deregulation promotes the development of autoimmunity, cancer, atherosclerosis and age-related tissue fibrosis. PADI4 additionally mediates immune responses and cellular reprogramming, although the full extent of its physiological roles is unexplored. Despite detailed molecular knowledge of PADI4 activation in vitro, we lack understanding of its regulation within cells, largely due to a lack of appropriate systems and tools.

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Patient-centered care in pulmonary fibrosis: access, anticipate, and act.

Respir Res

November 2024

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan.

Comprehensive care integrates individual patient needs and is highly valued for patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The importance of a patient-centered care approach is rooted in the unpredictable progressiveness of the disease course in PF. The respiratory impairment associated with PF has a major impact on the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.

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Objective: This study was undertaken to assess long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of lacosamide (LCM) as adjunctive therapy for generalized onset tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in patients aged ≥4 years with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Methods: EP0012 (NCT02408549) was a phase 3, multicenter, open-label extension (OLE) trial. Patients were enrolled from SP0982 (NCT02408523).

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At the northern high latitudes, rapid warming, associated changes in the hydrological cycle, and rising atmospheric CO concentrations, [CO], are observed at present. Under rapid environmental changes, it is important to understand the current and future trajectories of the CO budget in high-latitude ecosystems. In this study, we present the importance of anomalous wet conditions and rising [CO] on the long-term CO budget based on two decades (2003-2022) of quasicontinuous measurements of CO flux at a poorly drained black spruce forest on permafrost peat in interior Alaska.

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Article Synopsis
  • Major hepatectomy (MH) can lead to a higher risk of adverse events due to reduced liver function and surgical impact, prompting an analysis within the JCOG1113 trial focused on gemcitabine-based treatments for advanced biliary tract cancer.* -
  • Among 354 patients, 76 were evaluated post-surgery for recurrence; results indicated that while platelet counts fell more in patients who underwent MH, anemia and white blood cell count decreases were less frequent compared to those who did not have MH.* -
  • Overall survival rates were similar between MH and non-MH patients receiving gemcitabine with both S-1 and cisplatin, suggesting that gemcitabine-based chemotherapy maintains its safety and efficacy
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Cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) are rare, gigantic, and atypical circulating cells found exclusively in the peripheral blood of patients with solid cancers. Obesity-induced hypoxia attracts macrophages to the tumor microenvironment, where they contribute to establishing chronic inflammation, leading to cancer progression. We hypothesized that obese patients with advanced breast cancer may have CAML profiles different from those of nonobese patients, and these profiles may correlate with proinflammatory markers or other macrophage-related markers.

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Association of CSF α-synuclein seed amplification assay positivity with disease progression and cognitive decline: A longitudinal Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study.

Alzheimers Dement

December 2024

Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (α-syn) seed amplification assay (SAA) is a sensitive and specific tool for detecting Lewy body co-pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: A total of 1637 cross-sectional and 407 longitudinal CSF samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were tested with SAA. We examined longitudinal dynamics of amyloid beta (Aβ), α-syn seeds, and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), along with global and domain-specific cognition in stable SAA+, stable SAA-, and those who converted to SAA+ from SAA-.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a serious genetic condition linked to the absence of a protein called dystrophin, leading to severe mobility and respiratory problems, and is evaluated in the phase 3 EMBARK trial using a gene therapy called delandistrogene moxeparvovec.
  • - The trial involved boys aged 4 to 8 with DMD who received either the gene therapy or a placebo, but results showed no significant improvement in the primary measure of motor function (NSAA score) after 52 weeks.
  • - Although the primary endpoint wasn't met, some secondary measures did show improvement in muscle function and expression of micro-dystrophin, with a notable number of adverse events recorded but
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Article Synopsis
  • Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using CTLA4 and PD-(L)1 inhibitors shows improved anti-tumor effectiveness and immune toxicity compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitors alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  • Patients with mutations in STK11 and/or KEAP1 genes benefit more from the combination treatment compared to those receiving only PD-(L)1 inhibitors, as shown in the POSEIDON trial.
  • The loss of KEAP1 serves as a strong predictor for the success of dual ICB, as it leads to a more favorable outcome by changing the tumor's immune environment to better engage CD4 and CD8 T cells for anti-tumor activity. *
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Article Synopsis
  • An error grid is a tool that helps compare glucose levels measured by devices to see if they are correct and to identify any risks.
  • Experts created a new error grid called the DTS Error Grid that works for both blood glucose monitors (BGMs) and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), organizing accuracy into five risk zones.
  • The results showed that the DTS Error Grid provides a clearer picture of how accurate these devices are and includes a separate matrix to evaluate how well CGMs track glucose trends over time.
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Introduction: Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) have been instrumental in developing effective disease-modifying therapeutics. However, to prevent/treat dementia effectively, we require biomarkers for non-AD neuropathologies; for this, neuropathologic examinations and annotated tissue samples are essential.

Methods: We conducted clinicopathologic correlation for the first 100 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) cases.

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Establishment of the Meyer-Overton correlation in an artificial membrane without protein.

Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj

November 2024

Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: The potency of anesthetics with various structures increases exponentially with lipophilicity, which is the Meyer-Overton (MO) correlation discovered over 120 years ago. The MO correlation was also observed with various biological effects and chemicals, including alcohols; thus, the correlation represents a fundamental relationship between chemicals and organisms. The MO correlation was explained by the lipid and protein theories, although the principle remains unknown because these are still debating.

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