Long-term outcomes after a radioactive iodine treatment for a single autonomous functioning thyroid nodule in Japan.

We investigated the association between a 500 MBq dose of radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT) and both thyroid nodule volume and thyroid function in patients with a single autonomous functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN). We retrospectively studied 201 patients with an AFTN who received RAIT at a dose of 500 MBq and were followed up for more than 2 years. Thyroid function at diagnosis, thyroid antibody positivity, treatment with antithyroid drugs before RAIT, cystic components of the nodule, and I uptake outside the nodule were assessed.

Incidence of the postpartum diagnosis of thyroid eye disease in relation to thyroid function in Graves' disease.

It has been reported that Graves' disease (GD) sometimes improves spontaneously during pregnancy, although exacerbation of GD during postpartum period or relapse of hyperthyroidism caused by GD might occur. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of postpartum diagnosis of thyroid eye disease (TED) in relation to thyroid dysfunction. This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 11,104 deliveries from the patients with GD between January 2004 and August 2022.

A narrative review of long-term inorganic iodine monotherapy for Graves' disease with a historical relationship between iodine and thyroid.

Almost a century has passed since Plummer reported the efficacy of short-term preoperative inorganic iodine therapy for Graves' disease in the 1920s. Since there were concerns about the escape phenomenon and exacerbation with inorganic iodine, antithyroid drugs became the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for Graves' disease following their development in the 1940s. With regard to long-term inorganic iodine monotherapy, Trousseau reported a case in the 1860s, and several subsequent reports suggested its efficacy.

Dose-dependent incidence of agranulocytosis in patients treated with methimazole and propylthiouracil.

Agranulocytosis is a serious adverse effect of methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU), and although there have been reports suggesting a dose-dependent incidence in relation to both drugs, the evidence has not been conclusive. The objective of our study was to determine whether the incidences of agranulocytosis induced by MMI and PTU exhibit dose-dependency. The subjects were 27,784 patients with untreated Graves' disease, 22,993 of whom were on an antithyroid drug treatment regimen for more than 90 days.

Determination of Capillary Blood TSH and Free Thyroxine Levels Using Digital Immunoassay.

Background: The remote performance of thyroid function blood tests is complicated because it requires blood collection.

Objective: To compare TSH and free thyroxine (FT4) levels between capillary and venous blood and assess the adequacy of measuring each value in capillary blood.

Methods: This prospective intervention study was conducted at Ito Hospital and was based on the clinical research method.

Prevalence, Incidence, and Clinical Characteristics of Thyroid Eye Disease in Japan.

Background: Although thyroid eye disease (TED) can impact social and psychological well-being, the epidemiological evidence of TED is lacking in Japan.

Methods: Nationwide claims databases provided by JMDC Inc. and Medical Data Vision Co.

The importance of early-stage blood pressure control in thyroid cancer patients treated with lenvatinib from the perspective of dose intensity.

Purpose: Lenvatinib (LEN) is a multikinase inhibitor that strongly inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors, especially VEGFR-2, which can cause hypertension, as well as strong tumor shrinkage. Though control of any side effects (SEs) is important for maintaining dose intensity (DI), hypertension is particularly important, because blood pressure (BP) can change quickly and respond to LEN administration and withdrawal, and it can be controlled with antihypertensive medications. Focusing on the early phase of treatment, the effect of BP 8 weeks after LEN initiation (BP) on DI at 8 weeks (DI) was investigated.

Role of the Degree of Vascular Invasion in Predicting Prognosis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Objective: The present study investigated the prognostic factors for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) with the incorporation of the histologic subtype and degree of vascular invasion (VI).

Patients: The records of 474 patients with FTC confirmed by surgical specimens at Ito Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival.

New Insights on the Importance of the Extent of Vascular Invasion in Widely Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between the extent of vascular invasion (VI) and the outcome of widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (WI-FTC).

Methods: The records of 107 patients with WI-FTC confirmed by surgical specimens from January 2005 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Among the 107 patients with WI-FTC, those with a VI of < 4 (n = 62) and ≥ 4 (n = 45) had a 10 year cause-specific survival (CSS) rate of 97.

Establishment of reference intervals for fT3, fT4, and TSH levels in Japanese children and adolescents.

The present study aimed to establish new reference intervals (RIs) for serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in Japanese children and adolescents aged 4 to 19 years. A total of 2,036 (1,611 girls, 425 boys) participants were included over a 17-year period; they all tested negative for antithyroid antibodies (TgAb, TPOAb) and were found to have no abnormalities on ultrasonography. RIs were determined by nonparametric methods.

Role of Surgery in Patients with Stage IE Primary Thyroid MALT Lymphoma Staged by a Modified Classification System: The Tokyo Classification.

Purposes: To establish the appropriate staging system and assess the role of curative thyroidectomy alone (Surgery) vs. involved-site radiation therapy after open biopsy (OB-ISRT) in stage IE mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

Methods: We examined the Tokyo Classification as a modified classification.

Evaluation of factors predicting postoperative recurrence and metastasis of parathyroid cancer: a single-center study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the postoperative clinical course of parathyroid carcinoma to determine factors that predict postoperative recurrence and distant metastasis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 38 patients with parathyroid carcinoma who received surgical intervention at Itoh Hospital between 1979 and 2020. Clinicopathologic characteristics (age, sex, intact PTH, serum Ca level, operation type, parathyroid weight, parathyroid size, histopathologic findings: vascular invasion, capsular invasion, necrosis, histological type, and Ki-67 staining) were used.

Multikinase Inhibitor Treatment Patterns for Advanced Thyroid Cancer in Japan: An Administrative Claims Database Study.

Background: The multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) sorafenib, lenvatinib, and vandetanib are approved for advanced thyroid cancer (TC) in Japan. How sequential treatment with MKIs is conducted in Japanese clinical practice is unknown.

Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study used a Japanese administrative claims database (April 2008-September 2021).

Primary Thyroid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) Is Clinically, Prognostically, and Molecularly Different from Sclerosing MEC with Eosinophilia: A Multicenter and Integrated Study.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and sclerosing MEC with eosinophilia (SMECE) are rare primary thyroid carcinomas. In this study, we aimed to present our multicenter series of MEC and SMECE and integrated our data with published literature to further investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognoses of these tumors. We found 2 MECs and 4 SMECEs in our multicenter archives.

Clinical features of moyamoya disease with Graves' disease: a retrospective study of 394,422 patients with thyroid disease.

Graves' disease has been reported to affect the clinical features of moyamoya disease (MMD), an occlusion of the circle of Willis. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of MMD in patients with Graves' disease. This was a single-center, retrospective study.

Impact of Local Control on Clinical Course in Stage IVC Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The present study investigated the association between local resection and cause of death in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) patients with stage IVC disease.

Methods: A total of 54 ATC patients with stage IVC disease were included in the study. Information including patient characteristics, laboratory data including complete blood count, treatment, and death were collected for analysis.

Expression of T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Immune checkpoint proteins have not been fully examined in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive carcinomas. Even multimodal treatment does not result in favorable clinical outcomes for patients with ATC.

Predictors of maximum efficacy of lenvatinib for real-world patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have provided excellent clinical benefits to patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC): however, the tumor status for which maximum efficacy can be obtained remains controversial. We conducted this study to identify effective clinical predictors, focusing on disease progression.

Methods: Using the data of 42 DTC patients treated with lenvatinib, we investigated the clinical factors related to overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and conducted analyses by the scoring of the factors.

Prediction model of Graves' disease in general clinical practice based on complete blood count and biochemistry profile.

Although untreated Graves' disease (GD) is associated with a higher risk of cardiac complications and mortality, there is no well-established way to predict the onset of thyrotoxicosis in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to identify important variables that will make it possible to predict GD and thyrotoxicosis (GD + painless thyroiditis (PT)) by using a machine-learning-based model based on complete blood count and standard biochemistry profile data. We identified 19,335 newly diagnosed GD patients, 3,267 PT patients, and 4,159 subjects without any thyroid disease.

Clinical course and outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pregnancy after diagnosis of distant metastasis.

Purpose: There is no sufficient data about the clinical course and outcome in thyroid cancer patients who become pregnant after diagnosis of distant metastasis (DM). The current study was conducted to collect information regarding the clinical and reproductive characteristics, and outcomes in thyroid cancer patients who became pregnant after being diagnosed with DM.

Methods: Records of 125 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with age ≤45 years at DM diagnosis who had visited Ito Hospital from January 2005 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed.