Magnetically Diluted Dy and Yb Squarates Showing Relaxation Tuning and Matrix Dependence.

A new compound [Y(sq)(HO)] (Y-sq; sq = squarate (CO)) was prepared and structurally characterized. Since the RE-sq family (RE = Y, Dy, Yb, Lu) gave isostructural crystals, the objective of this study is to explore the effects of diamagnetic dilution on the SIM behavior through systematic investigation and comparison of diamagnetically diluted and undiluted forms. The 1%-Diluted Dy compounds, Dy@Y-sq and Dy@Lu-sq, showed AC magnetic susceptibility peaks without any DC bias field (), whereas undiluted Dy-sq showed no AC out-of-phase response under the same conditions.

Synthesis and Optical Properties of -Arylnaphtho- and Anthra[2,3-]oxazol-2-amines.

Oxazole, a versatile and significant heteroarene, serves as a bridge between synthetic organic chemistry and applications in the medicinal, pharmaceutical, and industrial fields. Polycyclic aromatic compounds with amino groups substituted at the 2-position of an oxazole, such as 2-aminonaphthoxazoles, are expected to be functional probes, but their synthetic methods are extremely limited. Herein, we describe electrochemical reactions of 3-amino-2-naphthol or 3-amino-2-anthracenol and isothiocyanates in DMSO, using a graphite electrode as an anode and a platinum electrode as a cathode in the presence of potassium iodide (KI), which afford -arylnaphtho- and -arylanthra[2,3-]oxazol-2-amines via cyclodesulfurization.

Comparative Analysis of γ-Cyclodextrin, Perilla Oil, and Their Inclusion Complexes on Liver Injury and Dyslipidemia Associated with Elevated Gastrointestinal 12-Hydroxylated Bile Acid Levels.

Our previous study demonstrated that γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD)-perilla oil inclusion complexes increase plasma α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid levels in healthy rats without adverse effects. The present study examined the effects of perilla oil, γ-CD, and their inclusion complexes on rats fed cholic acid (CA) to mimic the elevated gastrointestinal 12-hydroxylated (12OH) bile acid levels in high-fat diet-fed rats. Rats fed CA (CA group) tended to have higher AST, ALT, plasma total cholesterol (T-CHO), and triglyceride (TG) levels compared to controls fed a standard diet without CA.

Molecular Origami: Designing Functional Molecules of the Future.

In the field of chemical biology, DNA origami has been actively researched. This technique, which involves folding DNA strands like origami to assemble them into desired shapes, has made it possible to create complex nanometer-sized structures, marking a major breakthrough in nanotechnology. On the other hand, controlling the folding mechanisms and folded structures of proteins or shorter peptides has been challenging.

Effect Size of Targeted Temperature Management in Pediatric Patients with Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome According to the Severity.

Aim: Few studies have investigated the differential effects of targeted temperature management (TTM) according to the severity of the condition in pediatric patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). This study was aimed at evaluating the differential effects of TTM in pediatric patients with PCAS according to a risk classification tool developed by us, the rCAST.

Methods: We used data from a nationwide prospective registry for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in Japan.

Fabrication and Compression Properties of Two-Layered Porous Structure of Different Materials by Direct Printing of Resin Porous Structure on Aluminum Foam Using a 3D Printer.

The porous structure, in which many pores are intentionally placed inside the material, has excellent impact energy absorption properties. Recent studies have attempted to fabricate multi-layered porous structures with different mechanical properties within a single porous structure sample, and the mechanical properties of these structures are being elucidated. However, these studies mainly attempted to vary the densities, pore structures, and alloy compositions within a single material, such as aluminum, for the entire sample.

Metallic Ion Release Behaviors from Cobalt-Chromium Alloys Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing with Mechanical Grinding in an Acidic Saline Solution.

This study aimed to investigate the release of metallic ions from cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) for comparison with dental casting. Co-Cr alloys were fabricated via AM using selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) in powder-bed fusion. Polished and mechanically ground specimens were prepared.

Deformation Behavior of Inconel 625 Alloy with TPMS Structure.

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) are known for their smooth, fully interconnected, and naturally porous characteristics, offering a superior alternative to traditional porous structures. These structures often suffer from stress concentration and a lack of adjustability. Using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), we have fabricated Inconel 625 sheet-based TPMS lattice structures with four distinct topologies: Primitive, IWP, Diamond, and Gyroid.

Nano-Fibrillated Bacterial Cellulose Nanofiber Surface Modification with EDTA for the Effective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Solutions.

Nano-fibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC) has very long fibers (>17 μm) with diameters of approximately 20 nm. Hence, they have a very high aspect ratio and surface area. The high specific surface area of NFBC can potentially be utilized as an adsorbent.

Effect of Hardness Distribution on Strength of Narrow-Gap Hot-Wire Laser-Welded Joint for High-Tensile Strength Steel.

Application of high-heat input welding on high-tensile strength steels causes deterioration of mechanical properties of the welded joint, due to softening and grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). In this study, low-heat input narrow-gap hot-wire laser welding was applied to 12 mm thick 780 MPa-class high-tensile strength steel plate. Conditions were optimized based on microstructural observations of joints produced at various welding speeds.

Determination of the Entire Existence Composition Range of CrMnFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloys Using Sintered Diffusion Multiple Method.

The sintered diffusion multiple (SDM) method, which has been developed in our research group, has been applied to determine the entire composition range of the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy stereoscopically and continuously over nearly the entire range. The samples were prepared by sintering mixed elemental powders and were annealed at 970 °C or 800 °C. Several hundreds of thousands of points were analyzed at random within the samples for chemical compositions using electron probe microanalysis.

Control of Silver Micro-Flakes Sintering and Connection Properties of Epoxy-Based Conductive Adhesives by the Effectiveness of Binder Chemistry.

Bonding materials with high thermal and electrical conductivity and reliable resistance to thermal stress are required. The authors have been conducting fundamental research on sintering-type bonding, in which metal micro-fillers are low-temperature sintered in the resin-bonded type electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), as a new bonding technology, with the aim of easing thermal stress through the resin binder. This study investigated the influence of the kind of additive diluent in epoxy-based ECAs containing silver (Ag) micro-flakes on the microstructure development in the adhesives and the connection properties to metal electrodes.

The Thermal Tolerance of Springtails in a Tropical Cave, with the Description of a New Species (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Thailand.

A new species of Collembola in the genus , , is described from a cave environment in Saraburi province, central Thailand. The new species is the second described species of the -group found in the country. It is most similar to Nilsai, Lima & Jantarit, 2022, which is also described from a Thai cave.

Anise and Fennel Essential Oils and Their Combination as Natural and Safe Housefly Repellents.

Essential oils (EOs) are effective repellents and eco-friendly alternatives. We tested single and combination EOs of fennel and anise for repellency and stability against houseflies. All treatments were stored at 27 °C for up to 360 days.

One-Step Fabrication of Water-Dispersible Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles with Immobilized Lactoferrin for Intraoral Disinfection.

Lactoferrin is a highly safe antibacterial protein found in the human body and in foods. Calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles with immobilized lactoferrin could therefore be useful as intraoral disinfectants for the prevention and treatment of dental infections because CaP is a mineral component of human teeth. In this study, we fabricated CaP nanoparticles with co-immobilized lactoferrin and heparin using a simple one-step coprecipitation process.

Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 Regulates the Secretion of Growth Factors in Response to Amino Acid Deprivation.

Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are well-known mediators of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I signaling pathways. We previously reported that the protein levels of IRS-2, a molecular species of IRS, were upregulated in the livers of rats fed a protein-restricted diet. This study aimed to elucidate the physiological role of IRS-2, whose level increases in response to protein restriction in cultured hepatocyte models.

Pathophysiology of Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Lung Diseases and/or Hypoxia.

Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia is classified as group 3 in the clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. The efficacy of existing selective pulmonary vasodilators for group 3 pulmonary hypertension is still unknown, and it is currently associated with a poor prognosis. The mechanisms by which pulmonary hypertension occurs include hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, a decrease in pulmonary vascular beds, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), inflammation, microRNA, and genetic predisposition.

Effects of Aging on Intramuscular Collagen-Related Factors After Injury to Mouse Tibialis Anterior Muscle.

Collagen I is the most abundant type of intramuscular collagen. Lysyl oxidase promotes collagen cross-link formation, which helps stabilize the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases, responsible for collagen degradation, maintain typical muscle structure and function through remodeling.

Fabrication of Hard Tissue Constructs from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Exploring Mechanisms of Hereditary Tooth/Skeletal Dysplasia.

Tooth/skeletal dysplasia, such as hypophosphatasia (HPP), has been extensively studied. However, there are few definitive treatments for these diseases owing to the lack of an in vitro disease model. Cells differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) demonstrate a pathological phenotype.

Galectins and Liver Diseases.

Galectins are widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, from marine sponges to mammals. Galectins are a family of soluble lectins that specifically recognize β-galactoside-containing glycans and are categorized into three subgroups based on the number and function of their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). The interaction of galectins with specific ligands mediates a wide range of biological activities, depending on the cell type, tissue context, expression levels of individual galectin, and receptor involvement.

HGS Promotes Tumor Growth, Whereas the Coiled-Coil Domain and Its Oligopeptide of HGS Suppress It.

We previously isolated a cDNA clone for galactosylceramide expression factor 1, which is the rat homologue of hepatocyte-growth-factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS) and induces galactosylceramide expression and morphological changes in COS-7 cells, and reported that overexpression of HGS induced morphological changes in canine kidney epithelial MDCK cells. HGS is a component of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport machinery that mediates endosomal multivesicle body formation. In this study, the overexpression of HGS induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and caused transformation in MDCK cells, whereas the overexpression of a coiled-coil domain of HGS inhibited induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by HGF stimulation.

The Diurnal Variation in Mitochondrial Gene in Human Type 2 Diabetic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Grafts.

The application of regenerative therapy through stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising avenue for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Transplanted tissue homeostasis is affected by disturbances in the clock genes of stem cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the diurnal variation in mitochondrial genes and function after transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T2DM-ADSCs) from type 2 diabetic patients into immunodeficient mice.

Decoding Codon Bias: The Role of tRNA Modifications in Tissue-Specific Translation.

The tRNA epitranscriptome has been recognized as an important player in mRNA translation regulation. Our knowledge of the role of the tRNA epitranscriptome in fine-tuning translation via codon decoding at tissue or cell levels remains incomplete. We analyzed tRNA expression and modifications as well as codon optimality across seven mouse tissues.

Establishing a General Atomistic Model for the Stratum Corneum Lipid Matrix Based on Experimental Data for Skin Permeation Studies.

Understanding the permeation of drugs through the intercellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum layer of skin is crucial for effective transdermal delivery. Molecular dynamics simulations can provide molecular insights into the permeation process. In this study, we developed a new atomistic model representing the multilamellar arrangement of lipids in the stratum corneum intercellular space for permeation studies.

Energy Metabolism and Stemness and the Role of Lauric Acid in Reversing 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

While 5-fluorouracil (5FU) plays a central role in chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), resistance to 5FU remains a major challenge in CRC treatment, and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between 5FU resistance acquisition, stemness, and energy metabolism. Among the two CRC cell lines, HT29 cells exhibited glycolytic and quiescent properties, while CT26 cells relied on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy.