Novel Meningoencephalomyelitis Associated With Vimentin IgG Autoantibodies.

Importance: Autoantibodies targeting astrocytes, such as those against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or aquaporin protein 4, are crucial diagnostic markers for autoimmune astrocytopathy among central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disorders. However, diagnosis remains challenging for patients lacking specific autoantibodies.

Objective: To characterize a syndrome of unknown meningoencephalomyelitis associated with an astrocytic autoantibody.

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Anatomic Pathology.

Context.—: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including anatomic pathology, where it offers the potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, workflow efficiency, and research capabilities.

Objective.

Volume and quality of the gluteal muscles are associated with early physical function after total hip arthroplasty.

Purpose: Identifying muscles linked to postoperative physical function can guide protocols to enhance early recovery following total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative pelvic and thigh muscle volume and quality with early physical function after THA in patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis (HOA).

Methods: Preoperative Computed tomography (CT) images of 61 patients (eight males and 53 females) with HOA were analyzed.

Aneurysmal rupture in microscopic polyangiitis: a case-based review.

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) affects small and medium vessel, which sometimes leads to arterial aneurysms. In English database, only 15 reports refer to ruptured aneurysms in MPA. We experienced a fatal case with MPA who developed multiple visceral aneurysms, resulting in rupture of the hepatic aneurysm.

Effective Repeated Production of γ-glutamylcysteine, Essential For Intracellular Glutathione Production, Using Cellulose-immobilized Phytochelatin Synthase-like Enzyme NsPCS.

γ-Glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) can increase intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, which may prevent and alleviate age-related disorders and chronic diseases caused by oxidative damage. However, the commercial availability of γ-EC remains limited owing to its complex chemical synthesis from glutamate and cysteine. In this study, we have developed the method of the effective conversion of GSH to γ-EC to achieve the optimal reaction conditions for repeated batch production and potential application in industrial γ-EC production using the phytochelatin synthase-like enzyme NsPCS.

Efficacy of prophylactic laxatives against opioid-induced constipation: retrospective propensity score matching analysis.

Purpose: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is problematic for patients with cancer receiving opioid therapy. Some guidelines recommend initiating regular laxatives at the same time as opioid analgesics. However, the effectiveness of prophylactic laxatives on OIC has not been widely demonstrated.

Role of polyamines in intestinal mucosal barrier function.

The intestinal epithelium is a rapidly self-renewing tissue; the rapid turnover prevents the invasion of pathogens and harmful components from the intestinal lumen, preventing inflammation and infectious diseases. Intestinal epithelial barrier function depends on the epithelial cell proliferation and junctions, as well as the state of the immune system in the lamina propria. Polyamines, particularly putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are essential for many cell functions and play a crucial role in mammalian cellular homeostasis, such as that of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance, through multiple biological processes, including translation, transcription, and autophagy.

iForensic, multicentric validation of digital whole slide images (WSI) in forensic histopathology setting according to the College of American Pathologists guidelines.

Pathology has benefited from the rapid progress of image-digitizing technology during the last decade. However, the application of digital whole slide images (WSI) in forensic pathology still needs to be improved. WSI validation is crucial to ensure diagnostic performance, at least equivalent to glass slides and light microscopy.

Non-invasive electron paramagnetic resonance imaging detects tumor redox imbalance induced by ferroptosis.

Targeting ferroptosis, cell death caused by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides, and disruption of the redox balance are promising strategies in cancer therapy owing to the physiological characteristics of cancer cells. However, the detection of ferroptosis using imaging remains challenging. We previously reported that redox maps showing the reduction power per unit time of implanted tumor tissues via non-invasive redox imaging using a novel, compact, and portable electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) device could be compared with tumor tissue sections.

Insight into copper coordination in O reduction by water-soluble cytochrome oxidase models.

Iron-copper complexes have been extensively studied in the search for efficient cytochrome oxidase models. Whereas most dinuclear materials usually focus on fine-tuning the coordination of heme-Fe, this work shows that the coordination of copper in cytochrome oxidase models should be carefully taken into consideration. A β-cyclodextrin dimer was built around a bipyridine linker and combined with Fe-tetraphenylsulfonatoporphyrinate (FeTPPS) to generate a self-assembled hydrosoluble cytochrome oxidase model.

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Pediatric Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Retrospective Observational Analysis.

Aim: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) rarely affects pediatric patients and is characterized by prolonged fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of KFD remains challenging and often requires an invasive biopsy. Low serum alkaline phosphatase levels have frequently been observed in patients with KFD; however, the clinical significance of low serum alkaline phosphatase levels remains unclear.

Postdoc publications and citations link to academic retention and faculty success.

Postdoctoral training is a career stage often described as a demanding and anxiety-laden time when many promising PhDs see their academic dreams slip away due to circumstances beyond their control. We use a unique dataset of academic publishing and careers to chart the more or less successful postdoctoral paths. We build a measure of academic success on the citation patterns two to five years into a faculty career.

The unique structure of the highly conserved PPLP region in HIV-1 Vif is critical for the formation of APOBEC3 recognition interfaces.

The human cellular cytidine deaminases APOBEC3s (A3s) inhibit virion infectivity factor (Vif)-deficient HIV-1 replication. However, virus-encoded Vifs abolish this defense system by specifically recruiting A3s to an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to induce their degradation. The highly conserved Vif PPLP motif is critical for the Vif-mediated antagonism of A3s and is believed to be important for Vif multimerization.

The Melanocyte and Nerve Fiber Cross-Talk, Facilitated Also by Semaphorin-4A, Enhances UV-B-Induced Melanogenesis.

Epidermal melanocytes form synaptic-like contacts with cutaneous nerve fibers, but the functional outcome of these connections remains elusive. In this pilot study we used our fully humanized re-innervated skin organ culture model to investigate melanocyte-nerve fiber interactions in UV-B-induced melanogenesis. UV-B-irradiation significantly enhanced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in re-innervated skin compared to non-innervated controls, indicating that neuronal presence is essential for exacerbating pigmentation upon UV-B irradiation in long-term culture.

Successful Clozapine Treatment for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia With Zinc Deficiency Severe Anemia: A Case Report.

Introduction: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Despite its high efficacy for TRS, clozapine is associated with several serious adverse effects, such as neutropenia and diabetes, so it requires vigilant monitoring. Severe anemia has also been documented as a rare but serious complication with an unclear mechanism.

Role of Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Systemic Sclerosis: Pathophysiological and Prognostic Significance of the Systemic Sclerosis with a Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction Phenotype.

Aims: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are common cardiac complications of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Exercise stress echocardiography is often used in symptomatic patients with SSc to detect abnormal increases in pulmonary pressures during exercise, but the pathophysiologic and prognostic significance of exercise stress echocardiography to assess the presence of HFpEF in these patients is unclear.

Methods And Results: Patients with SSc (n=140) underwent ergometry exercise stress echocardiography with simultaneous expired gas analysis.

In Vitro Formation of Actin Ring in the Fission Yeast Cell Extracts.

Cytokinesis in animal and fungal cells requires the contraction of actomyosin-based contractile rings formed in the division cortex of the cell during late mitosis. However, the detailed mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we aim to develop a novel cell-free system by encapsulating cell extracts obtained from fission yeast cells within lipid vesicles, which subsequently leads to the formation of a contractile ring-like structure inside the vesicles.

In Situ Mechanics of the Cytoskeleton.

Not only for man-made architecture but also for living cells, the relationship between force and structure is a fundamental properties that governs their mechanical behaviors. However, our knowledge of the mechanical properties of intracellular structures is very limited because of the lack of direct measurement methods. We established high-force intracellular magnetic tweezers that can generate calibrated forces up to 10 nN, enabling direct force measurements of the cytoskeleton.

Disulfide Compound-Impregnated Paper Substrate-Based Highly Efficient Colorimetric Gas Sensor for Detection of Volatile Sulfur Compounds in Noninvasive Breath Analysis.

Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are prevalent human biogases detectable in individuals with periodontal disease; therefore, measuring VSC gases in human breath can yield significant, noninvasive diagnostic information indicative of such diseases. In this study, we developed a gas sensor with selective and enhanced sensing capabilities for VSCs methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide. This sensor comprises a cellulose paper substrate impregnated with 2,2'-dithiobis(5-nitropyridine) and sodium acetate.