Mechanistic Insight into the Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Addition of Carboxylic Acid to Alkenes in a Two-Molecule Photoredox System.

The detailed mechanism of photoinduced decarboxylative radical addition to alkenes using both the effect of an electron donor (ED)/electron acceptor (EA) and laser flash photolysis in a two-molecule photoredox system was investigated. The concentration of EA played an important role in the photoreaction and could be controlled by varying the concentrations of ED/EA and their identity, which influenced Δ. Higher concentrations of ED/EA and a larger negative Δ led to a higher concentration of EA, thereby increasing the yield of the adduct; however, the large negative Δ for the generation of the EDA complex hindered decarboxylation.

Assertiveness in community pharmacists and their experience of pharmacist-led deprescribing: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Deprescribing by physicians based on the suggestions of community pharmacists is useful to ensure medication safety. Pharmacist-led deprescribing is not always implemented smoothly because of communication gaps between physicians and pharmacists. Our previous study found that assertiveness, as a communication style, is associated with pharmacist-initiated prescription changes for medication safety; however, its association with community pharmacist-led deprescribing is unclear.

Carmiseconapine A as a Promising Antidepressant Candidate: An Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Agonist with an Unprecedented Chemical Skeleton.

A novel rearranged C-diterpenoid alkaloid, carmiseconapline A (), featuring a unique 10,20:11,12-di--napelline skeleton with a fused 5/6/5/6/7 pentacyclic ring system, was isolated from Debeaux. Compound exhibited remarkable antidepressive activity, being twice as potent as fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) at 0.06 mg/kg in mice.

A Revised Optical Coherence Tomography-Derived Calcium Score to Predict Stent Underexpansion in Severely Calcified Lesions.

Background: Severe calcification is the morphology most strongly associated with stent underexpansion.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to revise an optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived calcium score to predict stent underexpansion in severely calcified lesions (angle >270°) using a point-based system.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in which 250 de novo lesions undergoing OCT-guided stenting, with angiographically visible calcium and optical coherence tomographic maximum superficial calcium angle >270°, not subjected to atherectomy or specialty balloon treatment before stent implantation, were randomly divided into derivation (n = 167) and validation (n = 83) cohorts.

Best Practices for Imaging of Transcatheter Valve Failure: An Update From the Heart Valve Collaboratory.

This updated Heart Valve Collaboratory framework addresses the growing concern for transcatheter valve failure (TVF) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). With the increasing volume of redo-TAV and surgical TAV explantation, there is a critical need for standardized pathways and protocols for evaluating TVF using echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography. This document clarifies prior definitions of bioprosthetic valve deterioration and bioprosthetic valve failure in a practical, imaging directed context for TAVR.

Kimura disease of the tongue base: a rare case diagnosed through cytological examination of Warthin-Finkeldey-type multinucleated cells.

Kimura disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects Asian males and typically presents in the head and neck region. We describe an exceptionally rare case of KD involving the lingual tonsil of Waldeyer's ring in a 39-year-old Japanese man, marking only the second reported instance of lingual involvement and the first specifically affecting the tongue base. The patient presented with a well-circumscribed, 3.

Establishing Cross-Specialty Expert Consensus on the Optimal Management of Hyperkalemia in Patients With Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Patients with both heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi), but these drugs can cause hyperkalemia, which may lead to their reduction or discontinuation, resulting in the loss of their beneficial effects. Approaches to managing RAASi-induced hyperkalemia are discordant, so in this study we aimed to establish a cross-specialty consensus on the optimal approach to managing hyperkalemia in patients with HF and CKD.

Methods And Results: The study used a modified Delphi methodology.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Premedication in Preventing Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nonionic Contrast Agents.

Iodine-based contrast agents can induce various acute hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild itching or vomiting shortly after administration to severe hypotension or loss of consciousness. In Japan, steroid premedication is commonly used to prevent acute hypersensitivity reactions. However, little clear evidence supporting its efficacy is available.

Methylene Blue Removal from the Aqueous Phase Using a Magnetic-Calcined Bamboo Composite Adsorbent.

In the present study, magnetic-calcined bamboo composite adsorbents (MCBC200, MCBC400, MCBC600, MCBC800, and MCBC1000) were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics (scanning electron microscope images, differential thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform-IR, specific surface area, surface functional groups, and point of zero charge [pH]) were evaluated. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB, cationic dye) using the prepared adsorbents was assessed. The value of pH and the specific surface area of MCBC400 were 7.

Status of temozolomide use without insurance coverage in patients with aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

The 2017 World Health Organization classification described aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) as "a tumor with strong invasiveness and rapid growth, which is difficult to treat with surgery, radiation therapy, or drug therapy," which remains a challenge in the treatment of pituitary tumors. Currently, temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line treatment for aggressive PitNET. However, it is not yet covered by insurance in Japan.

Identification of Issues Related to Enteral Nutrients Using a Database of Near-miss Events from Community Pharmacies.

Undernutrition is a common risk after surgery or during periods when oral dietary intake is challenging. Enteral nutrients, frequently utilized in nutritional management, are drugs associated with multiple contraindications involving pathology and allergy, and they require careful attention in dispensing. However, the occurrence of nutrition-related incidents in community pharmacies remains unknown.

The influence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on the development of long-term postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Japanese general population remains unclear. To investigate the influence of HDP on long-term postpartum development of metabolic disorders and T2D, we conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (75g-OGTT) in 978 parous Japanese women (median age: 66 years). We further evaluated the combined effect of HDP and T2D susceptibility genes on developing T2D.

Re-recognized universality of Kozai oscillation on three-body dynamics.

In 1962, Yoshihide Kozai reported his findings on the secular dynamics of asteroids moving in orbits with high inclination and eccentricity. In contrast to the classic understanding of the stability of planetary motion in the solar system, Kozai showed that asteroids can significantly change their orbital shape over a long timescale in an oscillatory manner between nearly circular orbits and highly elliptic orbits. An anti-correlated variation between orbital inclination and eccentricity characterizes this oscillation.

Peaks in weak lensing mass maps for cluster astrophysics and cosmology.

Clusters of galaxies can be identified from the peaks in weak lensing aperture mass maps constructed from weak lensing shear catalogs. Such purely gravitational cluster selection differs considerably from traditional cluster selection based on the baryonic properties of clusters. In this review, we present the basics and applications of weak lensing shear-selected cluster samples.

Multi-region processing during sleep for memory and cognition.

Over the past decades, the understanding of sleep has evolved to be a fundamental physiological mechanism integral to the processing of different types of memory rather than just being a passive brain state. The cyclic sleep substates, namely, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep, exhibit distinct yet complementary oscillatory patterns that form inter-regional networks between different brain regions crucial to learning, memory consolidation, and memory retrieval. Technical advancements in imaging and manipulation approaches have provided deeper understanding of memory formation processes on multi-scales including brain-wide, synaptic, and molecular levels.

Usefulness of an Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring System for Risk Management of Individuals without Diabetes in Japan.

We examined whether the glucose levels and awareness of individuals without diabetes changed after using a sensor-based intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) system in their daily lives. Japanese individuals without a diabetes diagnosis wore the isCGM system while maintaining a normal lifestyle during the baseline period. A certified diabetes educator coached them on how to improve their lifestyle based on information from sensor data, food journals, and body composition.

Potential New Tumors Associated with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC).

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is traditionally associated with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, predominantly impacting breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. However, recent research suggests that these mutations may also predispose carriers to a broader spectrum of malignancies, including biliary tract, cervical, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, and gastric cancers. This review presents findings from extensive datasets, including a significant study from a nationwide Japanese biobank that examined cancer risks in 63,828 patients and 37,086 controls.

KRAB zinc-finger proteins regulate endogenous retroviruses to sculpt germline transcriptomes and genome evolution.

As transposable elements (TEs) coevolved with the host genome, the host genome exploited TEs as functional regulatory elements of gene expression. Here we show that a subset of KRAB domain-containing zinc-finger proteins (KZFPs), which are highly expressed in mitotically dividing spermatogonia, repress the enhancer function of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and that the release from KZFP-mediated repression allows activation of ERV enhancers upon entry into meiosis. This regulatory feature is observed for independently evolved KZFPs and ERVs in mice and humans, suggesting evolutionary conservation in mammals.

Association of occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviour with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study based on the Inpatient Clinico-Occupational Database of Rosai Hospital Group.

Objectives: While there is growing evidence that physical activity reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the impact of occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviour remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between occupational physical activity and sedentary behaviour and HCC risk.

Design: Matched case-control study.

KEIO knockout collection reveals metabolomic crosstalk in Chlorella spp.-Escherichia coli co-cultures.

The interdependence between microalgae and bacteria has sparked scientific interest over years, primarily driven by the practical applications of microalgal-bacteria consortia in wastewater treatment and algal biofuel production. Although adequate studies have focused on the broad interactions and general behavior between the two entities, there remains a scarcity of study on the metabolic role of symbiotic bacteria in promoting microalgal growth. Here, we use the KEIO Knockout Collection, an Escherichia coli gene knockout mutant library, to systematically screen for genes involved in the interdependence of Chlorella sorokiniana and E.

Wearable device-measured physical activity and incident cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors.

Objective: To explore the association of wearable device-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in long-term cancer survivors.

Methods: This retrospective analysis involved a prospective cohort of 6109 cancer survivors without CVD from the UK Biobank accelerometry subsample. The MVPA volume is categorised into four groups based on guideline recommendations (0-75 min/week, 75-150 min/week, 150-300 min/week, ≥300 min/week).