Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: Currently, paradoxical findings exist regarding the level of functioning in individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal).

Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori and their families in comparison to those without Hikikomori.

Method: Relevant studies were searched from April 22 to 25, 2022, using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two Japanese databases.

Phase 1 Mass Balance Study of Pizuglanstat: An Investigational Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase Inhibitor.

Pizuglanstat is a novel hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase inhibitor and investigational treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This Phase 1 mass balance study aimed to characterize the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of carbon-14 (C)-labeled pizuglanstat in healthy adults (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04825431).

Viral Membrane-Targeting Amphipathic Helical Peptide-Based Fluorogenic Probes for the Analysis of Infectious Titers of Enveloped Viruses.

Enveloped viruses have caused the majority of epidemics and pandemics over the past decade. Direct sensing of virus particles (virions) holds great potential for the functional analysis of enveloped viruses. Here, we explore a series of viral membrane-targeting amphipathic helical (AH) peptide-based molecular probes for the assessment of infectious titers of the human coronavirus 229E virus (HCoV-229E).

Contrasting Mechanochromic Luminescence of Enantiopure and Racemic Pyrenylprolinamides: Elucidating Solid-State Excimer Orientation by Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and mechanochromic luminescence (MCL) have independently made substantial progress in recent years. However, the exploration of MCL in solid-state CPL materials, which holds practical significance, is still in its infancy. Herein, we report the MCL properties of readily accessible chiral pyrenylprolinamides bearing tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) or 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (Troc) groups.

Comparative Efficacy of Antithrombotic Strategies in Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement: A Network Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis evaluates outcomes in patients undergoing bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (bAVR), comparing different antithrombotic strategies. We conducted a systematic search through May 2024. A standard meta-analysis compared outcomes between patients who received anticoagulation therapy (AC) and those who did not.

WDR74-Mediated Ribosome Biogenesis and Proteome Dynamics During Mouse Preimplantation Development.

Preimplantation embryonic development is orchestrated by dynamic changes in the proteome and transcriptome, regulated by mechanisms such as maternal-to-zygotic transition. Here, we employed label-free quantitative proteomics to comprehensively analyze proteome dynamics from germinal vesicle oocytes to blastocysts in mouse embryos. We identified 3490 proteins, including 715 consistently detected across all stages, revealing stage-specific changes in proteins associated with translation, protein modification, and mitochondrial metabolism.

Women's health care committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Annual report-2024.

The Women's Health Care Committee was established in 2010 to improve the health of women. In the current academic year, this committee established seven subcommittees aimed at understanding diseases related to various age groups of women, including adolescence, sexual maturity, and menopause, and promoting research to improve the quality of life. Additionally, socially significant research has focused on infections, particularly resistant bacteria.

One-Pot, Telescoped Aryl Nitrile Synthesis from Benzylic Silyl Ethers.

A one-pot, telescoped transformation of silyl ethers into cyanides that proceeds via silyl-ether oxidation mediated by nitroxyl-radical catalyst and [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene followed by an imine formation-oxidation sequence using iodine and aqueous ammonia is reported. This transformation is effective for the site-selective transformation of benzylic and allylic silyl ethers in the presence of other silyl ethers. Using an -protected oxime and a catalytic amount of triflic acid instead of iodine/aqueous ammonia is also effective for cyanation.

Progressive Increase in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Induced by Cold Exposure.

Background: Exposure to cold environments is linked to cold-induced hypertension due to activated sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial baroreceptor reflex dysfunction. However, direct measurement of SNA during cold-induced hypertension and changes in baroreflex control of SNA remain unexplored.

Methods: Chronically instrumented rats were exposed to cold temperatures (10 °C) over 4 days after a control period (24 °C), and renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activities were simultaneously measured during cold-induced hypertension.

Evidence-Based Application of Natriuretic Peptides in the Evaluation of Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Ambulatory Outpatient Setting.

Background: Plasma NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) is commonly used to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but its diagnostic performance in the ambulatory/outpatient setting is unknown because previous studies lacked objective reference standards.

Methods: Among patients with chronic dyspnea, diagnosis of HFpEF or noncardiac dyspnea was determined conclusively by exercise catheterization in a derivation cohort (n=414), multicenter validation cohort 1 (n=560), validation cohort 2 (n=207), and a nonobese Japanese validation cohort 3 (n=77). Optimal NT-proBNP cut points for HFpEF rule out (optimizing sensitivity) and rule in (optimizing specificity) were derived and tested, stratified by obesity and atrial fibrillation.

Origins and conservation of topological polarization defects in resonant photonic-crystal diffraction.

We present a continuative definition of topological charge to depict the polarization defects on any resonant diffraction orders in photonic crystal slab regardless they are radiative or evanescent. By using such a generalized definition, we investigate the origins and conservation of polarization defects across the whole Brillouin zone. We found that the mode crossings due to Brillouin zone folding contribute to the emergence of polarization defects in the entire Brillouin zone.

Comprehensive comparative metabolome study of a large collection of Corsican bryophytes.

Introduction: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that appeared on Earth before vascular plants. More than 24,000 species are reported worldwide, and only a small proportion have been studied. However, part of their biosynthetic potential has been unveiled and more than 1,600 terpenoids have been detected and identified.

Competing pathways to aromaticity governed by amine dehydrogenation and metal-organic complexation in on-surface synthesis.

We investigated the reactivity of a -dichlorovinyl-carbazole precursor in the on-surface synthesis approach. Our findings reveal that, on the Au(111) surface, the thermally-induced dehalogenation reaction led to the formation of cumulene dimers. Contrastingly, the more reactive Cu(111) surface promoted the formation of a polyheterocyclic compound exhibiting extended aromaticity.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Hyperdense Artery Sign in Early Detection of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Validation Study.

Background: Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on a non-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan is considered an important radiological marker in detecting acute arterial thrombotic occlusion, and it is one of the earliest signs of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This finding has been observed within 90 min of symptom onset. Modern approaches to patients with cerebral infarction emphasize early diagnosis and management.

Corrigendum: Enhancing enzyme-mediated cellulose hydrolysis by incorporating acid groups onto the lignin during biomass pretreatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.

Current research status and trends of potassium-competitive acid blockers in the treatment of acid-related diseases: a bibliometric analysis.

Objective: To explore the current research status and trends of potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) in the treatment of acid related diseases (ARDs) using bibliometric analysis.

Materials And Methods: We collected publications related to P-CAB in the treatment of acid-related diseases in the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection from the establishment of the database to 30 June 2024. We evaluated the publication volume and citation status over the years using the WOS platform, and visualized the authors, countries, institutions, keywords, and citations of the publications using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Review of cancer cell volatile organic compounds: their metabolism and evolution.

Cancer is ranked as the top cause of premature mortality. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced from catalytic peroxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have become a highly attractive non-invasive cancer screening approach. For future clinical applications, however, the correlation between cancer hallmarks and cancer-specific VOCs requires further study.

Active withdrawal of corticosteroids using tocilizumab and its association with autoantibody profiles in relapsed Takayasu arteritis: a multicentre, single-arm, prospective study (the Ab-TAK study).

Objectives: The feasibility of corticosteroid withdrawal (CW) for Takayasu arteritis (TAK) remains uncertain. Two autoantibodies (Abs) are identified against endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI) in TAK, determining its three subgroups. This study aimed to evaluate CW using tocilizumab (TCZ) and its association with the Ab profile.

Case report: A novel germline loss-of-function mutation in the STAT1 transactivation domain in two Chinese siblings, with the elder sibling presenting with multifocal Calmette-Guerin osteomyelitis.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene mutations have broad clinical phenotypes, classified by the inheritance pattern and functional state. Individuals with autosomal dominant STAT1 deficiency are more susceptible to intracellular bacteria, the hallmark of which is Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMDs) that are associated with increased risks of invasive disease by weakly virulent mycobacteria. We report a novel heterozygous missense mutation in exon 23 of the STAT1 gene (NM_007315.

Osteoclast visualization: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity staining using NewFuchsin compatible with non-aqueous mounting and tissue clearing.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining is widely used to stain osteoclasts in histological bone sections. The red dye formed by the conventional TRAP enzymatic reaction using naphthol AS-MX (or AS-BI) phosphate and fast red-violet (or garnet) chromogens is readily soluble in alcohol or xylene and requires air-drying prior to cover slipping or the use of an aqueous mounting medium. However, the use of an aqueous mounting medium makes it difficult to store stained specimens for a long time.

High spatial resolution gene expression profiling and characterization of neuroblasts migrating in the peri-injured cortex using photo-isolation chemistry.

In the ventricular-subventricular-zone (V-SVZ) of the postnatal mammalian brain, immature neurons (neuroblasts) are generated from neural stem cells throughout their lifetime. These V-SVZ-derived neuroblasts normally migrate to the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream, differentiate into interneurons, and are integrated into the preexisting olfactory circuit. When the brain is injured, some neuroblasts initiate migration toward the lesion and attempt to repair the damaged neuronal circuitry, but their low regeneration efficiency prevents functional recovery.

Efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for improving sleep problems in patients with achalasia.

Objectives: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder of unknown etiology. However, no studies have determined the populations in which sleep problems occur and whether they are improved by peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). We investigated the rate of sleep problems assessed by GERD-Q (AGQ) in achalasia patients, evaluated whether POEM improves these issues, and identified factors associated with sleep improvement after POEM.

Mechanism of Acute Kidney Injury in Mild to Moderate Heat-related Illness.

Objectives: This study focuses on mild-to-moderate severity cases to examine the triggers initiating kidney injury.

Materials: Patients aged ≥18 years with suspected heat-related illnesses at the Juntendo University Hospital Emergency and Primary Care Center between July and September 2020 and June and August 2022 were included.

Methods: Blood samples were obtained during their visit, and the patients were categorized into two groups based on their cystatin-based estimated GFR (eGFRcys) values: a kidney injury group (eGFRcys < 60 mL/min/1.

Functional Recovery and Clinical Outcome After Internal Fixation Using Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee.

Background: Functional recovery and return to sports after fixation of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee with osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) have not been well investigated.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the functional recovery and clinical outcomes after internal fixation with OAT for knee OCD.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Psychosocial factors influencing dietary management in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy adults: an ecological momentary assessment approach.

Background: Dietary management in diabetic patients is affected by psychosocial factors and the social-environmental context. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) allows patients to consistently report their experiences in real-time over a certain period and across different contexts. Despite the importance of dietary management, only a few EMA studies have been conducted on dietary management and psychosocial factors in patients with type 2 diabetes; further evidence must be gathered.