Clinical implications of cerebral microbleeds in patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Background: The prognostic implications of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients who undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between the presence of CMBs and adverse outcomes post-TAVR.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we included 124 patients who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging before TAVR.

Significance of administering postoperative pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy for fat digestion and absorption functions in patients who underwent initial total pancreatectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of postoperative pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy on fat digestion and absorption in patients following initial total pancreatectomy.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent initial total pancreatectomy at our department between 2012 and 2020. Fat digestion, absorption functions, serum nutritional markers, HbA1c levels, and hepatic steatosis before and after the initial total pancreatectomy were evaluated.

Textbook outcome in liver surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: defining predictors of an optimal postoperative course using machine learning.

Background: We sought to define textbook outcome in liver surgery (TOLS) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) by considering the implications of perioperative outcomes on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Using a multi-institutional database, TOLS for ICC was defined by employing novel machine learning (ML) models to identify perioperative factors most strongly predictive of OS ≥ 12 months. Subsequently, clinicopathologic factors associated with achieving TOLS were investigated.

Efficacy of Quantra-Qplus System for Rapid Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypofibrinogenemia and Thrombocytopenia After Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Objectives: To assess whether the Quantra-Qplus can provide the cutoff values for predicting transfusion thresholds after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Single-center university hospital.

Impact of surgical volume on outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors: A Japanese nationwide database analysis.

Objective: To analyze the recent status of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors, focusing on the relationship between the number of surgeries and complication rates per facility.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, covering surgeries performed between April 2012 and March 2020. The inclusion criteria were laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors.

Racial disparity in preoperative C-reactive protein level for predicting prognosis of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: INMARC study.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, there may be potential racial heterogeneity in distribution and prognostic impact of CRP level. We investigated potential racial differences in distribution and prognostic impact of preoperative CRP among Asian (AS), African American (AA), and Caucasian (CAUC) patients with non-metastatic ccRCC (nmccRCC).

Impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients without type-2 diabetes.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) reportedly decreased the new-onset atrial arrhythmias in patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM) or heart failure (HF). This study examined the impact of SGLT2is on catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) in HF patients without T2DM.

Methods: Persistent AF (PeAF) and HF (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP ≥400 pg/ml) patients without T2DM undergoing catheter ablation were prospectively enrolled (n = 102).

Implications of an Off-Hours Setting in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: - Little is known about mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) performed outside of usual working hours. We aimed to explore the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of mitral TEER initiated off-hours, i.e.

Decorin-mediated dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes regulate hair follicle growth and development through miR-129-2-3p/SMAD3/TGF-β axis.

Decorin (DCN) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family within the extracellular matrix, playing a role in the growth and development of hair follicle (HF). Exosomes serve as significant mediators of intercellular communication and are involved in the cyclic regeneration of HF. Exosomes derived from dermal papilla cells (DPC-Exos) are essential for the cycling and regrowth of HF.

Butterfly pupal wing tissue with an eyespot organizer.

Butterfly wing eyespots are developmentally determined at the early pupal stage, when prospective eyespot focal cells underneath the pupal cuticle focal spot function as eyespot organizers in the pupal wing tissue. Here, we performed light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to describe cellular structures of pupal wing tissue with an eyespot organizer immediately after pupation using the Blue Pansy butterfly Junonia orithya. The pupal forewing dorsal epidermis was a pseudostratified monolayer of vertically elongated epidermal cells.

Donor Type Does Not Impact Late Graft Failure Following Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Based Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis.

Background: Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is a commonly used graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, particularly in the setting of haploidentical (haplo) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The rate of graft failure has been reported to be as high as 12-20% in haplo-HCT recipients using PTCy. The objective of this study was to determine if donor type influenced the risk of late graft failure following RIC HCT using PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis.

Mice born to mothers fed a diet high in omega-6 fatty acids and low in omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy exhibit various behavioral changes including impaired social behaviors and enhanced recognition memory.

Background: Modern dietary trends have led to an increase in foods that are relatively high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in n-3 PUFAs. We previously reported that the offspring of mother mice that consumed a diet high in n-6 linoleic acid (LA) and low in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), hereinafter called the LA/ALA diet, exhibit behavioral abnormalities related to anxiety and feeding.

Objective: We currently lack a comprehensive overview of the behavioral abnormalities in these offspring, which was investigated in this study.

Number of subfields of the rat dorsal subiculum defined by the NOS and PCP4 immunoreactivities changes according to the different levels of observation.

The subiculum is a main output part of the hippocampal formation and important for learning and memory. According to connection studies, the distal and proximal regions of the subiculum project to the brain regions related to the spatial and emotional memories, respectively. Our previous morphological studies indicated that the ventral subiculum (vSub) consists of two regions, the distal subiculum (Sub1) and the proximal subiculum (Sub2), while the dorsal subiculum (dSub) seemed to comprise only one region (Sub1).

Single-nucleus transcriptome profiling provides insights into the pathophysiology of adhesive arachnoiditis.

Adhesive arachnoiditis (AA) is a rare form of chronic degenerative pathology associated with persistent inflammation in the arachnoid matter of the spinal cord. Despite the existing knowledge, the detailed pathological mechanisms underlying AA are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate through comprehensive single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to delineate the transcriptomic landscape of AA.

Combined molecular subclass and immune phenotype correlate to atezolizumab plus radiation therapy response in invasive bladder cancer: BPT-ART Phase II study.

Purpose: Bladder preservation therapy in combination with atezolizumab and radiation therapy (BPT-ART) trial, which was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase II study, showed a promisingly high interim clinical complete response (cCR) rate of 84.4% (38/45). In the present study, we aimed to identify potential tissue biomarkers for achieving cCR via BPT-ART.

Identifying the appropriate measurement environment for laser speckle flowmetry of cerebral blood flow in rats.

Laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) is a noninvasive tool for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement via a cranial bone window. LSF is influenced by various factors including the extent of removal of bone and dura mater and tissue wetness in the bone window. In this study, we aimed to characterize the effect of these conditions on LSF signals and identify optimal measurement conditions for CBF LSF measurements in rats.

A non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase mitigates adenosine triphosphate degradation under hypoxic conditions in mouse brain.

The brain is an organ that consumes a substantial amount of oxygen, and a reduction in oxygen concentration can rapidly lead to significant and irreversible brain injury. The progression of brain injury during hypoxia involves the depletion of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) due to decreased oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Allopurinol is a purine analog inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase that protects against hypoxic/ischemic brain injury; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear.

Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib in Patients With EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) After Progression on Osimertinib and Platinum-based Chemotherapy: Results From CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A.

Introduction: Treatment options for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with disease progression on/after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy are limited.

Methods: CHRYSALIS-2 Cohort A evaluated amivantamab+lazertinib in patients with EGFR exon 19 deletion- or L858R-mutated NSCLC with disease progression on/after osimertinib and platinum-based chemotherapy. Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR).

A Prospective Phase II Trial of First-line Osimertinib for Patients with EGFR Mutation-positive Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Poor Performance Status (OPEN/TORG2040).

Introduction: Osimertinib is the first-line treatment for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have EGFR mutations and favorable performance status (PS). Despite increasing clinical data on osimertinib, evidence in patients with an impaired PS remains limited. Therefore, a multicenter phase II trial (OPEN/TORG2040) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line osimertinib for patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC and poor PS.

Proinflammatory cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is regulated by multiple intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease that involves periarthritis of the TMJ and destruction of cartilage tissue in the mandibular condyle. However, the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) remains inconclusive. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression of MMPs.

Mapping the Research Landscape on temporomandibular disorders and orthodontics treatment: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orthodontic treatment are significant areas within dental and maxillofacial research. However, comprehensive bibliometric analyses highlighting global trends and collaboration networks are lacking.

Objective(s): This study aims to systematically map the publication landscape, identify prevailing research trends, highlight influential authors and institutions, and illuminate emerging topics in TMD and orthodontic research.

The symbiont Wolbachia increases resistance to bifenthrin in Ectropis grisescens by regulating the host detoxification function.

The global issue of insecticide resistance among pests is a major concern. Ectropis grisescens Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is a highly destructive leaf-eating pest distributed in tea plantations throughout China and Japan, and has exhibited resistance to various insecticides. Recent studies suggest that insect symbionts play a role in influencing insecticide resistance, however, their specific involvement in E.

Son of a beach: Coastal development and the loss of natural beaches over time (1919 to 2018) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan.

The coastline of Okinawa Island, Japan, has been affected by human-made alterations for decades, often from land reclamation and coastal defense construction. Here, we use an Imperial Japanese Army map made between 1919 and 1921 to describe the composition of the Okinawan coastline approximately 100 years ago, and by overlapping this old map with a modern-day map of Okinawa (2018), we identified 131 sites where coastlines showed clear human-made alterations. For these sites, we examined what kinds of ecosystems were lost and what has replaced them.