Nursing Practices for Preventing Delirium in Patients with Cancer with Prognoses of Months and Weeks: A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study in Japan.

Background: Delirium is a condition characterized by an acute and transient disturbance in attention, cognition, and consciousness. It is increasingly prevalent at the end of life in patients with cancer. While non-pharmacological nursing interventions are essential for delirium prevention, their effectiveness in terminally ill patients with cancer remains unclear.

Kolmogorov-Hinze Scales in Turbulent Superfluids.

When a two-component mixture of immiscible fluids is stirred, the fluids are split into smaller domains with more vigorous stirring. We numerically investigate the sizes of such domains in a fully developed turbulent state of a two-component superfluid stirred with energy input rate ε. For the strongly immiscible condition, the typical domain size is shown to be proportional to ε^{-2/5}, as predicted by the Kolmogorov-Hinze theory in classical fluids.

Black Box Work Extraction and Composite Hypothesis Testing.

Work extraction is one of the most central processes in quantum thermodynamics. However, the prior analysis of optimal extractable work has been restricted to a limited operational scenario where complete information about the initial state is given. Here, we introduce a general framework of black box work extraction, which addresses the inaccessibility of information on the initial state.

Exponentially Enhanced Scheme for the Heralded Qudit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger State in Linear Optics.

High-dimensional multipartite entanglement plays a crucial role in quantum information science. However, existing schemes for generating such entanglement become complex and costly as the dimension of quantum units increases. In this Letter, we overcome the limitation by proposing a significantly enhanced linear optical heralded scheme that generates the d-level N-partite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state with single-photon sources and linear operations.

Inter- and Intrasublattice Spin Mixing Conductance of the Antiferromagnetic Spin Pumping Effect in α-Fe_{2}O_{3}/Pt.

The spin pumping effect in antiferromagnets, which ultimately converts THz waves into a spin current, is the key physical mechanism leading to an essential function which harnesses the THz technology and spintronics. Here, we report thorough experimental investigations of the spin current induced by the antiferromagnetic spin pumping effect in epitaxial α-Fe_{2}O_{3} thin films having two distinct dynamic modes and unambiguously show that both the inter- and intrasublattice spin mixing conductance are equally substantial. Our experimental insight is an important advance for understanding the physics of transduction between the spin current and the staggered magnetization dynamics at THz frequency.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Minimum Scaling Model and Exact Exponents for the Nambu-Goldstone Modes in the Vicsek Model.

We investigate the scaling behavior of Nambu-Goldstone modes in the ordered phase of the Vicsek model, introducing a phenomenological equation of motion incorporating a previously overlooked nonlinear term. This term arises from the interaction between velocity fields and density fluctuations, leading to new scaling behaviors. We derive exact scaling exponents in two dimensions, which reproduce the isotropic scaling behavior reported in a prior numerical simulation.

Effects of long-term steroid therapy on the results of dental age estimation using pulp/tooth ratio.

Forensic age estimation is performed by assessing pulp chamber constrictions due to physiological age-related changes in dental radiographs; however, the estimated ages occasionally deviate from the actual ages. In particular, long-term steroid users tend to demonstrate pulp chamber constrictions in all teeth. Because this is uncommon among younger age groups, caution should be exercised when evaluating pulp chamber constriction.

Characteristics of split-step skills of the world's top athletes in badminton.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure the split-step skills of the world's top badminton players to clarify the characteristics underlying these skills when moving into the forehand position in the rear court.

Methods: We analyzed the four best ranking players (1st to 4th) in the men's singles competition at the World Badminton Federation (BWF) World Championships 2023, a world tournament whose match videos are available online. Analysis 1 was conducted to determine the location of the players' feet on the court when performing a split-step while moving to the forehand rear court, as well as the width of the stance and the reaction time from that stance to taking the first step.

Imaging interlayer exciton superfluidity in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure.

Excitons, which are Coulomb bound electron-hole pairs, are composite bosons and thus at low temperature can form a superfluid state with a single well-defined amplitude and phase. We directly image this macroscopic exciton superfluid state in an hBN-separated MoSe-WSe heterostructure. At high density, we identify quasi-long-range order over the entire active area of our sample, through spatially resolved coherence measurements.

A Series of AnO Complexes (An = U, Np, Pu) with NO-Donating Schiff-Base Ligands: Systematic Trends in the Molecular Structures and Redox Behavior.

In their + V and + VI oxidation states, actinide elements (U, Np, and Pu) are commonly encountered in characteristic linear dioxo structures, known as actinyl ions (AnO; An = U, Np, Pu, = 1, 2). A systematic understanding of the structural and redox behavior of AnO/AnO complexes is expected to provide valuable information for controlling the behavior of An elements in natural environments and in nuclear fuel cycles while enabling the development of spintronics and new reactivities that utilize the anisotropic spin of the 5f electrons. However, systematic trends in the behavior of AnO/AnO complexes remain poorly understood.

Defective removal of invariant chain peptides from MHC class II suppresses tumor antigen presentation and promotes tumor growth.

Tumor-draining lymph node dendritic cells (DCs) are poor stimulators of tumor antigen-specific CD4 T cells; however, the mechanism behind this defect is unclear. We now show that, in tumor-draining lymph node DCs, a large proportion of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules retains the class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) fragment of the invariant chain bound to the MHC-II peptide binding groove due to reduced expression of the peptide editor H2-M and enhanced activity of the CLIP-generating proteinase cathepsin S. The net effect of this is that MHC-II molecules are unable to efficiently bind antigenic peptides.

Contrasting Responses of Smoke Dispersion and Fire Emissions to Aerosol-Radiation Interaction during the Largest Australian Wildfires in 2019-2020.

The record-breaking 2019-2020 Australian wildfires have been primarily linked to climate change and its internal variability. However, the meteorological feedback mechanisms affecting smoke dispersion and wildfire emissions on a synoptic scale remain unclear. This study focused on the largest wildfires occurring between December 25, 2019 and January 10, 2020, under the enhanced subtropical high, when the double peak in wildfire evolution was favored by sustained low humidity and two synchronous increases in temperature and wind.

Nicotine enhances the stemness and tumorigenicity in intestinal stem cells via Hippo-YAP/TAZ and Notch signal pathway.

Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor inducing the development and progression of various diseases. Nicotine (NIC) is the major constituent of cigarette smoke. However, knowledge of the mechanism underlying the NIC-regulated stem cell functions is limited.

Aging in a weighted ensemble of excitable and self-oscillatory neurons: The role of pairwise and higher-order interactions.

We investigate the aging transition in networks of excitable and self-oscillatory units as the fraction of inherently excitable units increases. Two network topologies are considered: a scale-free network with weighted pairwise interactions and a two-dimensional simplicial complex with weighted scale-free pairwise and triadic interactions. Without triadic interactions, the aging transition from collective oscillations to oscillation death (inhomogeneous stationary states) can occur either suddenly or through an intermediate state of partial oscillation.

Directed recurrence networks for the analysis of nonlinear and complex dynamical systems.

Complex network approaches have been emerging as an analysis tool for dynamical systems. Different reconstruction methods from time series have been shown to reveal complicated behaviors that can be quantified from the network's topology. Directed recurrence networks have recently been suggested as one such method, complementing the already successful recurrence networks and expanding the applications of recurrence analysis.

Metastability of multi-population Kuramoto-Sakaguchi oscillators.

An Ott-Antonsen reduced M-population of Kuramoto-Sakaguchi oscillators is investigated, focusing on the influence of the phase-lag parameter α on the collective dynamics. For oscillator populations coupled on a ring, we obtained a wide variety of spatiotemporal patterns, including coherent states, traveling waves, partially synchronized states, modulated states, and incoherent states. Back-and-forth transitions between these states are found, which suggest metastability.

Structure-Function Analysis of CYP105A1 in the Metabolism of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.

CYP105A1 exhibits monooxygenase activity to a wide variety of structurally different substrates with regio- and stereospecificity, making its application range broad. Our previous studies have shown that CYP105A1 wild type and its variants metabolize 12 types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In particular, the R84A variant exhibited a high activity against many NSAIDs.

Dihydrolevoglucosenone (CyreneTM) as a Bio-derived Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier.

Organic hydrides can store hydrogen via chemical bonding under ambient conditions, enabling the safe storage and transportation of hydrogen gas using the same infrastructure for gasoline. However, in previous research, most organic hydrides have been produced from petroleum, and therefore replacing them with earth-abundant or renewable compounds is essential to ensure sustainability. This study demonstrates dihydrolevoglucosenone (CyreneTM), which is a biodegradable liquid ketone that is produced directly from biomass without pretreatments on an industrial scale, as a new renewable organic hydride.

Inactivation Effects of Hypochlorous Acid, Chlorine Dioxide, and Ozone on Airborne SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus are primarily transmitted through droplets or aerosols from patients. The inactivation effects of existing virus control techniques may vary depending on the environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to establish a suitable evaluation system for assessing virus control techniques against airborne viruses for further real-world implementation.

Identifying non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy in the non-left bundle branch block.

Background: Non-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an important issue in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and non-left bundle branch block (LBBB). Electrocardiogram-gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography imaging (G-MPI SPECT) is typically used to assess left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. This study aimed to determine whether G-MPI parameters are associated with non-responsiveness to CRT.