Targeted insertion of heterogenous DNA using Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein-mediated gene editing in .

Gene editing is emerging as a powerful tool for introducing novel functionalities in mushrooms. While CRISPR/Cas9-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) typically rely on non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) for gene disruption, precise insertion of heterologous DNA in mushrooms is less explored. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of inserting donor DNAs (8-1008 bp) with or without homologous arms at Cas9-gRNA RNP-induced DSBs.

Exact Quantization of Topological Order Parameter in SU(N) Spin Models, N-ality Transformation and Ingappabilities.

We show that the ground-state expectation value of twisting operator is a topological order parameter for U(1)- and Z_{N}-symmetric symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases in one-dimensional "spin" systems-it is quantized in the thermodynamic limit and can be used to identify different SPT phases and to diagnose phase transitions among them. We prove that this (nonlocal) order parameter must take values in Nth roots of unity, and its value can be changed by a generalized lattice translation acting as an N-ality transformation connecting distinct phases. This result also implies the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) ingappability for SU(N) spins if we further impose a general translation symmetry.

Machine-Learning Modeling of Elemental Ferroelectric Bismuth Monolayer.

The bismuth monolayer has recently been experimentally identified as a novel platform for the investigation of two-dimensional single-element ferroelectric system. Here, we model the potential energy surface of a bismuth monolayer by employing a message-passing neural network and achieve an error smaller than 1.2 meV per atom.

Non-Hermitian Topology in Hermitian Topological Matter.

Non-Hermiticity gives rise to distinctive topological phenomena absent in Hermitian systems. However, connection between such intrinsic non-Hermitian topology and Hermitian topology has remained largely elusive. Here, considering the bulk and boundary as an environment and system, respectively, we demonstrate that anomalous boundary states in Hermitian topological insulators exhibit non-Hermitian topology.

Integer Topological Defects Reveal Antisymmetric Forces in Active Nematics.

Cell layers are often categorized as contractile or extensile active, nematics but recent experiments on neural progenitor cells with induced +1 topological defects challenge this classification. In a bottom-up approach, we first study a relevant particle-level model and then analyze a continuum theory derived from it. We show that both model and theory account qualitatively for the main experimental result, i.

Exotic Synchronization in Continuous Time Crystals Outside the Symmetric Subspace.

Exploring continuous time crystals (CTCs) within the symmetric subspace of spin systems has been a subject of intensive research in recent times. Thus far, the stability of the time-crystal phase outside the symmetric subspace in such spin systems has gone largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the effect of including the asymmetric subspaces on the dynamics of CTCs in a driven dissipative spin model.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

A comparative analysis of risk stratification tools in systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: a EUSTAR analysis.

Objectives: The 2022 European Society of Cardiology and European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) Guidelines for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) recommend risk stratification to optimize management. However, the performance of generic PAH risk stratification tools in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated PAH remains unclear. Our objective was to identify the most accurate approach for risk stratification at SSc-PAH diagnosis.

Postoperative symptom changes following uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroid based on FIGO classification.

Background: Classifying uterine fibroid using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification system assists treatment decision-making and planning. This study aimed to study whether different fibroid locations influence clinical outcomes following uterine artery embolization (UAE).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent UAE for symptomatic uterine fibroid between December 2016 and January 2023 at our hospital.

Stair-descent phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults determined using high-level balance tasks.

Background: Falls on stairs are a major cause of severe injuries among older adults, with stair descent posing significantly greater risks than ascent. Variations in stair descent phenotypes may reflect differences in physical function and biomechanical stability, and their identification may prevent falls.

Aims: This study aims to classify stair descent phenotypes in older adults and investigate the biomechanical and physical functional differences between these phenotypes using hierarchical cluster analysis.

Management of nausea and vomiting induced by antibody-drug conjugates.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of anticancer therapy that combines the specificity and long circulation half-life of monoclonal antibodies with the cytotoxic potency of the payload connected through a chemical linker. The optimal management of toxicities is crucial for improving quality of life in patients undergoing ADCs and for avoiding improper dose reductions or discontinuations. This article focuses on the characteristics and management of nausea and vomiting (NV) induced by three ADCs: trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), sacituzumab govitecan (SG), and datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd).

Establishment of a human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line by constitutive expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1 and telomerase reverse transcriptase.

Only a few human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell lines are currently available, partly due to the difficulty of establishing cell lines from low-grade cancers. Here, using a cell immortalization strategy consisting of i) inactivation of the p16-pRb pathway by constitutive expression of mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (R24C) (CDK4) and cyclin D1, and ii) acquisition of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity, we established a human ovarian endometrioid carcinoma cell line from a 46-year-old Japanese woman. That line, designated JFE-21, has proliferated continuously for over 6 months with a doubling time of ~ 55 h.

Baricitinib Provides Significant Improvements in Quality of Life and Functioning in Adults with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis with Baseline Body Surface Area ≤ 40% and Severe Itch.

Introduction: Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), a body surface area (BSA) of ≤ 40%, and an itch numerical rating scale (NRS) score of ≥ 7 ("BARI itch dominant") have been characterized as an important group to consider for the oral janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor baricitinib (BARI). Herein we aim to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and functioning outcomes in adult patients with BSA ≤ 40% and itch NRS ≥ 7 at baseline (BL) who received BARI 4 mg in the topical corticosteroid (TCS) combination trial BREEZE-AD7.

Materials: BREEZE-AD7 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group outpatient study involving adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD who received once-daily placebo or 2-mg or 4-mg BARI in combination with TCS for 16 weeks.

Isolation and structure determination of a new antibacterial lanthipeptide derived from the marine derived bacterium Lysinibacillus sp.CTST325.

Marine resources are attractive for screening new useful bacteria. From a marine sediment sample, we performed isolation and screening of bacterial strains in search of new bioactive compounds. HPLC and ESI-MS analysis indicated that the new bacterium, Lysinibacillus sp.

Characterization of the host specificity of the SH3 cell wall binding domain of the staphylococcal phage 88 endolysin.

Bacteriophages produce endolysins at the end of the lytic cycle, which are crucial for lysing the host cells and releasing virion progeny. This lytic feature allows endolysins to act as effective antimicrobial alternatives when applied exogenously. Staphylococcal endolysins typically possess a modular structure with one or two enzymatically active N-terminal domains (EADs) and a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (CBD).

Spontaneous adsorption of iridium chloride complex on oxychloride photocatalysts provides efficient and durable reaction site for water oxidation.

The visible-light-driven O evolution on oxychloride photocatalysts, such as BiNbOCl, was significantly enhanced by stirring in an aqueous solution containing IrCl in the dark. Various characterizations indicated that highly dispersed IrOHCl-like species spontaneously formed on the oxychloride surface, serving as effective and stable cocatalysts for enhancing O evolution.

Changes in food preferences after oral semaglutide administration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: KAMOGAWA-DM cohort.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral semaglutide on the changes in food preference of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 75 patients with type 2 diabetes who received oral semaglutide. The primary outcome was the change in the score of brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) score 3 months after the initiation of oral semaglutide treatment.

Partners' Perspectives on the Impact of Cancer on Romantic Relationships and Marriage in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors.

This study aims to explore the impact of cancer on romantic relationships and marriage from the perspective of partners of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 partners, of any gender and cancer type, who entered into a relationship or decided to marry after the AYA's cancer diagnosis. Three key themes emerged regarding the impact of cancer on romantic relationships and marriage: no change or impact, positive impact, and anxiety.

Prolonged sitting is not associated with altered shear-mediated dilation of the internal carotid artery, despite impairing lower limb endothelial function.

The present study aims to examine the effect of 4 h of continuous sitting on cerebral endothelial function, which is a crucial component of cerebral blood flow regulation. We hypothesized that 4 h of sitting may impair cerebral endothelial function similarly to how it affects lower limb vasculature. Thirteen young, healthy participants were instructed to remain seated for 4 h without moving their lower limbs.

Aggregation suppression and enhanced blue emission of perylene in zinc-based coordination polymer glass.

Reducing aggregation caused quenching and enhancing stability is crucial in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes. Herein, we successfully fabricated blue-emitting coordination polymer glasses using perylene dye and a zinc-based coordination glass. The aggregation of perylene monomers in the solid state was significantly suppressed, and the hybrid glass demonstrated high stability and strong photoluminescent quantum yield (75.

EZH2 inhibition enhances the activity of Carboplatin in aggressive-variant prostate cancer cell lines.

Background: Aggressive Variant Prostate Cancers (AVPCs) are incurable malignancies. Platinum-based chemotherapies are used for the palliative treatment of AVPC. The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) promotes prostate cancer progression histone H3 Lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3).

Two NADPH-dependent 2-ketogluconate reductases involved in 2-ketogluconate assimilation in sp. strain CHM43.

Unlabelled: Incomplete oxidation of glucose by sp. strain CHM43 produces gluconic acid and then 2- or 5-ketogluconic acid. Although 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KG) is a valuable compound, it is sometimes consumed by itself via an unknown metabolic pathway.

Pathogen genomic surveillance and the AI revolution.

The unprecedented sequencing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic paved the way for genomic surveillance to become a powerful tool for monitoring the evolution of circulating viruses. Herein, we discuss how a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence approach called protein language models (pLMs) can be used for effectively analyzing pathogen genomic data. We highlight examples of pLMs applied to predicting viral properties and evolution and lay out a framework for integrating pLMs into genomic surveillance pipelines.