Dorsoventral comparison of intraspecific variation in the butterfly wing pattern using a convolutional neural network.

Butterfly wing patterns exhibit notable differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and morphological analyses of them have provided insights into the ecological and behavioural characteristics of wing patterns. Conventional methods for dorsoventral comparisons are constrained by the need for homologous patches or shared features between two surfaces, limiting their applicability across species. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based analysis, which can compare images of the two surfaces without focusing on homologous patches or features, to detect dorsoventral bias in two types of intraspecific variation: sexual dimorphism and mimetic polymorphism.

A first-in-human clinical study of an allogenic iPSC-derived corneal endothelial cell substitute transplantation for bullous keratopathy.

A first-in-human investigator-initiated clinical study of a corneal endothelial cell substitute (CLS001) derived from a clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line shows improvement of visual acuity and corneal stromal edema, with no adverse events for up to 1 year after surgery for the treatment of bullous keratopathy. While preclinical tests, including multiple whole-genome analysis and tumorigenicity tests adhering to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidelines, are negative, an additional whole-genome analysis conducted on transplanted CLS001 cells reveals a de novo in-frame deletion of exon22 in the EP300 gene. No adverse events related to the mutation are observed.

Effect of fezolinetant on patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes: Data from a phase 3b study (DAYLIGHT) of the treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in women considered unsuitable for hormone therapy.

Objective: To report patient-reported quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in the DAYLIGHT study.

Study Design: DAYLIGHT was a phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, 24-week, placebo-controlled study. Participants were women aged ≥40 to ≤65 years with moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) considered unsuitable for hormone therapy (HT) (contraindications, caution, stoppers, or averse) randomized 1:1 to placebo or fezolinetant 45 mg once daily.

Healthcare burden of narcolepsy in Japan: A retrospective analysis of health insurance claims from the Japan Medical Data Center.

Background: Narcolepsy is a chronic disorder that requires lifelong management; however, few studies have evaluated disease burden of narcolepsy. We estimated the healthcare burden of narcolepsy in Japan using data from the Japan Medical Data Center health insurance claims database.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of clinical burden, healthcare resource utilization, and costs among incident narcolepsy cases and matched controls identified between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019.

Association between skin sympathetic nerve activity and electrocardiogram alterations after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

While autonomic dysregulation and repolarization abnormalities are observed in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), their relationship remains unclear. We aimed to measure skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA), a novel method to estimate stellate ganglion nerve activity, and investigate its association with electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations after SAH. We recorded a total of 179 SKNA data from SAH patients at three distinct phases and compared them with 20 data from controls.

Kinetics of reformation of the S state capable of progressing to the S state after the O release by photosystem II.

The active site for water oxidation in photosystem II (PSII) comprises a MnCaO cluster adjacent to a redox-active tyrosine residue (Tyr). During the water-splitting process, the enzyme transitions through five sequential oxidation states (S to S), with O evolution occurring during the STyr· to STyr transition. Chloride also plays a role in this mechanism.

Local structure of amorphous sulfur in carbon-sulfur composites for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries.

All-solid-state (ASS) batteries are a promising solution to achieve carbon neutrality. ASS lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries stand out due to their improved safety, achieved by replacing organic solvents, which are prone to leakage and fire, with solid electrolytes. In addition, these batteries offer the benefits of higher capacity and the absence of rare metals.

Optimizing the NGS-based discrimination of multiple lung cancers from the perspective of evolution.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a promising approach for differentiating multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) from intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM), though panel selection and clonal interpretation remain challenging. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 80 lung cancer samples were utilized to simulate MPLC and IPM, with various sequenced panels constructed through gene subsampling. Two clonal interpretation approaches primarily applied in clinical practice, MoleA (based on shared mutation comparison) and MoleB (based on probability calculation), were subsequently evaluated.

Dynamic switching between brain networks predicts creative ability.

Creativity is hypothesized to arise from a mental state which balances spontaneous thought and cognitive control, corresponding to functional connectivity between the brain's Default Mode (DMN) and Executive Control (ECN) Networks. Here, we conduct a large-scale, multi-center examination of this hypothesis. Employing a meta-analytic network neuroscience approach, we analyze resting-state fMRI and creative task performance across 10 independent samples from Austria, Canada, China, Japan, and the United States (N = 2433)-constituting the largest and most ethnically diverse creativity neuroscience study to date.

Quantifying crowding perception at large events using beacons and surveys.

Given the increasing urban population and frenetic mobility, understanding how individuals perceive crowding at large-scale events is crucial for effective crowd management and safety. This study focuses on Tokyo Big Sight in Japan exhibitions to examine participants' perceptions of peak crowding times, locations, and local density, and compare them with the actual measurements. Our methodology integrated questionnaires with beacon tag data.

A multi-modal neuroimaging data release for Meige Syndrome and Facial Paralysis Research.

The sharing of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is of utmost importance in the field, as it enables a deeper understanding of facial nerve-related pathologies. However, there is a significant lack of multi-modal neuroimaging databases specifically focused on these conditions, which hampers our comprehensive knowledge of the neural foundations of facial paralysis. To address this critical gap and propel advancements in this area, we have released the Multimodal Neuroimaging Dataset of Meige Syndrome, Facial Paralysis, and Healthy Controls (MND-MFHC).

Detection of ultrafast electron energization by whistler-mode chorus waves in the magnetosphere of Earth.

Electromagnetic whistler-mode chorus waves are a key driver of variations in energetic electron fluxes in the Earth's magnetosphere through the wave-particle interaction. Traditionally understood as a diffusive process, these interactions account for long-term electron flux variations (> several minutes). However, theories suggest that chorus waves can also cause rapid (< 1 s) electron acceleration and significant flux variations within less than a second through a nonlinear wave-particle interaction.

Regular Smoking Accelerates the Decline in Masticatory Performance in Japanese Men: The Suita Study.

Background: Smoking is presumed to cause a decline in masticatory performance by worsening the intraoral environment in various ways. However, no longitudinal study has examined the relationship between smoking and masticatory performance.

Objectives: To clarify how smoking affects future decline in masticatory performance through a 5-year follow-up study of a general urban population.

Photoinduced Azidoamination of Styrenes Using Sodium Azide and (Diphenylmethylene)amino Benziodoxolone.

Herein, we report the radical azidoamination of styrenes via the use of a combination of sodium azide and (diphenylmethylene)amino benziodoxolone under visible-light irradiation. This approach to unsymmetrical diamination provides a simple and practical method for constructing vicinal diamine scaffolds with two distinct and easily modifiable amino functionalities.

The trochlea for the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle: a review.

This review explores the novel perspective that the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle may function as an anatomical trochlear pulley system within the human body, challenging the traditional understanding of trochlear systems. While widely recognized trochlear units include structures like the medial part of the humerus and the superior oblique muscle of the orbit, the review focuses on the unique anatomical arrangement of the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle in connection with the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles. Despite current debates within the anatomical community about labeling the digastric muscles as having a trochlea, this paper delves into the scientific definition of a trochlear pulley system, presenting the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle as a potential trochlea.

Association between acetabular coverage over femoral head and rate of joint space narrowing in non-arthritic hips.

Aims: This study was performed to investigate the association between the acetabular morphology and the joint space narrowing rate (JSNR) in the non-arthritic hip.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed standing whole-leg radiographs of patients who underwent knee arthroplasty from February 2012 to March 2020 at our institute. Patients with a history of hip surgery, Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥ II hip osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis were excluded.

Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, DICER1-mutated, showing histologically unique neuronal differentiation after chemoradiotherapy.

Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs) are rare and highly aggressive embryonal central nervous system tumors that predominantly affect infants younger than 3 years old. These tumors typically have a C19MC alteration (ETMR, C19MC-altered) or, more rarely, a DICER1 mutation (ETMR, DICER1-mutated). Post-chemotherapeutic or post-chemoradiotherapeutic histological changes of C19MC-altered ETMRs, such as maturation or loss of histological characteristics of ETMR have been described in several reports.