Characteristics and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest among students under school supervision in Japan: a descriptive epidemiological study (2008-2021).

Background: A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring under school supervision is lacking. We aimed to comprehensively describe the characteristics and outcomes of OHCA among students in elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, and technical colleges in Japan.

Methods: OHCA data from 2008-2021 were obtained from the SPIRITS study, which provides a nationwide database of OHCAs occurring under school supervision across Japan.

Comparison of Oncology Drug Lag in Japan and South Korea Based on the Interval between the U.S. Approval and the Local Approval.

Drug lag is a serious issue for patients with life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Japan and Korea have been facing a large drug lag, despite having a large market and a good clinical trial environment. We analyzed drug lags for anticancer drugs between these countries, using the information on 82 anticancer drugs approved in the United States between 2017 and 2022.

Chemical biology research in RIKEN NPDepo aimed at agricultural applications.

This review outlines research on chemical biology using mainly microbial metabolites for agricultural applications. We established the RIKEN Natural Products Depository (NPDepo), housing many microbial metabolites, to support academic researchers who focus on drug discovery. We studied methods to stimulate secondary metabolism in microorganisms to collect various microbial products.

Genome-wide changes of protein translation levels for cell and organelle proliferation in a simple unicellular alga.

Cell proliferation is a fundamental characteristic of organisms, driven by the holistic functions of multiple proteins encoded in the genome. However, the individual contributions of thousands of genes and the millions of protein molecules they express to cell proliferation are still not fully understood, even in simple eukaryotes. Here, we present a genome-wide translation map of cells during proliferation in the unicellular alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, based on the sequencing of ribosome-protected messenger RNA fragments.

Mechanisms of autophagosome formation.

The formation of autophagosomes is a pivotal step in autophagy, a lysosomal degradation system that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. After autophagy induction, phase separation of the autophagy-related (Atg) 1 complex occurs, facilitating the gathering of Atg proteins and organizes the autophagosome formation site, where the initial isolation membrane (IM)/phagophore is generated. The IM then expands after receiving phospholipids from endomembranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum.

First English article of Yagi-Uda antenna.

Herein, the first English article demonstrating the Yagi-Uda antenna is introduced. The article was originally published in the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan in 1926.

High-Resolution TG-TOFMS Coupled with Principal Component Analysis and Kendrick Mass Defect Analysis: Elucidation of Molecular-Scale Degradation Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene during Thermo-Oxidative Degradation.

This study presents a novel approach that combines thermogravimetric analysis with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TG-TOFMS), principal component analysis (PCA), and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis─referred to as TG-PCA-KMD─to investigate molecular-scale structural changes and quantitatively assess the progression of thermo-oxidative degradation in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP). TG-TOFMS enables the simultaneous and sensitive detection of both structural changes due to thermo-oxidative degradation and compositional changes in the filler and matrix. PCA and KMD analysis are crucial for identifying specific ion series derived from the degraded PP matrix in the high-resolution mass spectra obtained through TG-TOFMS.

Therapeutic effects of intracerebral transplantation of human modified bone marrow-derived stromal cells (SB623) with voluntary and forced exercise in a rat model of ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke results in significant long-term disability and mortality worldwide. Although existing therapies, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy, have shown promise, their application is limited by stringent conditions. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, especially using SB623 cells (modified human bone marrow-derived MSCs), has emerged as a promising alternative, promoting neurogenesis and recovery.

Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.

Development of Treatment Strategies for Advanced HER2-positive Gastric Cancer: Insights from Clinical Trials.

HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), a unique molecular subtype, has garnered significant interest in recent years. Here, we review clinical trial data on advanced HER2-positive GC from the past 15 years. Trastuzumab plus standard chemotherapy remain the first-line treatment.

Zero-echo time imaging achieves whole brain activity mapping without ventral signal loss in mice.

Functional MRI (fMRI) is an important tool for investigating functional networks. However, the widely used fMRI with T2*-weighted imaging in rodents has the problem of signal lack in the lateral ventral area of forebrain including the amygdala, which is essential for not only emotion but also noxious pain. Here, we scouted the zero-echo time (ZTE) sequence, which is robust to magnetic susceptibility and motion-derived artifacts, to image activation in the whole brain including the amygdala following the noxious stimulation to the hind paw.

Histochemical analysis of osteoclast and osteoblast distributions on hydroxyapatite/collagen bone-like nanocomposite embedded in rat tibiae.

Objectives: Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/collagen (Col) cylinders with laminated collagen layers were implanted into the tibial diaphysis of rats and examined histochemically to clarify how the orientation of HAp and Col bone-like nanocomposite fibers in HAp/Col blocks affects bone resorption and formation.

Methods: HAp/Col fibers were synthesized and compressed into cylindrical blocks to mimic bone nanostructures. These were implanted into the cortical bone cavities of 10-week-old male Wistar rats with fiber bundles parallel to the tibial surface.

Early muscular training and immobilization in external rotation could reduce the recurrence rate in first-time shoulder dislocators among young rugby athletes.

Background: Among rugby players, anterior shoulder dislocation is challenging to treat during the in-season period. It often leads to recurrent shoulder instability and requires prolonged rest post-surgery. No studies have determined the effectiveness of immobilization, early muscle strength training, or both in preventing reinjury in this population.

Results from a phase 1b study of telisotuzumab vedotin in combination with osimertinib in patients with c-Met protein-overexpressing, EGFR-mutated locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after progression on prior osimertinib.

Background: Osimertinib is the standard first-line treatment for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC. However, treatment resistance is inevitable and increased c-Met protein expression correlates with resistance. Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) is an antibody-drug conjugate that targets c-Met protein overexpression.

Neo-adjuvant FOLFOX with and without panitumumab for patients with KRAS-wt locally advanced colon cancer: results following an extended biomarker panel on the FOxTROT Trial embedded phase II population.

Background: The FOxTROT trial has reported advantages of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locally advanced colon cancer (LACC). Here we present results of the embedded randomized phase II trial testing the addition of panitumumab to neoadjuvant FOLFOX compared with FOLFOX alone in RAS and BRAF-wild-type patients and with biomarker hyperselction.

Patients And Methods: Patients had operable, CT-predicted stage T3-4, N0-2, M0 colon adenocarcinoma.

Costly punishment sustains indirect reciprocity under low defection detectability.

Cooperation is fundamental to human societies, and indirect reciprocity, where individuals cooperate to build a positive reputation for future benefits, plays a key role in promoting it. Previous theoretical and experimental studies have explored both the effectiveness and limitations of costly punishment in sustaining cooperation. While empirical observations show that costly punishment by third parties is common, some theoretical models suggest it may not be effective in the context of indirect reciprocity, raising doubts about its potential to enhance cooperation.

Association Between Mortality and Time Spent Out of Bed in Older-Adult Nursing Home Residents.

Objectives: For older adults, spending time out of bed is important for preventing functional decline, but its relationship to mortality is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between mortality and time spent out of bed in Japanese older-adult nursing home residents.

Design: We conducted a cohort study using data from the Long-term Care Information System for Evidence database.

Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension as Risk Factors for Advanced Fibrosis in Biopsy Proven Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Objectives: To identify the diagnostic criteria for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) related to liver fibrosis and to characterize patients with cryptogenic steatotic liver disease (SLD) (non-MASLD) among those previously diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 511 patients diagnosed with NAFLD via liver biopsy, and the prevalence of MASLD was assessed based on the diagnostic criteria. Patients were divided into those who met the MASLD criteria and those who did not, and the characteristics of advanced fibrosis and associated cardiometabolic factors were evaluated.

Outcome of a Mix-and-Match Approach with a Monofocal Aspherical and a Bifocal Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens to Achieve Extended Monovision in Cataract Patients.

Background: Extended monovision is a novel mix-and-match approach that has been recently introduced. It involves implanting an aspherical monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) for distance vision in the dominant eye, and a bifocal extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL in the nondominant eye. The target refraction for the nondominant eye is - 1.

Role of spin-orbit coupling for the band splitting in ⍺-Sb and ⍺-Bi on SiC(0001).

Monolayer atomic thin films of group-V elements have a high potential for application in spintronics and valleytronics because of their unique crystal structure and strong spin-orbit coupling. We fabricated Sb and Bi monolayers on a SiC(0001) substrate by the molecular-beam-epitaxy method and studied the electronic structure by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles calculations. The fabricated Sb film shows the (√3×√3)R30º superstructure associated with the formation of ⍺-Sb, and exhibits a semiconducting nature with a band gap of more than 1.

Nuclear accident-derived I in several river water, eastern Fukushima, Japan, 2016-2020.

Radionuclides, including I, were released into the atmosphere by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. We measured the dissolved I concentration in 11 rivers in eastern Fukushima from 2016 to 2020 to clarify the I concentration level in river water under base-flow conditions. During the study period, the maximum I concentration in the river water was 1.

Accelerator neutron sources for BNCT: Current status and some pointers for future development.

Recent decades have seen the development of accelerator neutron sources suitable for installation in a hospital setting. Numerous challenges have been faced and solved to deliver technology which continues to transform the field of BNCT. This paper begins by briefly reviewing the technologies which are currently, or soon will be, in clinical use.

Quantitative Assessment of Delivered Dose in Carbon Ion Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (C-SFRT) and Biological Response to C-SFRT.

Objective Applying carbon ion beams, which have high linear energy transfer and low scatter within the human body, to Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) could benefit the treatment of deep-seated or radioresistant tumors. This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of spatially fractionated beams (SFB) to accurately determine the delivered dose and model the cell survival rate following SFB irradiation. Approach Dose distributions of carbon ion beams are calculated using the Triple Gaussian Model.