A Dual-Payload Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting CD276/B7-H3 Elicits Cytotoxicity and Immune Activation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous disease that often relapses following treatment with standard radiotherapies and cytotoxic chemotherapies. Combination therapies have potential for treating refractory metastatic TNBC. In this study, we aimed to develop an antibody-drug conjugate with dual payloads (DualADC) as a chemoimmunotherapy for TNBC.

Community Privilege and Unplanned Surgery for Access-Sensitive Surgical Conditions.

Objective: We sought to define the association of privilege on rates of unplanned surgery and perioperative outcomes for access-sensitive surgical conditions.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) are critical in influencing timely access to healthcare. Privilege represents a right, benefit, advantage, or opportunity that positively influences all SDOH.

The Association of Established Primary Care with Postoperative Outcomes Among Medicare Patients with Digestive Tract Cancer.

Background: Primary care (PC) is essential to overall wellness and management of comorbidities. In turn, patients without adequate access to PC may face healthcare disparities. We sought to characterize the impact of established PC on postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing a surgical procedure for a digestive tract cancer.

Recall of Flavor at First E-cigarette Use and Its Association with E-cigarette Progression: The Mediating Effects of First Sensory Experience.

Objective: To test whether the association between flavor at first vape and continued use is mediated through subjective experience at first vape.

Study Design: In a 2020 cross-sectional survey, 955 young adult ever-vapers recalled their first flavor vaped, subjective experiences at first use, current vaping behavior, nicotine dependence, and quit attempts. A latent class model grouped first-use subjective experiences into classes.

Open vs robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy, cost-effectiveness and long-term oncologic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex gastrointestinal surgery that is performed increasingly via minimally invasive approach through robotic platforms. We sought to provide a comparative review of available data regarding robot-assisted vs open PD in terms of cost-effectiveness, overall survival, and other perioperative and long-term oncologic outcomes.

Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from 1980 to April 2024 using designated keywords.

The Association of Socio-Environmental Inequality and Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Major Surgery.

Introduction: Environmental hazards may influence health outcomes and be a driver of health inequalities. We sought to characterize the extent to which social-environmental inequalities were associated with surgical outcomes following a complex operation.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, coronary artery bypass grafting, colectomy, pneumonectomy, or pancreatectomy between 2016 and 2021 were identified from Medicare claims data.

Association between Cognitive Function and Physical Function, Frailty, and Quality of Life in Older Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Older cancer survivors in general are at greater risk for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), yet few studies have explored its association with health outcomes. This study examined the association between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function and physical function, frailty, and quality of life (QoL) among older breast cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: Older breast cancer survivors who reported cognitive concerns completed surveys on patient-reported cognitive function, physical function, frailty, and QoL as well as objective tests of visuospatial working memory and sustained attention.

State-of-the-art imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most fatal and fifth most common cancer worldwide, with rising incidence due to obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Imaging modalities, including ultrasound (US), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a vital role in detecting HCC characteristics, aiding in early detection, detailed visualization, and accurate differentiation of liver lesions. Liver-specific contrast agents, the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System, and advanced techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging and artificial intelligence, further enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Transglutaminase 2-mediated histone monoaminylation and its role in cancer.

Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) has been known as a well-characterized factor regulating the progression of multiple types of cancer, due to its multifunctional activities and the ubiquitous signaling pathways it is involved in. As a member of the transglutaminase family, TGM2 catalyzes protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), including monoaminylation, amide hydrolysis, cross-linking, etc., through the transamidation of variant glutamine-containing protein substrates.

Postoperative complications among dialysis-requiring patients undergoing splenectomy.

Background: Dialysis patients are at high risk for surgery, but their outcomes after splenectomy are unclear. We compared postoperative complications between dialysis and non-dialysis patients.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for this retrospective cohort.

Machine learning models including preoperative and postoperative albumin-bilirubin score: short-term outcomes among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: We sought to assess the impact of various perioperative factors on the risk of severe complications and post-surgical mortality using a novel maching learning technique.

Methods: Data on patients undergoing resection for HCC were obtained from an international, multi-institutional database between 2000 and 2020. Gradient boosted trees were utilized to construct predictive models.

Estimating the causal effect of filter ventilation levels in cigarettes on past 30-day smoking.

Introduction: Cigarettes with higher levels of filter ventilation are misperceived as less harmful and may be more appealing to consumers. Setting limits on filter ventilation has been considered as a policy, but a better understanding of any potential unintended consequences is needed.

Methods: Filter ventilation (0.

Poverty and Its Impact on Surgical Care.

In this article, the authors explore the intricate relationship between poverty and surgical care, underscoring its multifaceted nature and its profound impact on access and outcomes. Poverty extends beyond financial constraints to encompass barriers related to healthcare infrastructure, geographic isolation, education, mental health, and social determinants of health, resulting in persistent disparities in access to high-quality surgical care, especially for those in persistently impoverished areas and access-sensitive surgical conditions. Additionally, the authors delve into the complex intersection of poverty, race, and ethnicity, emphasizing the heightened risks faced by minority patients in surgical care.

Enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks inference from single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data.

Deciphering the intricate relationships between transcription factors (TFs), enhancers, and genes through the inference of enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks (eGRNs) is crucial in understanding gene regulatory programs in a complex biological system. This study introduces STREAM, a novel method that leverages a Steiner forest problem model, a hybrid biclustering pipeline, and submodular optimization to infer eGRNs from jointly profiled single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility data. Compared to existing methods, STREAM demonstrates enhanced performance in terms of TF recovery, TF-enhancer linkage prediction, and enhancer-gene relation discovery.

Multicellular immune ecotypes within solid tumors predict real-world therapeutic benefits with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Cancer initiation, progression, and immune evasion depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, understanding the TME immune architecture is essential for understanding tumor metastasis and therapy response. This study aimed to create an immune cell states (CSs) atlas using bulk RNA-seq data enriched by eco-type analyses to resolve the complex immune architectures in the TME.

Brentuximab vedotin plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, and prednisone followed by brentuximab vedotin consolidation in CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study.

Background: CD30 expression is universal in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and is expressed in some other peripheral T-cell lymphoma subtypes. Incorporation of brentuximab vedotin into initial therapy for people with CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphomas prolonged progression-free survival, but there is room for improvement, especially for people with non-anaplastic large-cell lymphoma subtypes.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre, international, single-arm, phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety and activity of CHEP-BV (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone, brentuximab vedotin, and etoposide) followed by brentuximab vedotin consolidation in patients with CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphomas across five academic centres in the USA and Canada.

Micelle-Containing Hydrogels and Their Applications in Biomedical Research.

Hydrogels are one of the most commonly used materials in our daily lives, which possess crosslinked three-dimensional network structures and are capable of absorbing large amounts of fluid. Due to their outstanding properties, such as flexibility, tunability, and biocompatibility, hydrogels have been widely employed in biomedical research and clinics, especially in on-demand drug release. However, traditional hydrogels face various limitations, e.

Gender-Based Variations in Medicare Reimbursements Among Different Surgical Subspecialties.

Importance: Gender inequities and limited representation are an obstacle to surgical workforce diversification. There has been limited examination of gender-based disparities in billing practices among surgeons.

Objective: To evaluate variations in practice metrics and billing practices among female and male surgeons and identify factors associated with gender disparities in Medicare reimbursements.

Rab10-CAV1 mediated intraluminal vesicle transport to migrasomes.

Migrasomes, vesicular organelles generated on the retraction fibers of migrating cells, play a crucial role in migracytosis, mediating intercellular communication. The cargoes determine the functional specificity of migrasomes. Migrasomes harbor numerous intraluminal vesicles, a pivotal component of their cargoes.