Siltuximab for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy-related CRS and ICANS: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies are effective in many hematologic malignancies; however, adverse events including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) can affect a significant number of patients. Those who develop refractory CRS or ICANS have few treatment options. Siltuximab, a monoclonal antibody binding circulating interleukin-6, has been proposed to have clinical activity in both CRS and ICANS.

Trajectory Analysis of Healthcare Use Before and after Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery.

Background: Frailty correlates with worse postoperative outcomes and higher surgical cost, but the long-term impact on healthcare use remains ill-defined. We sought to evaluate patterns of healthcare use pre- and postsurgery among patients with gastrointestinal cancer and characterize the association with frailty.

Study Design: Data on patients who underwent surgical resection for liver, biliary, pancreatic, colon and rectal cancer were obtained from the SEER-Medicare database from 2005 to 2020.

Impact of GLP-1RA on the Risk of Adverse Liver Outcomes Among Patients With Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes.

Background And Aims: We sought to characterise the impact of GLP-1RA on adverse liver outcomes (ALO) among patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Patients with T2DM newly diagnosed with ALD between 2013 and 2020 were identified using IBM MarketScan database and were categorised by GLP-1RA exposure. Overlap propensity score weighting (OPSW) followed by Poisson regression models was used to analyse adjusted risk of ALO, a composite endpoint defined by first occurrence of hepatic decompensation (HD), portal hypertension (PH), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver transplantation (LT) relative to GLP-1RA.

Incidence and Prognostic Implications of Lymphovascular Invasion in Node-Negative Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results From the US Neuroendocrine Study Group.

Background: Despite the well-known prognostic role of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pNETs, less is known about the importance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) among patients with these tumors.

Methods: Patients undergoing pancreatectomy for pNET between 2002 and 2020 were identified in the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group database. Cox regression analysis was utilized to identify the impact of LVI on recurrence-free survival (RFS) among patients with node-negative pNET.

Variation in physician spending and its association with postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: There is significant variation in inpatient expenditures among physicians and hospitals. This study aimed to characterize the association between variation in physician spending and short-term outcomes among patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for PDAC and CRC from 2010 to 2020 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result-Medicare-linked database.

Preoperative Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C Impacts Long-Term Outcomes Following Curative-Intent Resection of Nonfunctional Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background: To investigate the impact of preoperative glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) among patients following curative-intent resection of nonfunctional gastroentropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).

Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for GEP-NETs from 2000 to 2020 were identified from the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group (US-NETSG). Preoperative blood HbA1c levels were defined as high HbA1c (≥ 6.

Riluzole Enhancing Anti-PD-1 Efficacy by Activating cGAS/STING Signaling in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Although immune checkpoint blockade therapies including anti-PD-1/PD-L1 have been successful in treating a subset of patients with colorectal cancer, the response rates remain low. We have found that riluzole, a well-tolerated FDA-approved oral medicine for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells and suppressed tumor growth of colon cancer cells in syngeneic immune-competent mice.

Tuning a bioengineered hydrogel for studying astrocyte reactivity in glioblastoma.

Astrocytes play many essential roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and are altered significantly in disease. These reactive astrocytes contribute to neuroinflammation and disease progression in many pathologies, including glioblastoma (GB), an aggressive form of brain cancer. Current in vitro platforms do not allow for accurate modeling of reactive astrocytes.

RCAN1.4 regulates tumor cell engraftment and invasion in a thyroid cancer to lung metastasis-on-a-chip microphysiological system.

Progressive metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. It has been recognized that many cancers are characterized by long periods of stability followed by subsequent progression. Genes termed metastasis progression suppressors (MPS) are functional gatekeepers of this process, and their loss leads to late-stage progression.

Insecticide-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation in Model Microbe Discovered by Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling.

Fipronil, malathion, and permethrin are widely used insecticides in agriculture, public areas, and residential spaces. The globally abused application of these chemicals results in residues surpassing established maximum residue levels, giving rise to potential toxicity in unintended organisms. Long-term exposure and the persistent accumulation of these insecticides in animals and humans pose threats such as neurotoxicity, liver and kidney damage, and microbiota dysbiosis.

Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells via Dual-Antibody Fluorescent Nanodiamond Conjugate.

Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials that emit bright, photostable fluorescence and exhibit a modifiable surface chemistry. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are an immunosuppressive cell population known to expand in cancer patients and contribute to worse patient outcomes. To target MDSC, glycidol-coated FND were conjugated with antibodies against the murine MDSC markers, CD11b and GR1 (dual-Ab FND).

Upfront surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Prediction of futility using artificial intelligence.

Objective: We sought to identify patients at risk of "futile" surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model based on preoperative variables.

Methods: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent resection between 1990 and 2020 were identified from a multi-institutional database. Futility was defined either as mortality or recurrence within 12 months of surgery.