Trends in Medical Students' Legal Concerns Regarding Abortion Care in the Wake of the 2022 Decision.

Objectives: The 2022 US Supreme Court decision dramatically shifted the legal landscape in health care, leaving state legislatures to redefine the ethics of medical practice. As gold-standard medical procedures become banned and criminalized, physicians are facing heightened legal uncertainty and grappling with moral dilemmas of where and how to practice. This study aimed to quantitatively assess trends in legal concern among medical students and identify correlations with decision making regarding future medical training.

Presentation, treatment, and outcomes of chondrosarcoma in young adult patients less than age 50: A case series of ten patients.

Chondrosarcoma is an aggressive bone tumor typically affecting older adults in the 6th and 7th decade. These tumors often present as painful masses in the pelvis, ribs, and long bones and have certain characteristic features on the imaging leading to the diagnosis. The occurrence of these tumors in the young adult population is a rare condition that is not well described.

Toward a human brain extracellular vesicle atlas: Characteristics of extracellular vesicles from different brain regions, including small RNA and protein profiles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and play roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions. Although brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) have been successfully collected from brain tissue, there is not yet a "bdEV Atlas" of EVs from different brain regions. To address this gap, we separated EVs from eight anatomical brain regions of a single individual and subsequently characterized them by count, size, morphology, and protein and RNA content.

Patient-reported outcomes based on discontinuation or continuous treatment with natalizumab: New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium (NYSMSC) study.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) are increasingly utilized as part of the routine clinical assessment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The long-term effect of disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and their discontinuation on PRO measures remains largely unknown.

Methods: Two pwMS groups treated with natalizumab were selected from the New York State MS Consortium (NYSMSC) database.

Allosteric Site Mediates Inhibition of Tonic NMDA Receptor Activity by Low Dose Ketamine.

Ketamine, a general anesthetic, has rapid and sustained antidepressant effects when administered at lower doses. At anesthetic doses, ketamine causes a drastic reduction in excitatory transmission by lodging in the centrally located hydrophilic pore of the NMDA receptor, where it blocks ionic flow. In contrast, the molecular and cellular targets responsible for the antidepressant effects of ketamine remain controversial.

Maxillary Frenulum and "Lip Tie": What Parents Understand.

Objective: To determine the proportion of parents that have some knowledge of abnormal maxillary frenulum, or "lip tie," and their sources of this information.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Otolaryngology clinic.

Infantile-onset Pompe disease with neutropenia: Treatment decisions in the face of a unique phenotype.

Infantile-onset Pompe disease manifests with early signs of cardiomyopathy during the first few days to weeks of life. We present the case of a newborn born via emergency cesarean section with atrial flutter and moderate biventricular hypertrophy who was diagnosed with Pompe disease on New York State newborn screen. Diagnosis was confirmed with repeat leukocyte acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme activity, gene sequencing, urine Hex4, and evaluation of Cross-Reactive Immunological Material (CRIM) status.

Improvement in time to multiple sclerosis diagnosis: 25-year retrospective analysis from New York State MS Consortium (NYSMSC).

Judicious multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and early start of disease modifying therapy significantly improves long-term disability outcomes in persons with MS (pwMS). Retrospective analysis based on 25-year New York State MS Consortium (NYSMSC) data determined the effect of changes in the respective diagnostic criteria in shortening the time between symptom onset to MS diagnosis. Based on 9378 current and historical MS cases, there was a significant decrease in time to diagnosis in pwMS from 1982-2001 to >2017 periods (average 4.

Methods to Assess Melatonin Receptor-Mediated Phase-Shift and Re-entrainment of Rhythmic Behaviors in Mouse Models.

The neurohormone melatonin facilitates entrainment of biological rhythms to environmental light-dark conditions as well as phase-shifts of circadian rhythms in constant conditions via activation of the MT and/or MT receptors expressed within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The efficacy of melatonin and related agonists to modulate biological rhythms can be assessed using two well-validated mouse models of rhythmic behaviors. These models serve as predictive measures of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of circadian phase disorders caused by internal (e.

A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of EMS Clinicians in Recognizing and Treating Witnessed Cardiac Arrests.

Background: Survival from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) increases when effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation are performed early. Patients who suffer OHCA in front of emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians have greater likelihood of survival, but little is known about how EMS clinicians think about and experience those events. We sought to understand how EMS clinicians assessed patients who devolved to cardiac arrest in their presence and uncover the perceived barriers and facilitators associated with recognizing and treating witnessed OHCAs.

A prospective study to validate the expanded timed get-up-and-go in a population with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) test serves as gold standard in care of persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and as walking measure of regulatory trials.

Objective: To validate and determine the clinical utility of Expanded Timed Get-Up and Go (ETGUG) as a disability measure in MS.

Methods: ETGUG intra-rater and inter-rater reproducibility was determined in 65 PwMS that were examined twice in two centres over 1-week.

Levetiracetam-induced aggression and acute behavioral changes: A case report and literature review.

Levetiracetam is a second-generation antiepileptic medication used to treat a wide range of partial and generalized seizure disorders. While Levetiracetam is generally well-tolerated, mild mood-related side effects (e.g.

Treatment of Morgellons disease with doxycycline.

Morgellons disease (MD) is a rare dermatopathy characterized by nonspecific symptoms and the production of multicolored fibers and granular tissue from diffuse skin ulcerations which are described as being either pruritic or painful. The etiology of MD is currently unknown; previous studies have suggested both psychiatric and infectious causes, with increasing interest over the previous decade in elaborating a possible pathogenesis for the disease secondary to infection by Borrelia species. We report a middle-aged Caucasian female who developed symptoms of MD in the days following exposure to a tick bite after spending an afternoon hiking through a wooded area.

Discontinuation of disease modifying therapies is associated with disability progression regardless of prior stable disease and age.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with stable disease course might view continued treatment as unnecessary. However, guidelines regarding treatment discontinuation are currently lacking.

Objective: To assess the clinical course after treatment discontinuation in MS patients with long disease duration.

Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan: Results from the prehospital and mass casualty research Delphi survey.

Background: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2016 trauma system report recommended a National Trauma Research Action Plan to strengthen and guide future trauma research. To address this recommendation, 11 expert panels completed a Delphi survey process to create a comprehensive research agenda, spanning the continuum of trauma care. We describe the gap analysis and high-priority research questions generated from the National Trauma Research Action Plan panel on prehospital and mass casualty trauma care.

Analysis of clinical risk models vs. clinician's assessment for prediction of coronary artery disease among predominantly female population.

Introduction: Multiple risk models are used to predict the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with chest pain. We aimed to compare the performance of these models to an experienced cardiologist's assessment utilizing coronary angiography (CA) as a reference.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients without known CAD referred for elective CA.

Copper@ZIF-8 Core-Shell Nanowires for Reusable Antimicrobial Face Masks.

SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses spread via aerosols generated by infected people. Face masks can limit transmission. However, widespread use of disposable masks consumes tremendous resources and generates waste.

Considering patient age when treating multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan.

: The successful development of anti-inflammatory disease-modifying treatments (DMT) significantly improved disease outcomes and longevity of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, the shift toward an elderly MS population has resulted with new concerns regarding DMT efficacy and safety.: This review summarizes the evidence of an age-based decrease in the efficacy of MS DMTs and increase in pharmacovigilance concerns.

Preclinical evaluation of cancer immune therapy using patient-derived tumor antigen-specific T cells in a novel xenograft platform.

Objectives: With a rapidly growing list of candidate immune-based cancer therapeutics, there is a critical need to generate highly reliable animal models to preclinically evaluate the efficacy of emerging immune-based therapies, facilitating successful clinical translation. Our aim was to design and validate a novel model (called Xenomimetic or 'X' mouse) that allows monitoring of the ability of human tumor-specific T cells to suppress tumor growth following their entry into the tumor.

Methods: Tumor xenografts are established rapidly in the greater omentum of globally immunodeficient NOD- (NSG) mice following an intraperitoneal injection of melanoma target cells expressing tumor neoantigen peptides, as well as green fluorescent protein and/or luciferase.

Clinical feasibility of longitudinal lateral ventricular volume measurements on T2-FLAIR across MRI scanner changes.

Background: Greater brain atrophy is associated with disability progression (DP) in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, methodological challenges limit its routine clinical use.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of atrophy measures as markers of DP in PwMS scanned across different MRI field strengths.