Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in China.

Background: Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents has become a worldwide epidemic. There are several studies that have concentrated on the prevalence rate of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID), whereas data on such a population on the mainland of China remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among school-aged children and adolescents with ID on China's mainland.

Exploring standardized persons' expectations for practice-readiness among student pharmacists.

Introduction: Although patient expectations and preferences for healthcare selection have been described in the literature, there are no studies exploring what qualities and behaviors standardized persons (SPs) identify for the practice-ready pharmacist. This manuscript explores those qualities and behaviors within an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to determine SP interest in having the student as their pharmacy provider.

Methods: Using open-ended questions via a Qualtrics survey, SPs were asked to provide qualities and behaviors they associated with each of three practice-readiness rating levels.

Adaptive evolution in a conifer hybrid zone is driven by a mosaic of recently introgressed and background genetic variants.

Extant conifer species may be susceptible to rapid environmental change owing to their long generation times, but could also be resilient due to high levels of standing genetic diversity. Hybridisation between closely related species can increase genetic diversity and generate novel allelic combinations capable of fuelling adaptive evolution. Our study unravelled the genetic architecture of adaptive evolution in a conifer hybrid zone formed between Pinus strobiformis and P.

Short-term co-ingestion of creatine and sodium bicarbonate improves anaerobic performance in trained taekwondo athletes.

Background: Creatine (CR) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) alone improve anaerobic performance. However, the ergogenic effects of CR and SB co-ingestion on taekwondo anaerobic performance remains unknown.

Methods: Forty trained taekwondo athletes (21 ± 1 y.

"Does Pakistan still have polio cases?": Exploring discussions on polio and polio vaccine in online news comments in Pakistan.

Introduction: Polio, which is caused by poliovirus, is a contagious, potentially crippling, and deadly disease. Pakistan is one of the countries in which polio is still endemic in the 21st century. In 2019, 146 polio cases were reported across the country with some resulting in deaths.

Storytelling-Plots of resilience, learning, and discovery in emergency management.

Almost everyone can relate to the experience of telling a story. This article explores how storytelling is being used to identify risks and create hazard mitigation strategies, as well as how it can promote learning within the field of emergency management. Storytelling is both a pedagogical tool and an invaluable resource for practicing emergency managers.

Caffeinated Chewing Gum Improves Bicycle Motocross Time-Trial Performance.

This study aimed to identify the acute effects of caffeinated chewing gum (CAF) on bicycle motocross (BMX) time-trial (TT) performance. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design, 14 male BMX riders (age = 20.0 ± 3.

Effects of reward magnitude frames on measures of delay discounting in a hypothetical money scenario.

The current study analyzed the effects of three frames of reward magnitude-quantity, volume, and duration-on the rate at which college students discounted hypothetical, delayed monetary rewards. Hypothetical scenarios were presented using the fill-in-the-blank discounting questionnaire and participants made choices between immediate and delayed hypothetical monetary rewards. Scenarios framed the monetary choices as (a) quantity of dollar bills, (b) height (inches) of a stack of dollar bills, and (c) duration of time spent in a hypothetical cash machine to collect dollar bills.

Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Among Children with ADHD: The Influence of Parental Distress, Parenting Practices, and Child Routines.

Emotional/behavioral concerns are common among children with ADHD. Familial factors (e.g.

Use of Evidence-Based Best Practices and Behavior Change Techniques in Breast Cancer Apps: Systematic Analysis.

Background: Theoretically designed mobile health (mHealth) breast cancer interventions are essential for achieving positive behavior change. In the case of breast cancer, they can improve the health outcomes of millions of women by increasing prevention and care efforts. However, little is known about the theoretical underpinnings of breast cancer apps available to the general public.

Emergency preparedness in Canada: The role of recreation.

Emergency management has traditionally been led by an attitude to react and respond and implement effective recovery efforts. The focus has now shifted to a preparedness perspective, promoting measures which encourage the public and responders to be better equipped leading to an increased level of resiliency. Effective use of Recreation-based stakeholders and facilities, in emergency planning, boasts a number of positive elements to all phases of emergency management.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Behavioral Difficulties in Children with ADHD: Associations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms.

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) appears to be distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and unique patterns of association between SCT and comorbid symptoms have been reported in the literature. The current study examined the relation between environmental supports and comorbid concerns among children with high SCT. Parents of children (ages 6-12) with a diagnosis of ADHD and clinically elevated SCT (N = 126) completed measures of emotional/behavioral functioning, child routines, and parental adjustment.

Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation alone or together improve karate performance.

Background: The ergogenic properties of acute caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) ingestion on athletic performance have been previously investigated. However, each sport has unique physiological and technical characteristics which warrants optimizing supplementations strategies for maximizing performance. This study examined the effects of CAF and NaHCO ingestion on physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion during a Karate-specific aerobic test (KSAT) in competitive karatekas.

Family Separation and the Impact of Digital Technology on the Mental Health of Refugee Families in the United States: Qualitative Study.

Background: Conflicts around the world have resulted in a record high number of refugees. Family separation is a critical factor that impacts refugee mental health. Thus, it is important to explore refugees' ability to maintain contact with family members across the globe and the ways in which they attempt to do so.

Demonstration of exogenous nuclear histone H3 binding to mitochondria and subsequent cytochrome c release in cauliflower.

The life cycle of a cell is partly regulated by the programmed cell death (PCD) process. From development to demise, a cell's PCD process must respond to external signals and internal factors mediated by mitochondria. Previous studies show that the release of histones into the cytosol caused by DNA damage or loss of nuclear integrity is correlated with apoptosis in mammalian cells.

The evolution of healthcare disaster preparedness and response training at the FEMA Center for Domestic Preparedness.

The Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP) in partnership with the US Department of Health and Human Services Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response is using a multiagency/organization, targeted, collaborative approach to adjust existing courses and develop responsive new courses to provide best practices education and experiential learning techniques in healthcare facility emergency resilience, preparedness, response, and recovery applicable to all first receivers. The CDP in Anniston, AL, is a Federal Emergency Management Agency training facility for the Nation's state, local, tribal, and territorial first responders and healthcare professionals. The Center's role has rapidly evolved to provide healthcare emergency preparedness, response, and management training.

An evaluation of praise as a reinforcer for preschoolers' behavior.

Behavior analysts and educators often recommend using praise, particularly descriptive praise, despite mixed empirical findings to support this recommendation. We evaluated the effectiveness of praise as a reinforcer during a reinforcer assessment using known tasks with preschoolers in Experiment 1. Praise functioned as a reinforcer for 2 of 6 participants; the remaining 4 participants required additional reinforcers (edibles) to show a reinforcement effect.

"This is a Pakhtun disease": Pakhtun health journalists' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to polio vaccine acceptance among the high-risk Pakhtun community in Pakistan.

Introduction: Pakistan is one of only three poliomyelitis-endemic countries in the world. Twelve wild poliovirus (WPV) cases were recorded in the country in 2018. Even though resistance to oral polio vaccine (OPV) has decreased over time, there are still pockets of communities, mostly ethnic Pakhtun living in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, that resist OPV.

"It's My Calling": Gendered Pathways to Funeral Work.

One of the most prominent features of the U.S. labor force is sex segregation among college majors and across career choices.

Tests of an indifference rule in variable-delay and double-reward choice procedures with humans.

Four hundred and fifty participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk across 3 experiments to test the predictions of a hyperbolic discounting equation in accounting for human choices involving variable delays or multiple rewards (Mazur, 1984, 1986). In Experiment 1, participants made hypothetical choices between 2 monetary alternatives, 1 consisting of a fixed delay and another consisting of 2 delays of equal probability (i.e.

The evolution of response and management training at the FEMA Center for Domestic Preparedness.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP) was established in 1998 and is now 20 years old. In its short history, the CDP has significantly evolved the relevance and responsiveness of its courses and its capability to provide high-fidelity, hands-on training, and exercises to meet the demanding needs of today's responders. This article discusses the basis of need for a competent, responder training program; the genesis of the CDP as a no-cost provider of responder training for state, local, tribal, and territorial responders; describes the current training opportunities available to responders; previews emerging training opportunities that are under development or envisioned in the very near future; and provides insight to the future progression of the CDP as it continues to expand and evolve its role as FEMA's premiere, responder focused, hands-on training provider.

The scholarship of teaching and learning in emergency management and homeland security: Trends, gaps, barriers, and opportunities.

Underlying the nature of what is and is not a profession are education standards. Among the characteristics defining a profession's specialized boundaries are the education standards comprising its academic programs. The status of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is explored for both emergency management and homeland security (EM/HS) at this point in time.

Evaluating Student Learning Through Collaborative Testing in a Psychiatric Mental Health Course.

Background: The Institute of Medicine calls for collaboration and encourages nursing education programs to provide opportunities for students to engage in collaborative efforts with members of the healthcare team to improve the practice environment and patient outcomes. Nurse educators strive to provide meaningful learning experiences that garner competence, decision-making, clinical reasoning, and problem-solving.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of collaborative testing on student learning of mental health concepts and to evaluate student perceptions of this learning strategy.

Lower rotational inertia and larger leg muscles indicate more rapid turns in tyrannosaurids than in other large theropods.

Synopsis: Tyrannosaurid dinosaurs had large preserved leg muscle attachments and low rotational inertia relative to their body mass, indicating that they could turn more quickly than other large theropods.

Methods: To compare turning capability in theropods, we regressed agility estimates against body mass, incorporating superellipse-based modeled mass, centers of mass, and rotational inertia (mass moment of inertia). Muscle force relative to body mass is a direct correlate of agility in humans, and torque gives potential angular acceleration.

An overview of Bayesian reasoning in the analysis of delay-discounting data.

Statistical inference (including interval estimation and model selection) is increasingly used in the analysis of behavioral data. As with many other fields, statistical approaches for these analyses traditionally use classical (i.e.