FXR1 Deletion from Cortical Parvalbumin Interneurons Modifies their Excitatory Synaptic Responses.

Fragile X autosomal homolog 1 (FXR1), a member of the fragile X messenger riboprotein 1 family, has been linked to psychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons play critical roles in cortical processing, and have been implicated in FXR1-linked mental illnesses. Targeted deletion of FXR1 from PV interneurons in mice has been shown to alter cortical excitability and elicit schizophrenia-like behavior.

Rates of PSMA PET Staging and Positivity in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in a National Health Care System.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2020 for the staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer, yet rates of adoption and real-world positivity rates are unknown.

Trends in Medical Students' Legal Concerns Regarding Abortion Care in the Wake of the 2022 Decision.

Objectives: The 2022 US Supreme Court decision dramatically shifted the legal landscape in health care, leaving state legislatures to redefine the ethics of medical practice. As gold-standard medical procedures become banned and criminalized, physicians are facing heightened legal uncertainty and grappling with moral dilemmas of where and how to practice. This study aimed to quantitatively assess trends in legal concern among medical students and identify correlations with decision making regarding future medical training.

Adverse childhood experiences and defensive gun use: The indirect role of threat sensitivity and depressive symptoms.

Background/purpose: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to various detrimental life outcomes, including an increase in threat sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Studies have also found an association between ACEs and firearm ownership. To date, no study has assessed whether ACEs have direct or indirect effects on defensive gun use (DGU) through these risk factors.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Single-nucleus and spatial landscape of the sub-ventricular zone in human glioblastoma.

The sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) is the most well-characterized neurogenic area in the mammalian brain. We previously showed that in 65% of patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the SVZ is a reservoir of cancer stem-like cells that contribute to treatment resistance and the emergence of recurrence. Here, we build a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing-based microenvironment landscape of the tumor mass and the SVZ of 15 patients and two histologically normal SVZ samples as controls.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Omega-3 fatty acids and sleep: recent advances in understanding effects and mechanisms.

Purpose Of Review: Sleep disturbance and low dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids are common in modern society. Previous research shows that omega-3 fatty acids play an integral role in the regulation of sleep processes, but efficacy data in adults have been equivocal to date. This review examines recent studies highlighting the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on sleep quality and circadian processes.

Assessing Mental Health Effects of Eastern Kentucky Households After the State's Deadliest Flood: Using a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER).

Objectives: On July 28, 2022, eastern Kentucky experienced the state's deadliest flood in recorded history. In response to ongoing mental health concerns from community members who survived the flood, local health department directors in affected communities requested technical assistance from the Kentucky Department for Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Methods: Two simultaneous Community Assessments for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPERs) were conducted 6 weeks after the flood.

Differences in content of care and outcomes between a clinical practice guideline adherent program and usual care for patellofemoral pain: A retrospective pilot study.

Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee condition in young and active individuals that is managed with highly variable treatment strategies.

Objective: To determine whether the length, number of visits, and content of physical therapy care for patients with PFP differ between a Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) adherent program and usual care. Additionally, the percentage of patients reporting clinically important improvements in patient-reported outcomes in each group was evaluated as an exploratory aim.

Prospect of using ethnobotanicals to manage snakebites in a cost-effective manner: validating Senegalia mellifera extract's inhibitory potential on Naja nigricincta nigricincta (zebra cobra) venom.

Background: Despite Naja nigricincta nigricincta being responsible for most snake envenomation in remote Namibian regions, an effective intervention against its venom remains undiscovered. This study aimed to scientifically validate Namibian folklore claims about Senegalia mellifera extract's efficacy against snake envenomation.

Methods: In vitro assays were conducted to assess the inhibitory potential of S.

Corrigendum: Inhibition of coronavirus HCoV-OC43 by targeting the eIF4F complex.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Spatial Deep Learning Approach to Older Driver Classification.

Given telemetry datasets (e.g., GPS location, speed, direction, distance.

Prediction of Patient Drug Response via 3D Bioprinted Gastric Cancer Model Utilized Patient-Derived Tissue Laden Tissue-Specific Bioink.

Despite significant research progress, tumor heterogeneity remains elusive, and its complexity poses a barrier to anticancer drug discovery and cancer treatment. Response to the same drug varies across patients, and the timing of treatment is an important factor in determining prognosis. Therefore, development of patient-specific preclinical models that can predict a patient's drug response within a short period is imperative.

Sex differences in aggression and its neural substrate in a cichlid fish.

Aggression is ubiquitous among social species and can function to maintain social dominance hierarchies. The African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni is an ideal study species for studying aggression due to their dominance hierarchy and robust behavioral repertoire. To further understand the potential sex differences in aggression in this species, we characterized aggression in male and female A.

Adipose tissue eQTL meta-analysis highlights the contribution of allelic heterogeneity to gene expression regulation and cardiometabolic traits.

Complete characterization of the genetic effects on gene expression is needed to elucidate tissue biology and the etiology of complex traits. In the present study, we analyzed 2,344 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and identified 34,774 conditionally distinct expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) signals at 18,476 genes. Over half of eQTL genes exhibited at least two eQTL signals.

System vaccinology analysis of predictors and mechanisms of antibody response durability to multiple vaccines in humans.

We performed a systems vaccinology analysis to investigate immune responses in humans to an H5N1 influenza vaccine, with and without the AS03 adjuvant, to identify factors influencing antibody response magnitude and durability. Our findings revealed a platelet and adhesion-related blood transcriptional signature on day 7 that predicted the longevity of the antibody response, suggesting a potential role for platelets in modulating antibody response durability. As platelets originate from megakaryocytes, we explored the effect of thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated megakaryocyte activation on antibody response longevity.

FYN regulates aqueous humor outflow and IOP through the phosphorylation of VE-CADHERIN.

Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SECs) serve as the final barrier to aqueous humor (AQH) drainage from the eye. SECs adjust permeability to AQH outflow to modulate intraocular pressure (IOP). The broad identification of IOP-related genes implicates SECs in glaucoma.

Trends in Mortality Due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States: A CDC WONDER Database Analysis (1999-2020).

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global health issue profoundly impacting quality of life. The United States accounts for nearly a quarter of the world's IBD patients, with the highest prevalence rates. This study aims to identify the demographic and regional trends of IBD-related mortality in the U.

Inequities in Physical Therapy Receipt of US Service Members and Veterans with Low Back Pain.

Objective: To investigate inequities in time-to physical therapy for patients with low back pain.

Design: Retrospective observational study utilizing data from the Department of Defense and Veterans Health Administration clinical and administrative data repositories derived from medical records, claims, and enrollment data.

Setting: Military Health System, Veterans Health System, and civilian healthcare facilities.

Longitudinal associations between intersectional stigmas, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and viral load among women living with HIV using multidimensional latent transition item response analysis.

Background: In the US, Women, especially Black and Latina women living in disadvantaged environments, are disproportionally affected by HIV. Women living with HIV (WLHIV) have higher rates of suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and detectable viral load (VL). Experiences of intersectional poverty, HIV, gender, and racial stigmas may increase the rates of detectable VL through suboptimal ART adherence.

Affinity maturation endows potent activity onto class 6 SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has greatly diminished the neutralizing activity of previously FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including that of antibody cocktails and of first-generation broadly neutralizing antibodies such as S309 (Sotrovimab). In contrast, antibodies targeting cryptic conformational epitopes of the receptor binding domain (RBD) have demonstrated broad activity against emerging variants, but exert only moderate neutralizing activity, which has so far hindered clinical development. Here, we utilize in vitro display technology to identify and affinity-mature antibodies targeting the cryptic class 6 epitope, accessible only in the "up" conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer.

Protective antibodies target cryptic epitope unmasked by cleavage of malaria sporozoite protein.

The most advanced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines against malaria target the central repeat region or closely related sequences within the circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). Here, using an antigen-agnostic strategy to investigate human antibody responses to whole sporozoites, we identified a class of mAbs that target a cryptic PfCSP epitope that is only exposed after cleavage and subsequent pyroglutamylation (pGlu) of the newly formed N terminus. This pGlu-CSP epitope is not targeted by current anti-PfCSP mAbs and is not included in the licensed malaria vaccines.

On brain stimulation in epilepsy.

Brain stimulation has, for many decades, been considered as a potential solution for the unmet needs of the many people living with drug-resistant epilepsy. Clinically, there are several different approaches in use, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation of the thalamus, and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). Across populations of patients, all deliver reductions in seizure load and SUDEP risk, yet do so variably, and the improvements seem incremental rather than transformative.