Water Microdroplets Promote Spontaneous Oxidation of Amino Acid- and Peptide-related Thiols to Disulfide Bonds.

Disulfide bonds (S-S) play a critical role in modern biochemistry, organic synthesis and prebiotic chemistry. Traditional methods for synthesizing disulfide bonds often rely on oxygen, alkali,  and metal catalysts. Herein, thiol groups involved in amino acids and peptides were spontaneously converted into symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfide bonds within water microdroplets, without the need for catalysts or oxygen, and under room temperature.

Role of gliflozins on hepatocellular carcinoma progression: a systematic synthesis of preclinical and clinical evidence.

Introduction: The risk of HCC is twice as high in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic ones, suggesting that diabetes advances carcinogenesis in the liver through a variety of mechanisms. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been shown to improve liver outcomes, emerging as promising agents to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We searched PubMed and Scopus databases for articles presenting an association between SGLT2is and HCC to explore the putative mechanisms of action underlying the anti-proliferative activity of SGLT2is.

Virus adaptation to heparan sulfate comes with capsid stability tradeoff.

Because of high mutation rates, viruses constantly adapt to new environments. When propagated in cell lines, certain viruses acquire positively charged amino acids on their surface proteins, enabling them to utilize negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) as an attachment receptor. In this study, we used enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) as model and demonstrated that unlike the parental MP4 variant, the cell-adapted strong HS-binder MP4-97R/167G does not require acidification for uncoating and releases its genome in the neutral or weakly acidic environment of early endosomes.

Recent Advance in Sensitive Detection of Demethylase FTO.

Methylation modification is a critical regulatory mechanism in epigenetics, playing a significant role in various biological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification found in RNA. This modification is dynamic and reversible, regulated by methyltransferases and demethylases.

Conjugation Length Dependence of Intramolecular Singlet Fission in a Series of Regioregular Oligo 3-Alkyl(thienylene-vinylene)s.

Activated intramolecular singlet fission is known to occur in the conjugated polymer polythienylene-vinylene (P3TV). Instead, efficient intersystem crossing has been observed in a short 3-alkyl(thienylene-vinylene) dimer. Here, we investigate a series of oligomers covering the conjugation length gap between the dimer and polymer.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoindolinone by Sequential Palladium-Catalyzed Aza-Heck/Suzuki Coupling Reaction.

We present a tandem aza-Heck/Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of -phenyl hydroxamic ethers with readily available arylboronic and alkenyl boronic acids. This protocol is enabled by a palladium catalyst paired with chiral phosphoramidite ligands, particularly under mild reaction conditions, yielding efficient and succinct synthetic routes to chiral isoindolinones with high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, this reaction exhibits excellent functional group compatibility and a rich diversity of subsequent transformations.

PbS Quantum Dot-Based Optoelectronic Memristors toward Multi-Task Reservoir Computing.

The rise of big data and the internet of things has driven the demand for multimodal sensing and high-efficiency low-latency processing. Inspired by the human sensory system, we present a multifunctional optoelectronic-memristor-based reservoir computing (OM-RC) system by utilizing a CuSCN/PbS quantum dots (QDs) heterojunction. The OM-RC system exhibits volatile and nonlinear responses to electrical signals and wide-spectrum optical stimuli covering ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared (NIR) regions, enabling multitask processing of dynamic signals.

Color-Coded Traffic Signal Method Combined with Nanodiamond Quantum Sensing for Accurate miRNA Detection.

Background noise interferes with the accurate detection of early tumor biomarkers. This study introduces a method that effectively reduces background noise to enhance detection accuracy by combining a color-coded signaling approach with the unique fluorescent properties and room-temperature tunable quantum spin characteristics of fluorescent diamonds (FNDs) with nitrogen-vacancy centers. In this approach, a red signal indicates the presence of the target analyte within the spectral region, a green signal indicates its absence, and a yellow signal indicates the need for further analysis using FNDs' quantum spin properties for optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) to distinguish the FND signal from background noise.

PDA/PMMA blend membrane utilized for the selective adsorption and separation of heavy metal ions.

The detrimental effects of heavy metal aqueous pollution are attracting people's attention increasingly. Membrane separation technology plays a pivotal role in the treatment of aqueous pollution due to its low energy consumption and excellent separation effect. Inspired by the strong adhesion of heavy metal ions by the dopamine in mussel protein, we have fabricated the 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% proportion of polydopamine (PDA)/Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend membranes with dopamine structure by solvent-induced phase conversion.

Expression characteristics of in citrus and analysis of its interacting protein.

The most damaging disease affecting citrus globally is Huanglongbing (HLB), primarily attributed to the infection by ' asiaticus' (Las). Based on comparative transcriptome data, two cellulose synthase (CESA) genes responsive to Las infection induction were screened, and one gene cloned with higher differential expression level was selected and named . we verified the interaction between CsCESA1 and citrus exopolysaccharide 2 (CsEPS2) proteins.

Making Video Games More Inclusive for People Living With Motor Neuron Disease: Scoping Review.

Background: Evidence suggests that individuals with motor neuron disease (MND), a terminal illness, find enjoyment and social connection through video games. However, MND-related barriers can make gaming challenging, exacerbating feelings of boredom, stress, isolation, and loss of control over daily life.

Objective: We scoped the evidence to describe relevant research and practice regarding what may help reduce difficulties for people with MND when playing video games.

Sheets Copper-Cobalt Graphitic Carbon Nitride Dual Single-Atom Catalysts for the Epoxidation of Styrene.

Dual single-atom catalysts have attracted considerable research interest due to their higher metal atom loading and more flexible active sites compared to single-atom catalysts (SACs). We pioneered the one-step synthesis of sheets copper-cobalt graphitic carbon nitride dual single-atom (S-Cu/Co-g-C3N4) using folding fan-shaped aluminum foil as a template, and used them as catalysts in the epoxidation of styrene respectively. Through XAFS（X-ray Absorption Fine Structure） and other characterizations, it is found that Cu and Co single atoms are stabilized separately on g-C3N4 via coordination with nitrogen (N), hindered the ordered growth of sheets, and formed more pore structures, which not only increased more catalytically active sites, but also effectively prevented the flakes re-aggregate during the catalytic process.

Gatekeeping Through Remote Family Physician Consultations in Tertiary University Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: To explore the potential of gatekeeping for specialized consultations and patient care via remote interactions with family physicians. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital between November 2020 and December 2021, when specialized consultations were canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients who were evaluated for remote consultation with family physicians were included.

Fabrication of 2D/2D BiMoO/S@g-CN type-II heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced visible-light-mediated degradation of tetracycline in wastewater.

Aquatic biota and human health are seriously threatened by the dramatic rise in antibiotics in environmental matrices. In this regard, the present study aims to improve knowledge of the combined effects of heterojunction design and defect engineering on the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals in aqueous matrices. Advantageously, the positioning of the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) levels of S@g-CN, being higher than those of BiMoO, demonstrates the feasibility of forming a type-II heterojunction between these materials.

Frequency-specific cortico-subcortical interaction in continuous speaking and listening.

Speech production and perception involve complex neural dynamics in the human brain. Using magnetoencephalography, our study explores the interaction between cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connectivities during these processes. Our connectivity findings during speaking revealed a significant connection from the right cerebellum to the left temporal areas in low frequencies, which displayed an opposite trend in high frequencies.

Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Heat Transport of Nanoconfined Water under Electric Fields: Effect of Nanochannel Size.

When water is confined in a nanochannel, its thermodynamic and kinetic properties change dramatically compared to the macroscale. To investigate these phenomena, we conducted nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations on the heat transfer in copper-water nanochannels with lengths ranging from 12 to 20 nm in the absence and presence of an electric field. The results indicate that in the absence of an electric field ( = 12-20 nm), the binding force between water molecules in the 20 nm nanochannel is the weakest, facilitating thermal motion in the liquid phase.

Natural Products in Precision Cryptococcal Meningitis: Phytochemical Screening of Glycyrrhiza glabra Plant against Cryptococcus neoformans Farnesyltransferase (FTase).

Cryptococcus neoformans, the most opportunistic fungal pathogen, causes cryptococcal meningitis. Based on molecular docking and ADME/toxicity analysis, the top two lead compounds selected from a screening of 5,807 phytochemical compounds from 29 medicinal plants were CID_8299 and CID_71346280, with docking scores of -5.786 and -6.

Unraveling the Impact of Stabilizers on Nanocrystal Preparation and Oral Absorption: A Case Study of Poorly Soluble Andrographolide.

Drug nanocrystal engineering is an attractive pharmaceutical approach to enhancing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The mechanism of drug nanocrystal stabilization, however, is unclear. Here we developed andrographolide nanocrystals (AG-NCs) with various nonionic surfactants (Pluronic-F127, TPGS, or Brij-S20).

Efficient Output and Stability Triboelectric Materials Enabled by High Deep Trap Density.

With the increasing global focus on sustainable materials, paper is favored for its biodegradability and low cost. Their integration with triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) establishes broad prospects for self-powered, paper-based triboelectric materials. However, these materials inherently lack efficient charge storage structures, leading to rapid charge dissipation.

Fluoroform (CHF) Production from CFCHO Photolysis and Implications for the Decomposition of Hydrofluoroolefins and Hydrochlorofluoroolefins in the Atmosphere.

Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFOs) are the leading synthetic replacements for compounds successively banned by the Montreal Protocol and amendments. HFOs and HCFOs readily decompose in the atmosphere to form fluorinated carbonyls, including CFCHO in yields of up to 100%, which are then photolyzed. A long-standing issue, critical for the transition to safe industrial gases, is whether atmospheric decomposition of CFCHO yields any quantity of CHF (HFC-23), which is one of the most environmentally hazardous greenhouse gases.

Organocatalytic Enantioselective Arylation to Access Densely Aryl-Substituted P-Stereogenic Centers.

Although methods for synthesizing chiral phosphorus scaffolds are available, the potential of this molecular chirality remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present a remote desymmetrization of prochiral biaryl phosphine oxides through an organocatalytic asymmetric arylation. This metal-free approach enables the efficient synthesis of a wide range of densely functionalized P(V)-stereogenic compounds with good to excellent yields and satisfactory enantioselectivities.

Genome concentration limits cell growth and modulates proteome composition in .

Defining the cellular factors that drive growth rate and proteome composition is essential for understanding and manipulating cellular systems. In bacteria, ribosome concentration is known to be a constraining factor of cell growth rate, while gene concentration is usually assumed not to be limiting. Here, using single-molecule tracking, quantitative single-cell microscopy, and modeling, we show that genome dilution in cells arrested for DNA replication limits total RNA polymerase activity within physiological cell sizes across tested nutrient conditions.

The role of macroautophagy in substance use disorders.

Macroautophagy, a universal cellular process, sends cellular material to lysosomes for breakdown and is often activated by stressors like hypoxia or drug exposure. It is vital for protein balance, neurotransmitter release, synaptic function, and neuron survival. The role of macroautophagy in substance use disorders is dual.

Characteristics and Outcomes of mHealth Interventions in Psychosis: Systematic Mapping Review.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have gained popularity in augmenting psychiatric care for adults with psychosis. Interest has grown in leveraging mHealth to empower individuals living with severe mental illness and extend continuity of care beyond the hospital to the community. However, reported outcomes have been mixed, likely attributed in part to the intervention and adopted outcomes, which affected between-study comparisons.