Measurement of Fluoride Ion Release From Restorative Material Using an Ion-Selective Electrode and Ultraviolet-Visible Light Spectrophotometer.

Background: Importance of fluoride in dental restorative materials for preventing secondary caries. Several commercially available tooth-colored dental restorative materials, such as glass ionomer cement, resin composites, and compomers were used for this study.

Aim: To evaluate the amount of fluoride release from tooth-colored restorative materials [Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GC Fuji II)], Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement (ACTIVA BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE), and Giomer (BEAUTIFIL II LS)] using ion-selective electrode (ISE) and spectrophotometer using zirconyl alizarin red dye method.

A narrative review on sexual wellbeing and dysfunctions: Research in the past 15 years.

Background: Psychosexual health is an important aspect of mental and physical wellbeing. Though Indian culture has a rich history of sexuality, over the years, our population has been reticent in talking about the same. With the advent of technology and new legislations protecting the rights of LGBTQIA population, awareness is also on the rise.

Epigenetic Threads of Neurodegeneration: TFAM's Intricate Role in Mitochondrial Transcription.

There is a myriad of activities that involve mitochondria that are crucial for maintaining cellular equilibrium and genetic stability. In the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative illnesses, mitochondrial transcription influences mitochondrial equilibrium, which in turn affects their biogenesis and integrity. Among the crucial proteins for keeping the genome in optimal repair is mitochondrial transcription factor A, more commonly termed TFAM.

Association of Epstein-Barr Virus and its clinical relevance in Human Papillomavirus-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma: A cohort study from South India.

Objective: The study assessed the prevalence and clinical implications of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)-positive but Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a tertiary care hospital setting. The overall goal was to elucidate the potential impact of EBV on OSCC disease progression and prognosis.

Design: A total of 134 surgically resected and histopathologically confirmed OSCC tumor biopsies were collected from a tertiary care hospital.

Efficacy of Orthognathic Surgery in OSAS Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition characterised by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and associated morbidities. Orthognathic surgery (OGS) has been proposed as a treatment option for OSAS, aimed at anatomically repositioning the maxillofacial structures to alleviate airway obstruction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of OGS in reducing apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores among OSAS patients.

A review of the current status of biological effects of plant-derived therapeutics in breast cancer.

Phytochemicals are bioactive secondary plant metabolites found in high concentrations in fruits, grains, and vegetables. Recent studies provide evidence of usage of plant-based diets rich in phytochemicals and their corelation to reduction in cancer incidence. Several phytochemicals have demonstrated effectiveness as chemotherapeutic agents against various cancers, including breast cancer.

PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE STUDY ON ANTI-DIABETIC MEDICATIONS IN GERIATRIC CLINICS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder stemming from pancreatic dysfunction, is surging in India, notably among those aged 60 and above. The escalating disease prevalence in this demographic necessitates heightened medication use, escalating the risk of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). This underscores the vital role of ADR monitoring to curtail potential harm.

Targeting signaling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Quercetin's cellular and molecular mechanisms for neuroprotection.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, are complex and challenging due to their intricate pathophysiology and limited treatment options.

Methods: This review systematically sourced articles related to neurodegenerative diseases, neurodegeneration, quercetin, and clinical studies from primary medical databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Results: Recent studies have included quercetin to impact the cellular and molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration.

Conventional periodontal probing versus salivary biomarkers in diagnosis and evaluation of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition that affects both the oral health and systemic well-being of individuals, particularly those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Accurate diagnosis and evaluation of periodontal status are crucial for effective management of the disease. This narrative review aimed to compare the diagnostic and evaluative capabilities of conventional periodontal probing and salivary biomarkers in chronic periodontitis among individuals with T2DM.

Exploring the antifungal potential of -derived stilbenoids and cannabinoids against novel targets through protein interaction profiling.

Cannabinoid and stilbenoid compounds derived from were screened against eight specific fungal protein targets to identify potential antifungal agents. The proteins investigated included Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), Enolase, Mannitol-2-dehydrogenase, GMP synthase, Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), Heat shock protein 90 homolog (Hsp90), Chitin Synthase 2 (CaChs2), and Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (M1P5DH), all of which play crucial roles in fungal survival and pathogenicity. This research evaluates the binding affinities and interaction profiles of selected cannabinoids and stilbenoids with these eight proteins using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations.

Diagnostic accuracy of combined screening algorithm for early detection of congenital heart disease among term newborns in India.

Objective: To determine the validity of a screening algorithm based on combination of clinical examination and pulse oximetry, for early detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) in term newborns. CHD is the most frequent major congenital anomaly, with prevalence of 6-12 per 1000 live births. Clinical examination alone may fail to detect CHD in more than 50% of affected newborns.

Lumbar total disk replacement versus microsurgical lumbar discectomy in treatment of radicular and back pain in railway workers: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Currently, there remains a high percentage of complications after lumbar discectomy, while there is no uniform tactic to prevent their development. Purpose of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and return to work rate (RWR) after total disk replacement (TDR) and microsurgical lumbar discectomy (MLD) in railway workers with lumbar disk herniation (LDH).

Methods: We randomly assigned 75 patients out of a total of 81 patients, between 25 and 35 years of age who had one level LDH to undergo single-level TDR surgery (group I, n=37) or MLD surgery (group II, n=38) in the L4-L5 or L5-S1 segments.

Burden of rheumatic diseases among people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a prevalent metabolic condition affecting over 500 million people globally and associated with serious comorbidities, including various rheumatologic conditions. Some studies have reported a significant association between rheumatological conditions and DM2. However, the global burden of rheumatological conditions among people with DM2 remains unknown.

Tirzepatide and Cancer Risk in Individuals with and without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Data on the carcinogenic potential of tirzepatide from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are limited. Furthermore, no meta-analysis has included all relevant RCTs to assess the cancer risk associated with tirzepatide.

Methods: RCTs involving patients receiving tirzepatide in the intervention arm and either a placebo or any active comparator in the control arm were searched through electronic databases.

The Investing Layer of the Deep Cervical Fascia: An Alternative Site for Ultrasound-guided Supraclavicular Nerve Block - A Cadaveric Anatomical Study.

Background: It is very well known that the supraclavicular nerve (SCN) which occupies the inferior part of the superficial cervical plexus basically originates from the ventral rami of C2-C4, then travels caudally into the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia (IL-DCF) alternatively termed the "prevertebral fascia."

Methods: This cadaveric study (a total of 6 soft-embalmed cadavers and bilateral dissections, i.e.

In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential and Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Approaches to Decipher the Mechanism of Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth., in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Gymnostachyum febrifugum, a less-known ethnomedicinal plant from the Western Ghats of India, is used to treat various diseases and serves as an antioxidant and antibacterial herb. The present study aims to profile the cytotoxic phytochemicals in G. febrifugum roots using GC-MS/MS, in vitro confirmation of cytotoxic potential against breast cancer and an in silico study to understand the mechanism of action.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Sleep: Exploring Phylogenomic Sleep Signals in the Recently Characterized Archaeal Phylum Lokiarchaeota near Loki's Castle.

Sleep is a universally conserved behavior whose origin and evolutionary purpose are uncertain. Using phylogenomics, this article investigates the evolutionary foundations of sleep from a never before used perspective. More specifically, it identifies orthologs of human sleep-related genes in the Lokiarchaeota of the Asgard superphylum and examines their functional role.

Impact of Platelet-rich Plasma and Platelet-rich Fibrin in Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Systematic Review.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the impact of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on pain, swelling, trismus, soft tissue healing and bone regeneration following mandibular third molar extraction.

Material And Methods: A systematic review was conducted from a period of January 2014 to June 2024 using PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy included databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, using key terms related to "PRF", "PRP", oral surgery, and third molars.

New Pyranopyrazole-Based Indolin-2,3-Dione Hybrid as Effective Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase: Synthesis, In Vitro, and Molecular Modeling Approaches.

In the current study, new pyranopyrazole analogs (9a-d and 10a-d) were synthesized through a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-arylacetohydrazide. The inhibitory abilities were investigated against the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme through experimental and molecular docking analyses. The synthesis studies were based on ultrasound-mediated condensation reactions of four-component containing 2-arylacetohydrazide, ethyl acetoacetate, indoline-2,3-dione, and ethyl 2-cyanoacetate/malononitrile in various solvents and catalysts to yield pyranopyrazole analogs (9a-d and 10a-d) in a short reaction time and remarkably favorable yields ranging from 79% to 92%.

Alcohol use profile, motivation to quit, and attitude toward drinking in participants of a community alcohol de-addiction camp and a clinical setting: A comparative study.

Background: Due to a lack of awareness and inadequate health infrastructure, the treatment gap for any mental illness is increasing in lower- and middle-income countries, including India. As an alternative to institutional treatment, community de-addiction camps play an important role.

Method: This comparative study examined alcohol use profiles, motivation to quit, and attitudes toward drinking in 84 participants, equally divided between a community alcohol de-addiction camp ( = 42) and a clinical setting ( = 42).

The Role of Glial Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of glial cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, in the pathophysiology of ASD. Glial cells are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, modulating synaptic function, and responding to neural injury.

Nanocarriers for Delivery of Anticancer Drugs: Current Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives.

Cancer, the most common condition worldwide, ranks second in terms of the number of human deaths, surpassing cardiovascular diseases. Uncontrolled cell multiplication and resistance to cell death are the traditional features of cancer. The myriad of treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy to treat this disease.

Novel Quinoline- and Naphthalene-Incorporated Hydrazineylidene-Propenamide Analogues as Antidiabetic Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Computational Studies.

Type 2 diabetes has become a significant global health challenge. Numerous drugs have been developed to treat the condition, either as standalone therapies or in combination when glycemic control cannot be achieved with a single medication. As existing treatments often come with limitations, there is an increasing focus on creating novel therapeutic agents that offer greater efficacy and fewer side effects to better address this widespread issue.