Antimicrobial consumption and bacterial resistance pattern in patients admitted in I.C.U at a tertiary care center.

Background: Throughout the world multi drug resistant nosocomial infections are one of the leading causes of death and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial resistance [AMR] has become a major problem in treatment of such infections. High consumption of antimicrobials particularly in ICUs is often described as the most important factor leading to AMR.

Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a public-sector hospital in Bangalore, South India.

Background: Anemia affects almost two-thirds of pregnant women in developing countries and contributes to maternal mortality and low birthweight. According to the National Family Health Survey-4 reports, maternal anemia continues to be a public health problem.

Objective: To study the prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among pregnant women attending a public-sector hospital.

Efficacy and Safety of Combination of NSAIDs and Muscle Relaxants in the Management of Acute Low Back Pain.

Introduction: Low back pain is a common problem worldwide causing deterioration of health and quality of life. Low back pain is often associated with muscle spasm. We investigated the combined effect of muscle relaxants and pain killers for low back pain.

Role of Immunophenotypes in Carcinoma Breast.

Background: Nottingham's modification of Bloom-Richardson histopathological grading system (NGS) for carcinoma breast is a time-tested prognostic indicator; however, of lately, breast cancer has been evaluated through molecular techniques, particularly assessing the gene expression profiling and establishing molecular or immunophenotypes. The present-day utility of NGS needs to be reassessed with the modern predictive markers, this may help refine breast cancer classification specifically to help improve the treatment protocol.

Objective: The objective was to compare breast cancer immunophenotypes with prognostic factors such as age (based on menstrual status), tumor size, lymph node (LN) status, also to compare the NGS grade with the molecular immunphenotypes of breast cancer.

Molecular characterization of novel sequence type of carbapenem-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the neonatal intensive care unit of an Indian hospital.

Emergence of multi-drug resistance, especially carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a major threat to public health. The aim of this study was to characterize CRKP isolates from infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to find the clonal outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) producers. In this study 17 CRKP isolates were analysed.

Nephron Sparing Surgery for Synchronous Bilateral Wilms-Operative Steps.

Approximately 5% of children with Wilms tumor present with bilateral disease. The treatment challenge is to achieve a high cure rate while maintaining adequate long-term renal function. We report the feasibility and outcome of nephron sparing surgery in a child with bilateral Wilms tumor who was treated at our institution.

Bladder Invasion in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma.

Involvement of the bladder by colorectal cancer is sufficiently rare to be encountered by an individual surgeon on an infrequent basis. Extirpative procedures for advanced colorectal cancers can involve partial/total bladder resections. In patients without evidence of distant metastatic disease, a reasonable therapeutic effect can be expected when negative surgical margins are obtained.

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Dengue Fever in a North Indian Tertiary Hospital.

Objectives: The present study was done to ascertain the presentations of dengue fever in a North Indian tertiary care Hospital, and to compare the clinical and laboratory features among patients with and without warning signs in dengue fever.

Methods: A total of 600 patients of dengue admitted to medical wards were included in the study. A detailed history as well as a general and systemic clinical examination were carried out.

Treatment options for partial auricle reconstruction: a prospective study of outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Objective: To evaluate the various methods and outcomes of post-traumatic partial auricle wound reconstruction, and to review the benefit to the patient's quality of life and their psychological improvement after the operation.

Methods: The prospective study included patients who suffered from post-traumatic partial auricular wounds. The defects were repaired using various techniques including simple local cutaneous advancement flaps, tube flaps, cartilage framework using conchal and costal cartilage with local skin flap cover.

Criteria for assigning cause of death for stillbirths and neonatal deaths in research studies in low-middle income countries.

Accurate knowledge regarding cause of death (COD) for stillbirths and neonatal deaths is crucial, especially in low-income countries, in order for public health and medical officials to choose appropriate interventions likely to reduce these deaths. To date, many of the COD studies in these areas have relied only on obstetric or neonatal clinical information and the determination of COD is likely to be inaccurate. Information related to infectious COD is especially lacking.

Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Restricted Diffusion.

Treatment and outcome of children with acute encephalopathy depend on the cause, prompt treatment of the underlying cause, and use of adequate supportive measures. Many novel causes of acute encephalopathy are emerging where lumbar puncture, computed tomography of the head, and routine biochemical testing can be normal such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and febrile infection-related refractory epilepsy syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the workup of children with acute leukoencephalopathy.

The impact of DocosaHexaenoic Acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on Neurodevelopment of the offspring in India (DHANI): trial protocol.

Background: Evidence suggests a strong association between nutrition during the first 1000 days (conception to 2 years of life) and cognitive development. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has been suggested to be linked with cognitive development of their offspring. DHA is a structural component of human brain and retina, and can be derived from marine algae, fatty fish and marine oils.

Low-Grade, Multiple, Ta Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Tumors: Tumor Recurrence and Worsening Progression.

Nearly half of newly diagnosed cases of bladder cancer are low grade, noninvasive, and papillary tumors. The standard treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has been transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT) with or without adjuvant intravesical instillation (IVI) of chemotherapy or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy. NMIBC is known to be associated with high rates of recurrence and risk of progression.

Repair of recto-urethral fistula with urethral augmentation by buccal mucosal graft and gracilis muscle flap interposition - our experience.

Introduction: Recto-urethral fistula (RUF) is a relatively rare surgical condition, the treatment of which is quite challenging. There are many causes of RUF, but 60% of them are iatrogenic following open prostatectomies, radiotherapy, brachytherapy, urethral instrumentation etc. We present a series of six cases treated at our institution.

Evaluation of a novel device for the management of high blood pressure and shock in pregnancy in low-resource settings: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial (CRADLE-3 trial).

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage, sepsis and pregnancy hypertension account for more than 50% of maternal deaths worldwide. Early detection and effective management of these conditions relies on vital signs. The Microlife® CRADLE Vital Sign Alert (VSA) is an easy-to-use, accurate device that measures blood pressure and pulse.

Locomotor problems among rural elderly population in a District of Aligarh, North India.

Introduction: Locomotor functions decline with the age along with other physiological changes. This results in deterioration of the quality of life with decreased social and economic role in the society, as well as increased dependency, for the health care and other basic services. The demographic transition resulting in increased proportion of elderly may pose a burden to the health system.

Uttar Pradesh Association of Physicians of India Position Statement: Tobacco Use and Metabolic Syndrome.

Tobacco use is one of the main preventable causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The global disease burden due to tobacco use is huge with projected mortality of eight million lives per year by 2030. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a constellation of cardiovascular and endocrine risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, raised blood pressure, and abnormal lipid profile.

Progression of Fibroadenoma to Malignant Phyllodes Tumour in a 14-Year Female.

Phyllodes tumours are uncommon breast tumours which account for less than 1% of all breast neoplasms. High-grade malignant phyllodes tumour is a very rare but aggressive breast malignancy and forms approximately 15-30% of all phyllodes tumours. The transformation of a benign fibroadenoma into a malignant phyllodes tumour in a teenaged female is even rarer.