A Comparative Analysis of Efficacy of Intralesional Mumps-Measles-Rubella Vaccine Versus 5-Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Warts.

Background: Palmoplantar warts are quite resistant to treatment, so treating them is a challenge as ablative modalities lead to pain, temporary immobility, secondary infections, and scarring. The treatment of warts using immunotherapeutic methods and cytotoxic methods is being increasingly used to overcome drawbacks in the treatment of warts.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine versus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the treatment of palmoplantar warts.

Risk of Carcinogenicity Associated with Synthetic Hair Dyeing Formulations: A Biochemical View on Action Mechanisms, Genetic Variation and Prevention.

Article tries to visualize the potential for carcinogenic trigger in humans with a preference for oxidative synthetic of hair dyeing formulations, especially which belong to the category of permanent colours. According to the International Agency for Cancer, hair dyes for personal use are not strictly classified as carcinogen to humans. However, some controversy exists that requires clarification.

Calf Thymus DNA Exposed to Quinacrine at Physiological Temperatures and pH Acquires Immunogenicity: A Threat for Long Term Quinacrine Therapy.

Quinacrine is an Acridine derivative with two potentially reactive groups; a diamino butyl side chain and an Acridine ring both capable of interacting with DNA but in different ways. This is an antimalarial drug approved by FDA for long term clinical trials and for the treatment of other diseases as well. The study evaluates the physicochemical interactions of quinacrine with DNA (calf thymus DNA) through characterizations of quinacrine DNA adduct (Q-DNA) by various techniques.

The causes of preterm neonatal deaths in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe): a prospective cohort study.

Background: Preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal death worldwide. South Asia contributes disproportionately to deaths among preterm births worldwide, yet few population-based studies have assessed the underlying causes of deaths. Novel evaluations, including histological and bacteriological assessments of placental and fetal tissues, facilitate more precise determination of the underlying causes of preterm deaths.

Changing trends in assessment: Effectiveness of Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) as an assessment tool in anesthesiology postgraduate students.

Background And Aims: National Medical commission of India (NMC) has introduced Competency based Medical Education (CBME) following the international trend. Competency based assessment differs from traditional assessment and we need to adopt to newer work place-based assessments (WPBA). Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) is one such assessment tool, which assesses procedural skills of a student.

Lot-to-lot consistency of a hexavalent DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T vaccine and non-inferiority to separate DTwP-HB-PRP∼T and IPV antigen-matching vaccines at 6-8, 10-12, and 14-16 weeks of age co-administered with oral rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants in India: A multi-center, randomized, controlled study.

Background: Combination vaccines reduce the number of pediatric injections but must be as safe, immunogenic, and effective as each of the individual vaccines given separately. Additionally, consistency in manufacturing lots is essential for WHO prequalification. This study aimed to establish the lot-to-lot consistency of a fully liquid, hexavalent diphtheria (D)-tetanus (T)-whole-cell pertussis (wP)-inactivated poliovirus (IPV)-hepatitis B (HB)- b (PRP-T) (DTwP-IPV-HB-PRP∼T) vaccine and to demonstrate non-inferiority to licensed DTwP-HB-PRP∼T and IPV vaccines.

Protective effects of a polyherbal medicine, against bisphenol-A induced genetic, oxidative and tissue damages.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a toxic chemical largely produced and used in polycarbonate plastics worldwide. (), a polyherbal formulation, is used as an anti-inflammatory medicine against rheumatoid arthritis. The present study aimed to evaluate BPA-induced toxicity and its possible amelioration by .

Unusual Sites of Leiomyosarcoma: A Study of 3 Interesting Cases.

Leiomyosarcoma malignant tumours arise from the smooth muscle cells. They are rapidly growing tumours with aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. Although relatively rare, they pose a diagnostic challenge as they comprise a large spectrum of diagnostic entities.

A comparative study of intravenous labetalol VS intravenous nitroglycerin in the treatment of hypertensive crises.

Hypertensive crises is still a major public health problem, causing end organ damage like myocardial infarction, stroke, and renal failure. Labetalol and nitroglycerine are among the two most commonly used medicine to control the blood pressure, but there is no head to head comparison between these two medicines. This was a prospective randomized non-blinded study which included 50 patients of hypertensive crises, out which 25 patients received intravenous labetalol and 25 patients received intravenous nitroglycerine.

Infant Young Child Feeding Practices in an Indian Maternal-Child Birth Cohort in Belagavi, Karnataka.

Poor infant young child feeding (IYCF) practices result in malnutrition, poor psychosocial development, poor school performance and less productivity in later life, thereby perpetuating a vicious cycle. The current study aims to characterize the IYCF practices during the first year of life in a maternal-child birth cohort (DHANI) in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. We collected data from the dyad at birth, 6 and 12 months postpartum.

Hyperuricemia as an Early Marker in Predicting Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Sepsis.

Unlabelled: Sepsis continues to be a medical and financial burden for both developed and developing countries, and affects all age groups. The normal value of uric acid varies with age, gender, ethnicity and physiologic status of the population. Uric acid levels in septicemic patients and their correlation with increased global prevalence along with septic shock depends on its severity.

Efficacy and safety of Bacillus clausii (O/C, N/R, SIN, T) probiotic combined with oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and zinc in acute diarrhea in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India.

Background: Childhood diarrhea remains a major disease burden, particularly in developing countries, and is a leading cause of death in children aged < 5 years, worldwide. Treatment of acute diarrhea now includes probiotics to potentially reduce the duration and severity of the illness. This phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study assessed the efficacy and safety of four strains (O/C, N/R, SIN, T) of Bacillus clausii probiotic (Enterogermina®) plus oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and zinc, versus placebo plus ORT and zinc, in infants and children in India with acute moderate diarrhea.

The dogma of Cetuximab and Radiotherapy in head and neck cancer - A dawn to dusk journey.

Since the introduction of Cetuximab as a biological molecule against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), its use in the cancers of head and neck region is widely explored. With the recognition that EGFR expression is associated with radioresistance and poor prognosis, incorporation of an anti-EGFR agent along with Radiotherapy (RT) is a logical and attractive option. Cetuximab in combination with RT as Bio-Radiotherapy (BRT) is considered one of the standard treatment modalities in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancers (LA-HNSCC).

Blood Acylated Ghrelin Concentrations in Healthy Term Newborns: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The effect of ghrelin, a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue on growth of neonates, has been studied in the past, but not fully clarified. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ghrelin and growth parameters at birth and at the age of three months in healthy term infants. .

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate triggers DNA methyltransferase 1 expression resulting in elevated CpG-methylation and enrichment of MECP2 in the p21 promoter in vitro.

Leaching of the plastic constituents leading to their chronic exposure to humans is a major concern for our environmental and occupational health. Our previous and other numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental chemicals like di (2-Ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) could pose a risk towards the epigenetic mechanisms. Yet, the mechanisms underlying its possible epigenotoxicity are poorly understood.

Disorders of Tetrahydrobiopterin Metabolism: Experience from South India.

Background: Disorders of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism represent a rare group of inherited neurotransmitter disorders that manifests mainly in infancy or childhood with developmental delay, neuroregression, epilepsy, movement disorders, and autonomic symptoms.

Methodology: A retrospective review of genetically confirmed cases of disorders of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism over a period of three years (Jan 2018 to Jan 2021) was performed across two paediatric neurology centres from South India.

Results: A total of nine patients(M:F=4:5) fulfilled the eligibility criteria.

Hypoehoic lesions on Transrectal Ultrasound and its correlation to Gleason grade in the diagnosis of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study.

The importance of hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) merits re-assessment in the present era of widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. We aimed to investigate the predictive accuracy of hypoechoic lesions on TRUS of prostate in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and to examine the association of hypoechoic lesions with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India from November 2017 to December 2019.

Fluorescent spectroscopic assessment before and after radiation treatment in oral cavity cancer and its clinical correlation.

Background: Biochemical changes in irradiated malignant tissue lead to altered autofluorophores status which should be different for cancerous tissue (residual/recurrence) and irradiated normal tissue. If this irradiated tissue is examined through fluorescent spectroscopy, we can find the spectroscopic changes occurring after the completion of treatment which can be helpful in evaluating treatment response.

Methods: Punch biopsy sample was examined through fluorescent spectroscopy in oral cavity cancer patients before and after definitive radiation treatment.

Methodology to Determine Cause of Death for Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Using Automated Case Reports and a Cause-of-Death Panel.

Background: Review of data from multiple sources is often necessary to determine cause of death for stillbirths and neonatal deaths, especially in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) where available data may vary. The minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) procedure provides granular histologic and microbiologic data that clinical reports and verbal autopsies cannot provide. Expert panel evaluation of data from individual deaths can be resource-intensive but remains essential to accurately infer causes of death.

Duration of third stage labour and postpartum blood loss: a secondary analysis of the WHO CHAMPION trial data.

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage continues to be a leading cause of maternal mortality, contributing to more than a quarter of the 2,443,000 maternal deaths reported between 2003 and 2009. During this period, about 70% of the haemorrhagic deaths occurred postpartum. In addition to other identifiable risk factors for greater postpartum blood loss, the duration of the third stage of labour (TSL) seems to be important, as literature shows that a longer TSL can be associated with more blood loss.

Detection of bladder cancer using voided urine sample and by targeting genomic VPAC receptors.

Introduction: Cells exfoliated into urine from the bladder can help to diagnose the cancer. The objective of this study was to validate the hypothesis that bladder cancer could be detected noninvasively by a simple and reliable assay targeting genomic VPAC (combined vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide family of cell surface receptors) receptors expressed on the malignant bladder cancer cells shed in the voided urine.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age with either imaging (ultrasonography/computed tomography [CT])-confirmed bladder tumors or those who have been previously treated for nonmuscle invasive bladder tumors and were visiting the department for check cystoscopy, formed the study group.

Voided urine test to diagnose prostate cancer: Preliminary report.

Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy affecting elderly male. At present, PCa is estimated using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Prostate biopsy remains the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of PCa.