Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Paxlovid Involving CYP3A Enzymes and P-gp Transporter: An Overview of Clinical Data.

Background: The US FDA has approved paxlovid, a combination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, as the first oral treatment for the management of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients.

Objective: The purpose of this review article is to explore the clinical data that is currently available regarding the drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of paxlovid with various medications.

Methods: Keywords, such as drug interactions, paxlovid, ritonavir, nirmatrelvir, pharmacokinetic interactions, CYP3A, and P-glycoprotein, were used to search online databases, including LitCOVID, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO host, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and reference lists.

In vitro Antioxidant and in vivo Hepatoprotective Activities of Root Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of Hochst. Ex Del. () on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice.

Background: Liver disease is a major public health threat, particularly in developing countries. Several medicinal plants and formulations have been claimed to have liver protective activities. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of root bark extracts of

Methods: Free radical scavenging activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of the plant was conducted using the DPPH assay method.

Protective Effect of (Euphorbiaceae) Stem Bark on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.

Background: Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating antineoplastic agent and its major limitation is injury to normal tissue, leading to multiple organ toxicity, including kidney, heart, liver and reproductive toxicity. (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in Ethiopian traditional medicine to manage renal diseases.

Objective: The present study aims to assess the protective effect of the stem bark extract and solvent fractions of on cyclophosphamide-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Pharmacokinetic Approach of Clinically Important Drug Interactions of Hormonal Contraceptives - A Review.

Hormonal contraceptives contain an Estrogen and/or a Progestin, which are the substrates of the CYP3A4 enzyme and the drugs inducing the CYP3A4 enzyme can decrease the plasma concentrations and thereby therapeutic efficacy of Hormonal contraceptives resulting in unintended pregnancy. Moreover, the hormonal contraceptives associated risk of thrombotic events are further exacerbated by the simultaneous administration of drugs like Tranexamic acid and tobacco smoke. Therefore, while prescribing hormonal contraception and other drugs to women, drug interactions should always be considered because there could be a possible contraceptive failure or other adverse drug effects.

Cardioprotective Effect of Stem Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats.

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and cardioprotective activities of stem bark extract and solvent fractions of on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. . DPPH free radical scavenging assay method was used to determine antioxidant activity whereas Sprague-Dawley rats were used to evaluate the cardioprotective activity.

Case Report of Salmonella gallinarum Urinary Tract Infection in a Renal Allograft Recipient.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella in a renal allograft recipient are a rare occurrence. Although there is some existing literature on Salmonella typhi bacteriuria and non-typhoidal bacteriuria, none of the cases has been reported in a renal transplant patient. This case report describes a rare instance in which group D Salmonella was isolated from a renal allograft recipient's urine culture and the patient was successfully treated with antibiotics.

Antidiabetic Activity of Polar and Nonpolar Solvent Extracts from (Willd.) Link Leaves.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness, and the management of diabetes is a global problem. Successful treatment is required to prevent complications and organ damages. Herbal medicines are having minimal adverse effects when compared to the available synthetic drugs to treat such chronic diseases and disorders.

Cognition Enhancing Activity of Sulforaphane Against Scopolamine Induced Cognitive Impairment in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio).

Several epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of large quantities of vegetables especially cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli and Brussels sprouts) can protect against chronic diseases. Sulforaphane, an isothiocynate found in cruciferous vegetables has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in several experimental paradigms. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of sulforaphane on cognitive impairment in zebra fish model using a novel method of fear conditioning.