Transophthalmic Artery Embolization of Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas: Technical Case Series.

Background And Purpose: Preoperative embolization of anterior skull base meningiomas can facilitate surgical resection by reducing tumor vascularity. However, transophthalmic artery embolization carries risks of visual complications. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique using modern endovascular tools.

A Clinical Decision Support System for Addressing Health-Related Social Needs in Emergency Department: Defining End User Needs and Preferences.

Background:  Health-related social needs (HRSNs) are the unmet social and economic needs (e.g., housing instability) that affect individuals' health and well-being.

Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Antibiotics rapidly reduce intestinal bacterial diversity, leading to dysbiosis that persists for months to years. Although emerging evidence from retrospective and claims-based studies has linked dysbiosis to cognitive function, prospective data are lacking. We aim to examine the prospective association of antibiotics with cognitive aging among initially healthy older adults.

Ebola Outbreak Response in the DRC with rVSV-ZEBOV-GP Ring Vaccination.

Background: At the beginning of the 2018-2020 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), no vaccine had been licensed. However, cluster-randomized evidence from Guinea in 2015 had indicated that ring vaccination around new cases (targeting contacts and contacts-of-contacts) with the use of single-dose live-replicating rVSV-ZEBOV-GP vaccine reduced EVD rates starting 10 days after vaccination. Thus, ring vaccination was added to the standard control measures for that outbreak.

Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation is the primary risk factor and currently the main treatable factor for progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. In addition to direct clinical and living animal in vivo studies, ex vivo perfusion of anterior segments and whole eyes is a key technique for studying conventional outflow function as it is responsible for IOP regulation. We present well-tested experimental details, protocols, considerations, advantages, and limitations of several ex vivo model systems for studying IOP regulation.

ACKR1ECs Promote Aortic Dissection Through Adjusting Macrophage Behavior.

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by complex pathophysiology, in which macrophages play a critical but not yet fully understood role. This study focused on the role of endothelial cells with elevated expression of ACKR1 (atypical chemokine receptor 1) and their interaction with proinflammatory macrophages in TAAD development.

Methods: Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human aortic tissues was used to identify cellular heterogeneity in TAAD.

Heteroaryl Glutarimides and Dihydrouracils as Cereblon Ligand Scaffolds for Molecular Glue Degrader Discovery.

Stabilization of cereblon (CRBN)/neosubstrate complexes with molecular glues followed by degradation of those neosubstrates is an emerging strategy in drug discovery with compelling potential to target certain proteins that were previously considered to be undruggable. In this context, the discovery of novel CRBN ligands is an important area of ongoing research that holds promise to expand the scope of proteins that can be targeted through this mode of action. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of CRBN ligands featuring heteroaryl glutarimide and dihydrouracil scaffolds.

Nitric oxide modelling and its bioavailability influenced by red blood cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasodilator responsible for maintaining vascular tone in the human body. Its production in endothelial cells (ECs) is regulated by the rise of cytoplasmic Ca concentration and shear stress perceived by blood flow. The increase in cytoplasmic Ca concentration is mainly activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from red blood cells (RBCs) and ECs.

Quantification of social motility indicates different colony growth phases.

colonies of the flagellated parasite exhibit characteristic fingering instability patterns. To enable data-driven and data-validated mechanistic modelling of these complex growth processes, it is crucial to first establish appropriate quantitative metrics beyond qualitative image comparisons. We present a quantification approach based on two scale-free metrics designed to characterize the shape of two-dimensional colonies.

Size-Up, Size-Down: Accuracy of Component Sizing with Computerized Tomography and Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Templating prior to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can help to improve surgical efficiency and potentially improve alignment and outcomes. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the ability of computed tomography (CT)-based preoperative templating to accurately predict implant sizes. A total of 724 Stryker MAKO robotic-assisted TKA cases were retrospectively evaluated from a prospectively collected database between January 2020 and October 2023.

Weak-form inference for hybrid dynamical systems in ecology.

Species subject to predation and environmental threats commonly exhibit variable periods of population boom and bust over long timescales. Understanding and predicting such behaviour, especially given the inherent heterogeneity and stochasticity of exogenous driving factors over short timescales, is an ongoing challenge. A modelling paradigm gaining popularity in the ecological sciences for such multi-scale effects is to couple short-term continuous dynamics to long-term discrete updates.

Temporal contact patterns and the implications for predicting superspreaders and planning of targeted outbreak control.

Directly transmitted infectious diseases spread through social contacts that change over time, but outbreak models typically make simplifying assumptions about network structure and dynamics. To assess how common assumptions relate to real-world interactions, we analysed 11 networks from five settings and developed metrics, capturing crucial epidemiological features of these networks. We developed a novel metric, the 'retention index', to characterize the distribution of retained contacts over consecutive time steps relative to fully static and dynamic networks.

On the consequences of intra-operative release versus over-tensioning of the posterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty.

Intra-operative tensioning of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly based on the surgeon's experience, resulting in a possibly loose or overly tight PCL. To date, the consequences of different PCL tensioning scenarios for the post-operative biomechanics of the knee remain unclear. Using a comprehensive musculoskeletal modelling approach that allows predictive joint kinematic and kinetic balance, we assessed variations in the movement and loading patterns of the knee as well as changes in ligament and muscle forces during walking in response to systematic variations in the PCL reference strain.

Osteochondral Abnormalities on Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time MRI Scans Are Associated with Knee Cartilage Degradation.

Background The calcified cartilage layer and subchondral bone plate (SBP) contribute to osteoarthritis development. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo-time (UTE) MRI can help to evaluate calcified cartilage and SBP in various stages of cartilage degradation. Purpose To compare calcified cartilage and SBP abnormalities using 3D UTE MRI with cartilage degradation and osteochondral junction (OCJ) abnormalities observed at proton-density fast spin-echo with fat suppression (PDFS) MRI.

Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of frozen raw, freeze-dried raw, fresh, and extruded dog foods and their effects on serum metabolites and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs.

Various pet food diet formats are available, but many are poorly studied. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of frozen raw, freeze-dried raw, fresh, and extruded dog foods and assess their effects on serum metabolites, hematology, and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Ten beagle dogs (4.

Conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives as promising multifunctional CNS agents for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

New conjugates of amiridine and salicylic derivatives (salicylamide, salicylimine, and salicylamine) with different lengths of alkylene spacers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential multifunctional central nervous system therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conjugates demonstrated high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition (IC: AChE, 0.265-4.

Differential Infiltration of Key Immune T-Cell Populations Across Malignancies Varying by Immunogenic Potential and the Likelihood of Response to Immunotherapy.

Solid tumors vary by the immunogenic potential of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the likelihood of response to immunotherapy. The emerging literature has identified key immune cell populations that significantly impact immune activation or suppression within the TME. This study investigated candidate T-cell populations and their differential infiltration within different tumor types as estimated from mRNA co-expression levels of the corresponding cellular markers.

Sex difference in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: follow-up data of the Netherlands Heart Registration.

Objectives: Controversies exist regarding sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study assessed sex differences in early and mid-term outcomes after CABG and factors associated with these differences. Outcomes were based on data from the Netherlands Heart Registration (NHR).

Health prediction for king salmon via evolutionary machine learning with genetic programming.

King (Chinook) salmon is the only salmon species farmed in Aotearoa New Zealand and accounts for over half of the world's production of king salmon. Determining the health status of king salmon effectively is important for farming. However, it is a challenging task due to the complex biotic and abiotic factors that influence health.

Multipliers on bi-parameter Haar system Hardy spaces.

Let denote the standard Haar system on [0, 1], indexed by , the set of dyadic intervals and denote the tensor product , . We consider a class of two-parameter function spaces which are completions of the linear span of , . This class contains all the spaces of the form (), where and are either the Lebesgue spaces or the Hardy spaces , .

Improving Automated Deep Phenotyping Through Large Language Models Using Retrieval Augmented Generation.

Background: Diagnosing rare genetic disorders relies on precise phenotypic and genotypic analysis, with the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) providing a standardized language for capturing clinical phenotypes. Traditional HPO tools, such as Doc2HPO and ClinPhen, employ concept recognition to automate phenotype extraction but struggle with incomplete phenotype assignment, often requiring intensive manual review. While large language models (LLMs) hold promise for more context-driven phenotype extraction, they are prone to errors and "hallucinations," making them less reliable without further refinement.

The potential of bacteriocins and bacteriophages to control bacterial disease of crops with a focus on spp.

Crop production plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security and maintaining economic stability. The presence of bacterial phytopathogens, particularly species (a key focus of this review), poses significant threats to crops, leading to substantial economic losses. Current control strategies, such as the use of chemicals and antibiotics, face challenges such as environmental impact and the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Pōuritanga: Whānau Māori experiences of end-of-life caregiving, death and tangihanga (funeral customs) during New Zealand's COVID-19 lockdowns.

During the COVID-19 outbreak a four-level alert system placed social restrictions on New Zealanders to minimise the spread of the virus. Hospices provided community-based care reduced to telecommunications in some regions. Marae (ancestorial gathering places) were closed, and families had to stay in their 'bubbles.