Phaeospirillum tilakii sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from aquatic sediments.

Two strains (JA492(T) and JA590) of spiral-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from aquatic sediments from a bird sanctuary and a stream, respectively, and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids (rhodopin, lycopene, hydroxylycopene glucoside and dihydroxylycopene diglucoside) were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the stacked type.

Identification, isolation and characterization of a new impurity in drug substance resulting from stress stability studies.

A new unknown impurity of cefoxitin formed during a gradient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of stress stability samples of the drug substance cefoxitin, and the level of this impurity was found at up to 0.9%. This impurity was identified by LC-MS and characterized by (1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC/MS/MS, elemental analysis and FT-IR).

Description of Ectothiorhodospira salini sp. nov.

Strain JA430(T) is a Gram-negative, vibrioid to spiral shaped phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium isolated from anoxic sediment of a saltern at Kanyakumari in a mineral salts medium that contained 2% NaCl (w/v). Strain JA430(T) grows optimally at 5-6% NaCl and tolerates up to 12% NaCl. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the lamellar type.

Blastochloris gulmargensis sp. nov., isolated from an epilithic phototrophic biofilm.

A novel Gram-negative, motile, bacteriochlorophyll b-containing purple non-sulfur bacterium, strain JA248(T), was isolated from phototrophic enrichments of a yellow-green epilithic biofilm sample collected from Gulmarg, India. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JA248(T) was 63.8 mol%.

A stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for Lomustine.

A simple, inexpensive and rapid liquid chromatography (LC) method has been developed for the quantitative determination of Lomustine, an chemotherapy drug. Degradation studies were performed on the bulk drug by heating to 60 °C, exposure to UV light at an energy of 200 Wh/m(2)and to visible light at an illumination of not less than 1.2 million lux hours, acid (0.

Phaeospirillum oryzae sp. nov., a spheroplast-forming, phototrophic alphaproteobacterium from a paddy soil.

Two strains (JA317(T) and JA559) of spiral shaped, spheroplast-forming, anaerobic, gram-negative, motile purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soils of paddy and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids, rhodopin, lycopene and rhodopin glucoside, were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of stacked type.

Thiorhodococcus modestalkaliphilus sp. nov. a phototrophic gammaproteobacterium from Chilika salt water lagoon, India.

A phototrophic gammaproteobacterium designated strain JA395(T) was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the coast of Birds' Island in the southern sector of Chilika Lagoon, India. The bacterium is a Gram-negative, motile coccus with a single polar flagellum. Bacteriochlorophyll a, and lycopene as major carotenoid.

Phaeovibrio sulfidiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., phototrophic alphaproteobacteria isolated from brackish water.

Two strains (JA480(T) and JA481) of phototrophic alphaproteobacteria were isolated from sediment samples collected from brackish water near Nagapattinam, India. They were Gram-negative, vibrioid cells containing bacteriochlorophyll a and rhodopin as major photosynthetic pigments. Most cells of both strains were non-flagellated; 1 % of cells showed two monopolar flagella.

Shewanella fodinae sp. nov., isolated from a coal mine and from a marine lagoon.

Strains JC15(T) and JC19 were isolated from samples collected from different locations in India, including a coal mine and a marine lagoon. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative rods, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and hydrolysed casein, produced H(2)S and showed beta-haemolysis. Strain JC15(T) grew optimally at pH 6 (range pH 5-8) while strain JC19 grew optimally at pH 7 (range pH 6-9) and both had a growth temperature optimum of 30-37 degrees C (range 22-40 degrees C).

Marichromatium fluminis sp. nov., a slightly alkaliphilic, phototrophic gammaproteobacterium isolated from river sediment.

An anoxygenic, phototrophic gammaproteobacterium designated strain JA418(T) was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Baitarani River, Orissa, India. The bacterium was a Gram-negative, motile rod with a single polar flagellum. Bacteriochlorophyll a and rhodopin were the major photosynthetic pigments.

Shewanella chilikensis sp. nov., a moderately alkaliphilic gammaproteobacterium isolated from a lagoon.

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium was isolated from sediment of Chilika Lagoon, a brackish water lagoon in India. The strain, designated JC5(T), was able to grow in the presence of 0-8.0 % NaCl and at pH 7.

Thiohalocapsa marina sp. nov., from an Indian marine aquaculture pond.

A spherical-shaped, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from anoxic sediment in a marine aquaculture pond near Bheemli (India). Strain JA142T is Gram-negative and non-motile. It has a requirement for NaCl (optimum of 2% and maximum of 6% w/v NaCl).

Phaeospirillum chandramohanii sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium with carotenoid glycosides.

A Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterial strain, designated JA145T, was isolated from a freshwater habitat. Cells of strain JA145T were motile by means of a monopolar flagellum. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the stacked type.

Rhodoplanes pokkaliisoli sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a waterlogged brackish paddy soil.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, purple non-sulfur bacterial strain, designated JA415T, was isolated from the mud of a pokkali rice field located on Vypeen Island, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. Strain JA415T was motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Photo- and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth was observed using organic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors.

Prosthecochloris indica sp. nov., a novel green sulfur bacterium from a marine aquaculture pond, Kakinada, India.

A green sulfur bacterium, strain JAGS6T was isolated from a marine aquaculture pond located near Kakinada on the east coast of India. Cells of strain JAGS6T were Gram-negative, non-motile, coccoid, 1-1.2 microm in diameter, with prosthecae.

Allochromatium phaeobacterium sp. nov.

A rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from brackish water near Bheemli, Visakhapatnam, India, in a medium that contained 2 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JA144(T) was Gram-negative and motile. It did not require salt, but tolerated up to 3 % NaCl (w/v).

Thiophaeococcus mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov., a photosynthetic, marine gammaproteobacterium isolated from the Bhitarkanika mangrove forest of India.

A coccoid, phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from a mud sample collected from brackish water in the Bhitarkanika mangrove forest of Orissa, India, in a medium containing 2 % NaCl (w/v). This bacterium, strain JA304(T), was Gram-negative and had a requirement for NaCl. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the vesicular type.

Rhodovulum kholense sp. nov.

A yellowish brown bacterium was isolated from photoheterotrophic enrichment cultures obtained from a mud sample collected from a mangrove forest located in Khola, India. Enrichment and isolation in medium containing 2 % NaCl (w/v) yielded strain JA297(T), cells of which were ovoid and motile. Cells of strain JA297(T) contained vesicular internal membranes and bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series.

Rhodobacter ovatus sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from a polluted pond.

A novel ovoid, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from a sample of sediment from an industrially polluted pond (Noor Mohammad Kunta) in Hyderabad, India. Strain JA234(T) was found to be Gram-negative and non-motile and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds serving as carbon source/electron donor. Photo-organoheterotrophic and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth were demonstrated.

Allochromatium renukae sp. nov.

An ovoid to rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacterium, designated strain JA136(T), was isolated in pure culture from brackish water near Kakinada, India, in a medium that contained 2 % NaCl (w/v). Cells were Gram-negative and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strain JA136(T) had no absolute salt requirement for growth but was able to tolerate up to 4 % NaCl (w/v).

Rhodobacter changlensis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, phototrophic alphaproteobacterium from the Himalayas of India.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, oval to rod-shaped, psychrotolerant, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium (designated strain JA139T) was isolated from a snow sample from Changla Pass in the Indian Himalayas. Strain JA139T had vesicular-type intracytoplasmic membrane structures and contained bacteriochlorophyll a and most probably spheroidene-like carotenoids. Biotin, niacin and thiamine were required for growth of strain JA139T.

Two novel species of marine phototrophic Gammaproteobacteria: Thiorhodococcus bheemlicus sp. nov. and Thiorhodococcus kakinadensis sp. nov.

Two coccoid phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria were isolated from marine habitats (marine aquaculture pond near Bheemli, Visakhapatnam and marine tidal waters from a fishing harbour, Kakinada) in a medium that contained 3% NaCl (w/v). Strains JA132T and JA130T are Gram-negative, motile cocci with a single flagellum. Both have an obligate requirement for NaCl.

Roseospira visakhapatnamensis sp. nov. and Roseospira goensis sp. nov.

Two Gram-negative, vibrioid, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur strains, JA131T and JA135T, were isolated from marine habitats. Strain JA131T is non-motile but strain JA135T is motile by means of a pair of monopolar flagella. Both strains have an obligate requirement for NaCl for growth.

Halochromatium roseum sp. nov., a non-motile phototrophic gammaproteobacterium with gas vesicles, and emended description of the genus Halochromatium.

A rod-shaped, marine, phototrophic, purple sulfur bacterium containing gas vesicles was isolated from a marine solar saltern at Kakinada, India. Cells of strain JA134(T) are Gram-negative, non-motile rods, with vesicular intracytoplasmic membranes, and the strain has an absolute requirement for NaCl for growth. Bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoid okenone are present as photosynthetic pigments.

Rhodobacter vinaykumarii sp. nov., a marine phototrophic alphaproteobacterium from tidal waters, and emended description of the genus Rhodobacter.

A rod-shaped, phototrophic, purple non-sulfur bacterium was isolated in pure culture from seawater collected from the seashore of Visakhapatnam, on the east coast of India, in a medium that contained 2 % NaCl (w/v). Strain JA123(T) was Gram-negative and non-motile and had a requirement for NaCl. Photo-organoheterotrophic and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth occurred with organic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors.