Predictors of household drinking water E. coli contamination: Population-based results from rural areas of Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, rural areas have lower rates of access to safe drinking water compared to urban areas. We investigated predictors of Escherichia coli contamination in drinking water of rural households in Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia.

Methods: We used a population-based, cluster randomized sampling design to select rural households in each country.

A prognostic molecular signature of hepatic steatosis is spatially heterogeneous and dynamic in human liver.

Hepatic steatosis is a central phenotype in multi-system metabolic dysfunction and is increasing in parallel with the obesity pandemic. We use a translational approach integrating clinical phenotyping and outcomes, circulating proteomics, and tissue transcriptomics to identify dynamic, functional biomarkers of hepatic steatosis. Using multi-modality imaging and broad proteomic profiling, we identify proteins implicated in the progression of hepatic steatosis that are largely encoded by genes enriched at the transcriptional level in the human liver.

Understanding Behavior Change in Clinical Practice Guideline Implementation: A Qualitative Study.

Background And Purpose: Growing numbers of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are available to neurologic physical therapists to guide and inform evidence-based patient care. Adherence to CPG recommendations often necessitates behavior change for therapists and patients. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the experiences, perspectives, and drivers of behavioral change for therapists working to improve adherence to a CPG.

Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion Strategy in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: The effect of a liberal red-cell transfusion strategy as compared with a restrictive strategy in patients during the critical care period after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unclear.

Methods: We randomly assigned critically ill adults with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and anemia to a liberal strategy (mandatory transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤10 g per deciliter) or a restrictive strategy (optional transfusion at a hemoglobin level of ≤8 g per deciliter). The primary outcome was an unfavorable neurologic outcome, defined as a score of 4 or higher on the modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability) at 12 months.

Elevated Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA Levels Are Associated With Reduced Myocardial Blood Flow but Not Angiographic Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: The EVIDENT Study.

Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) leads to impaired myocardial blood flow (MBF), increasing the risk of cardiovascular death or retransplant among heart transplantation (HT) recipients. Data on elevation in donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) and CAV in the absence of rejection are mixed. We sought to test the hypothesis that CAV with reduced MBF (RMBF) is associated with elevated dd-cfDNA.

The mechanism of action of neuromodulation in the treatment of overactive bladder.

Neuromodulation has been used in the treatment of various pelvic organ dysfunctions for almost 40 years and several placebo-controlled studies have confirmed its clinical effect. Many neuromodulation methods using different devices and stimulation parameters, targeting different neural structures have been introduced, but only a limited number have been adopted into routine clinical use. A substantial volume of basic research and clinical studies addressing specific effects of neuromodulation in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) have been published to date; however, their mechanistic implications have not been comprehensively summarized.

Development and Evaluation of a Comprehensive Prediction Model for Incident Coronary Heart Disease Using Genetic, Social, and Lifestyle-Psychological Factors: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank.

Background: Clinical risk calculators for coronary heart disease (CHD) do not include genetic, social, and lifestyle-psychological risk factors.

Objective: To improve CHD risk prediction by developing and evaluating a prediction model that incorporated a polygenic risk score (PRS) and a polysocial score (PSS), the latter including social determinants of health and lifestyle-psychological factors.

Design: Cohort study.

Novel Systemic Anticancer Therapy and Healthcare Utilization at the End of Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Novel systemic anticancer therapies (SACT) in the form of targeted and immunotherapies are increasingly replacing traditional chemotherapy. Little is known about the impact of novel SACT on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) at the end of life.

Methodology: A retrospective review of patients attending a tertiary cancer center in Toronto, Canada, with advanced solid or hematological malignancies who died in 2019.

Prediction of antigenic peptides of SARS- CoV-2 pathogen using machine learning.

Antigenic peptides (APs), also known as T-cell epitopes (TCEs), represent the immunogenic segment of pathogens capable of inducing an immune response, making them potential candidates for epitope-based vaccine (EBV) design. Traditional wet lab methods for identifying TCEs are expensive, challenging, and time-consuming. Alternatively, computational approaches employing machine learning (ML) techniques offer a faster and more cost-effective solution.

A new genus and a new species of Sphodrini (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Changbai Mountain, China, with notes on the tribe.

A new genus and a new species of the sphodrine subtribe Dolichina are described: Peiyuia changbaiensis Zhu & Shi, gen. nov., sp.

Characterization and analysis of municipal solid waste generated in the semi-urban region of Thanamandi, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India: a basis for developing a suitable waste management approach.

Population growth, urbanization, lifestyle changes, and consumption patterns increase waste management problems in Thanamandi town. The waste generation rate in Thanamandi town is expanding, and there is a need for adequate waste segregation, recycling programs, and sorting facilities. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rate in Thanamandi town, including an analysis of its composition.

Reactive oxygen species control protein degradation at the mitochondrial import gate.

While reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been known to drive aging and neurodegeneration, their persistent depletion below basal levels also disrupts organismal function. Cells counteract loss of basal ROS via the reductive stress response, but the identity and biochemical activity of ROS sensed by this pathway remain unknown. Here, we show that the central enzyme of the reductive stress response, the E3 ligase Cullin 2-FEM1 homolog B (CUL2), specifically acts at mitochondrial TOM complexes, where it senses ROS produced by complex III of the electron transport chain (ETC).

Exposure assessment and risks associated with wearing silver nanoparticle-coated textiles.

Background: Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) are used increasingly in consumer and healthcare fabrics due to their antimicrobial properties. Abrasive leaching experiments have shown that AgNPs can be released during textile wear and cause a dermal exposure. Derived-no-effect-limit value for AgNPs ranges from 0.

O-Acetyl Bakuchiol Exhibits Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Arthritic Effects: A Combined In Silico and In Vivo Experimental Study.

In the present manuscript, we evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of bakuchiol derivative, O-acetyl bakuchiol (BAc), at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.

Non-Surgical Novel Technique for Correction of Palpebromalar Groove (Tear Valley Deformity) and Extended Area: The Matador Stab.

Introduction: The tear valley deformity presents unique challenges in aesthetic correction. The Matador Stab technique and its modification introduce a novel approach to address this anatomical complexity.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 198 patients presenting with tear valley deformities.

Sickle Trait and Alpha Thalassemia Increase NOS-Dependent Vasodilation of Human Arteries Through Disruption of Endothelial Hemoglobin-eNOS Interactions.

Background: Severe malaria is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation, and reversal of this deficit improves survival in murine models. Malaria might have selected for genetic polymorphisms that increase endothelial NO signaling and now contribute to heterogeneity in vascular function among humans. One protein potentially selected for is alpha globin, which, in mouse models, interacts with endothelial NOS (eNOS) to negatively regulate NO signaling.